are by nature children of wrath b, bond-flaves to Satan c, and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come d.

Q. 28. What are the punishments of fin in this world?

A. The punishments of fin in this world are either inward, as blindness of minde, a reprobate sense f, strong delufions g, hardness of heart b, horror of confcience i, and vile affections k; or outward, as the curfe of God upon

b Eph. ii. 2. Wherein in time past ye walked according to the courfe of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, 28. e Eph. iv. 18. Having the the fpirit that now worketh in the understanding darkened, being aliechildren of disobedience. v. 3. A-nated from the life of God, through mong whom alfo we all had our the ignorance that is in them, beconversation in times past, in the cause of the blindness of their heart. lufts of our flesh, fulfilling the defires of the flesh, and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.

upon the creatures for our fakes, and all other evils that befal us in our bodies, names, eftates, relations, and employments m; together with death itfelf n.

Q.29. What are the punishments of fin in the world to come? A. The punishments of fin in the world to come, are everlafting feparation from the comfortable prefence of God,and moft grievous torments in foul and body, without intermiffion, in hell-fire for ever ø.

Q. 30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of fin and mifery?

A. God doth not leave all men to perifh in the eftate of fin and mifery p, into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works q, but of his mere love and mercy, delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an eftate

the natural ufe into that which is against nature.

/ Gen. iii. 17. And unto Adam he faid, Because thou haft hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and haft eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee, faying, Thou fhalt not eat of it: curfed is the ground for thy fake; in forrow fhalt thou eat of it all the days of thy Jife.

m Deut. xxviii. 15. to the end. But it fhall come to pafs, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to obferve to do all his commandments, and his ftatutes which I command thee this day; that all these curfes fhall come upon thee, and overtake thee. V. 16. Curfed fhalt thou be in the city, and curfed fhalt thou be in the field.. v. 17. Curfed fhall be thy basket and thy flore. v. 18. Curfed fhall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, &c.

n Rom. vi. 21. What fruit had ye then in those things, whereof ye are now afhamed? for the end of thofe things is death. v. 23. For the

wages of fin is death but the gift of God is eternal life, through Jefus Chrift our Lord.

29. o 2 Theff. i. 9. Who fhall be punished with everlasting deftruction from the prefence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power. Mark ix. 44, 46, 48.-To go into hell, where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. Luke xv. 24. And he cried and faid, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and fend Lazarus that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.

30. p 1 Theff. v. 9. For God hath not appointed us to wrath; but to obtain falvation by our Lord Je fus Chrift.

q Gal. iii. ro. For s many as are of the works of the la the curfe: for it is written, Curfed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doth them shall live in them.

V. 12.

eftate of falvation by the second covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace r.

+

Q. 31. With whom was the covenant of grace made?

A. The covenant of grace was made with Chrift as the fecond Adam, and in him with all the elect as his feed f. Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifefted in the fecond

covenant?

A. The grace of God is manifefted in the fecond covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to finners a Mediator t, and life and falvation by him v; and requiring faith, as the condition to intereft them in him

r Tit. iii. 4. But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared. v. 5. Not by works of righteousness, which we have done, but according to his mercy he faved us by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost: v. 6. Which he fhed on us abundantly, through Jefus Chrift our Saviour; v. 7. That being juftified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. Gal. iii. 21. Is the law then against the promifes of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteoufness should have been by the law. Rom. iii. 20. Therefore by the deeds of the law, there fhall no flesh be juftified in his fight: for by the law is the knowledge of fin. V. 21. But now the righteoufnefs of God without the law is manifefted, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; v. 22. Even the righteoufnefs of God which is by faith of Jefus Chrift unto all, and upon all them that believe; for there is no difference.

31. Gal. iii. 16. Now to Abraham and his feed were the promises made. He faith not, And to feeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy feed, which is Chrift. (Rom.

w,

promiseth

v. 15. to the end.) If. liii. 10. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him,he hath put him to grief: when thou fhalt make his foul an offering for fin, he fhall fee his feed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord fhall profper in his hand. v. 11. He fhall fee of the travel of his foul, and fhall be fatisfied: by his knowledge fhall my righteous fervant juftify many: for he shall bear their iniquities.

32. Gen. iii. 15. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy feed and her feed: it fhall bruife thy head, and thou fhalt bruife his heel. If. xlii. 6. I the Lord have called thee in righteoufnefs, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and will give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles. John vi. 27. Labour not for the meet which perifheth, but for that meet which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man fhall give unto you: for him hath God the Father fealed.

VI John v. 11. And this is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life; and this life is in his Son. v. 12. He that hath the Son, hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God, hath not life.

John iii. 16. For God fo loved the world, that he gave his only A a begotten

promifeth and giveth his holy Spirit x to all his elect, to work in them that faith y, with all other faving graces z, and to enable them unto all holy obedience a, as the evidence of the truth of their faith b, and thankfulness to God c, and as the way which he hath appointed them to falvation d.

Q. 33. Was the covenant of grace always administered after one and the fame manner?

A. The covenant of grace was not always administered after the fame manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from thofe under the New e.

Q.34. How was the covenant of grace administered under the Old Teftament?

begotten Son, that whofoever believeth in him, fhould not perish, but have everlasting life. John i. 12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the fons of God, even to them that believe on his name.

x Prov. i. 23. Behold, I will pour out my Spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.

y 2 Cor. iv. 13. We having the fame fpirit of faith, according as it is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken: we alfo believe, and therefore fpeak.

z Gal. v. 22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longfuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, v. 23. Meeknefs, temperance: gainst fuch there is no law.

a

a Ezek. xxxvi. 27. And I will put my Spirit within you, and caufe you to walk in my statutes, and ye fhall keep my judgments, and do them.

b James ii. 18. Yea, a man may fay, Thou haft faith, and I have works: fhew me thy faith without thy works, and I will fhew thee my faith by my works. v. 22. Seeft thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect?

A. The

e 2 Cor. v. 14. For the love of Christ constraineth us, because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead. v. 15. And that he died for all, that they which live, fhould not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rofe again.

d Eph. ii. 10. For we are his workmanship, created in Chrift Jefus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.

33. e 2 Cor. iii. 6. Who alfo hath made us able minifters of the New Teftament, not of the latter, but of the fpirit: for the latter killeth, but the fpirit giveth life. v. 7. But if the miniftration of death written and engraven in ftones, was glorious, fo that the children of Ifrael could not stedfaftly behold the face of Mofes, for the glory of his countenance, which glory was to be done away; v. 8. How fhall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious? v. 9. For if the miniftration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the minitration of righteoufnefs exceed in glory.

34. Rom.

A. The covenant of grace was adminiftered under the Old Teftament, by promifes f, prophecies g, facrifices h, circumcifioni, the paffover k, and other types and ordinances, which did all fore-fignify Chrift then to come, and were for that time fufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Meffiah 1, by whom they then had full remiffion of fin, and eternal falvation m.

Q.35. How is the covenant of grace administered under the New Teftament?

A. Under the New Teftament, when Chrift the fubftance was exhibited, the fame covenant of grace was and ftill is to be administered in the preaching of the word n, and the administration of the facraments of baptifm o,

34. f Rom. xv. 8. Now I fay, that Jefus Chrift was a minifter of the circumcifion for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers.

g Acts iii. 20. And he shall fend Jefus Chrift, which before was preached unto you. v. 24. Yea, and all the prophets from Samuel, and thofe that follow after, as many as have fpoken, have likewife foretold of these days.

b Heb. x. 1. For the law having a fhadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with thofe facrifices which they offered year by year continually, make the comers thereunto perfect.

and

not having received the promises, but having feen them afar off, and were perfuaded of them, and embraced them, and confeffed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.

m Gal. iii. 7. Know ye therefore, that they which are of faith, the fame are the children of Abraham. v. 8. And the fcripture forefeeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gofpel unto Abraham, faying, In thee fhall all nations be bleffed. v.9. So then they which be of faith, are bleffed with faithful Abraham. v. 14. That the bleffing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jefus Chrift; that we might receive the promife of the Spirit through faith.

35. n Mark xvi. 15. And he faid unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every crea

ture.

o Matth. xxviii. 19. Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: v. 20. Teaching them to obferve all things whatfoever I have commanded you and lo, I am with you alway even unto the end of the world. Amen.