7 Together came the Pakthas, the Bhalânas, the Alinas, the Sivas, the Vishâņins.

Yet to the Tritsus came the Arya's Comrade, through love of spoil and heroes' war, to lead them.

8 Fools, in their folly fain to waste her waters, they parted inexhaustible Parushņî.

Lord of the Earth, he with his might repressed them: still lay the herd and the affrighted herdsman.

9 As to their goal they sped to their destruction: they sought Parushņi; e'en the swift returned not.

Indra abandoned, to Sudâs the manly, the swiftly flying foes, unmanly babblers.

10 They went like kine unherded from the pasture, each clinging to a friend as chance directed.

They who drive spotted steeds, sent down by Prișni, gave ear, the Warriors and the harnessed horses.

11 The King who scattered one-and-twenty people of both Vaikarna tribes through lust of glory

As the skilled priest clips grass within the chamber, so hath the Hero Indra wrought their downfall.

7 The Pakthas, and the rest mentioned in the first line of the stanza appear to have been non-Aryan tribes opposed to the Tritsus. According to the Scholiast these names are the denominations of various ministers at religious rites, and following this interpretation Wilson translates the stanza as follows: 'Those who dress the oblation, those who pronounce auspicious words, those who abstain from penance, those who bear horns (in their hands), those who bestow happiness (on the world by sacrifice), glorify that Indra who recovered the cattle of the Arya from the plunderers, who slew the enemies in battle.' The Arya's Comrade: Indra, the ally of Tritsu against n-Âryan confederacy.

the non

8 The confederates, who were on the right or farther bank of the Parushņi, intending to attack Sudâs and the Tritsus, appear to have attempted to make the river fordable by digging channels and so diverting the water, which, it seems, rushed back into its natural bed and drowned the men who were crossing the stream. The second line of the stanza is obscure and the translation is conjectural. Wilson translates: 'but he by his greatness pervades the earth, Kavi, the sou of Chayamâna, like a falling victim, sleeps (in death).' The herd and the herdsman are, of course, the hostile band and its leader.

10 They went the fugitives who escaped drowning. They who drive spotted steeds the Maruts, sent down by their mother Prisni to aid Sudâs.

11 People: or, houses, i. e. families. Both Vaikarna tribes: perhaps some allies of the Druhyus; but the meaning of vaikarnayoh is uncertain. See Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, p. 103. Ludwig thinks that the reference is to a mythic battle at some place called Vaikarṇau between Indra (the King) and the Maruts (the one-and-twenty people). Clips grass: with one clean cut.

12 Thou, thunder-armed, o'erwhelmedst in the waters famed ancient Kavasha and then the Druhyu.

Others here claiming friendship to their friendship, devoted unto thee, in thee were joyful.

13 Indra at once with conquering might demolished all their strong places and their seven castles.

The goods of Anu's son he gave to Tritsu. May we in sacrifice conquer scornful Pûru.

14 The Anavas and Druhyus, seeking booty, have slept, the sixty hundred, yea, six thousand,

And six-and-sixty heroes. For the pious were all these mighty exploits done by Indra.

15 These Tritsus under Indra's careful guidance came speeding like loosed waters rushing downward.

The foemen, measuring exceeding closely, abandoned to Sudâs all their provisions.

16 The hero's side who drank the dressed oblation, Indra's denier, far o'er earth he scattered.

Indra brought down the fierce destroyer's fury. He gave them various roads, the path's Controller.

17 E'en with the weak he wrought this matchless exploit: e'en with a goat he did to death a lion.

He pared the pillar's angles with a needle. Thus to Sudâs
Indra gave all provisions.

12 Kavasha: perhaps the priest of one of the two Vaikarna tribes which Zimmer is inclined to identify with the Kuru-Krivis. See Altindisches Leben, p. 127. Others here: for they, Indra, who are devoted to thee and glority thee, preferring thy friendship, enjoy it.'-Wilson. The exact meaning is

uncertain.

13 To Tritsu: to Sudâs, the King of the Tritsus. 14 The Anavas: men of the Anu tribe. The sixty hundred: The enumeration is very obscurely expressed, shashtih sata shat sahasra shashṭir adhí shat, literally, sixty hundreds, six thousands, sixty, with six more: Sâyana understands by satani, thousands, sahasrânityarthaḥ '-Wilson. Sixtysix thousand six hundred and six.' Ludwig suggests that dusa should be read instead of sata, which would make the number 6666. See Benfey, Vedica und Linguistica, pp. 139-162.

6

15 Measuring exceeding closely though taking great care of their goods and reluctantly giving them up.

16 The hero's side: the party of the hostile leader, the nonn-Âryans who denied Indra, and themselves devoured the oblations that should have been presented to him. He gave them various roads: made them fly in all directions.

17 E'en with a goat : impossible deeds mentioned as illustrations of Indra's miraculous power.

18 To thee have all thine enemies submitted: e'en the fierce Bheda hast thou made thy subject.

Cast down thy sharpened thunderbolt, O Indra, on him who harms the men who sing thy praises.

19 Yamuna and the Tritsus aided Indra. Bheda bare of all his treasures.

There he stripped

The Ajas and the Sigrus and the Yakshus brought in to him as tribute heads of horses.

20 Not to be scorned, but like Dawns past and recent, O Indra, are thy favours and thy riches.

Devaka, Manyamâna's son, thou slewest, and smotest Sambara from the lofty mountain.

21 They who, from home, have gladdened thee, thy servants Parâṣara, Vasishtha, Satayâtu,

Will not forget thy friendship, liberal Giver. So shall the days dawn prosperous for the princes.

22 Priest-like, with praise, I move around the altar, earning Paijavana's reward, O Agni,

Two hundred cows from Devavân's descendant, two chariots from Sudâs with mares to draw them.

23 Gift of Paijavana, four horses bear me in foremost place, trained steeds with pearl to deck them.

Sudâs's brown steeds, firmly-stepping, carry me and my son for progeny and glory.

24 Him whose fame spreads between wide earth and heaven, who, as dispenser, gives each chief his portion,

Seven flowing Rivers glorify like Indra. He slew Yudhyâmadhi in close encounter.

18 Bheda: an enemy of Sudâs, or an unbeliever, says Sâyaṇa.

19 Yamund: the Jumna. But it is not easy to see how the expedition reached so far. The Ajas, Sigrus, and Yakshus were perhaps subject to Bheda, but nothing is known regarding them. Heads of horses: which had been killed in battle.

20 Like Dawns: renewed every day. Devaka: not mentioned elsewhere. According to Grassmann dévakum mányamanám refers to Şambara, ‘thinking himself a God.'

21 Parâşara is said by one authority to have been the son, and by another the grandson of the Rishi Vasishtha. Șutayatu is said to be Sakti, Vasishtha's son. 22 Here begins the danastuti or praise of the prince's liberality. Paijavana: Sudâs. descendant of Pijavana. Devavan's descendant: Sudâs, Devavân being either the same as Divodâsa, the father of Sudâs or one of his forefathers.

24 Seven flowing Rivers glorify: the seven chief rivers of the Panjâb glorify him as they glorify Indra. Or, they (men) praise him as the seven rivers praise Indra. The seven rivers bear his glory far and wide' (I. 102-2). Yudhyamidhi: not mentioned elsewhere.

25 Attend on him O ye heroic Maruts as on Sudas's father Divodása.

Further Paijavana's desire with favour. Guard faithfully his lasting firm dominion.

HE like a bull with sharpened horns, terrific, singly excites and agitates all the people:

Thou givest him who largely pours libations his goods who pours not, for his own possession.

2 Thou, verily, Indra, gavest help to Kutsa, willingly giving ear to him in battle,

When, aiding Arjuneya, thou subduedst to him both Kuyava and the Dâsa Sushņa.

3 0 Bold One, thou with all thine aids hast boldly holpen Sudâs whose offerings were accepted,

Pûru in winning land and slaying foemen, and Trasadasyu son of Purukutsa.

4 At the Gods' banquet, hero-souled! with Heroes, Lord of Bay Steeds, thou slewest many foemen.

Thou sentest in swift death to sleep the Dasyu, both Chumuri and Dhuni, for Dabhîti.

5 These were thy mighty powers that, Thunder-wielder, thou swiftly crushedst nine-and-ninety castles:

Thou capturedst the hundredth in thine onslaught; thou slewest Namuchi, thou slewest Vṛitra.

6 Old are the blessings, Indra, which thou gavest Sudâs the worshipper who brought oblations.

For thee, the Strong, I yoke thy strong Bay Horses: may our prayers reach thee and win strength, Most Mighty!

7 Give us not up, Lord of Bay Horses, Victor, in this thine own assembly, to the wicked.

Deliver us with true and faithful succours: dear may we be to thee among the princes.

25 Maruts: here, perhaps, the Maghavans or wealthy nobles are intended who stand in the same relation to Sudâs as the Maruts to Indra.

1 Excites and agitates: as God of battles. Thou: Indra. This abrupt change from the third person to the second is not unusual in the Veda.

2 Arjuneya: Kutsa, descendant of Arjuna. See I. 112. 23. Kuyava: see

I. 103. 8.

4 For Chumuri, Dhuni, and Dabhiti, see Vol. I. Index.

5 Namuchi: another demon of drought. See I. 53. 7. In thine onslaught; according to Sâyana, for thy dwelling: thou hast occupied the hundredth as a place of abode.'-Wilson.

6 Sudás: the King of the Tritsus, celebrated in the preceding hymn.

8 May we men, Maghavan, the friends thou lovest, near thee be joyful under thy protection.

Fain to fulfil the wish of Atithigva humble the pride of Turvașa and Yâdva.

9 Swiftly, in truth, O Maghavan, about thee men skilled in hymning sing their songs and praises.

Elect us also into their assembly who by their calls on thee despoiled the niggards.

10 Thine are these lauds, O manliest of heroes, lauds which revert to us and give us riches.

Favour these, Indra, when they fight with foemen, as Friend and Hero and the heroes' Helper.

11 Now, lauded for thine aid, Heroic Indra, sped by our prayer, wax mighty in thy body.

Apportion to us strength and habitations. Ye Gods, protect us evermore with blessings.

STRONG, Godly-natured, born for hero exploit, man's Friend, he doth whatever deed he willeth.

Saving us e'en from great transgression, Indra, the Youthful, visiteth man's home with favour.

2 Waxing in greatness Indra slayeth Vṛitra: the Hero with his aid hath helped the singer.

He gave Sudâs wide room and space, and often hath granted wealth to him who brought oblations.

3 Soldier unchecked, war-rousing, battling Hero, unconquered from of old, victorious ever,

Indra the very strong hath scattered armies; yea, he hath slain each foe who fought against him.

4 Thou with thy greatness hast filled full, O Indra, even both the worlds with might, O thou Most Mighty.

Lord of Bays, Indra, brandishing bis thunder, is gratified with Soma at the banquet.

5 A Bull begat the Bull for joy of battle, and a strong Mother brought forth him the manly.

8 Atithigva: probably a descendant of Sudâs who must have lived long before the composition of this hymn, as the favour bestowed upon him by Indra is spoken of as old in stanza 6. Yâdva: or Yadu's son.

9 Elect us also: that is, let us share the blessings which thou withholdest from the illiberal churls who offer no oblations and givest to those who call upon thee and worship thee.

5 A Bull begat the Bull: A vigorous (god) begot a vigorous (son).'--Muir. The father of Indra is Kasyapa, according to Sayaņa; but probably Dyaus is intended. A strong Mother: Aditi.