In Paradise of all things common else. By thee adult'rous lust was driv'n from men Among the bestial herds to range; by thee, Founded in reason, loyal, just, and pure, Relations dear and all the charities
Of father, son, and brother, first were known. Far be it, that I should write thee sin or blame, Or think thee unbefitting holiest place, Perpetual fountain of domestic sweets, Whose bed is undefil'd and chaste pronounc'd, Present, or past, as saints and patriarchs us'd. Here love his golden shafts employs, here lights His constant lamp, and waves his purple wings, Reigns here and revels; not in the bought smile Of harlots, loveless, joyless, unendear'd, Casual fruition; nor in court amours,
Mix'd dance, or wanton mask, or midnight ball, Or serenade, which the starved lover sings To his proud fair, best quitted with disdain. These lull'd by nightingales embracing slept, And on their naked limbs the flow'ry roof Shower'd roses which the morn repair'd. Sleep on, Blest pair; and O yet happiest, if ye seek No happier state, and know to know no more.
Now morn her rosy steps in th' eastern clime Advancing, sow'd the earth with orient pearl, When Adam wak'd, so custom'd; for his sleep Was airy light, from pure digestion bred, And temp❜rate vapours bland, which th' only sound Of leaves and fuming rills, Aurora's fan, Lightly dispers'd, and the shrill matin song Of birds on every bough; so much the more His wonder was to find unwaken'd Eve, With tresses discompos'd, and glowing cheek, As through unquiet rest: he on his side Leaning, half-rais'd, with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamour'd, and beheld Beauty, which, whether waking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar graces; then with voice Mild, as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes, Her hand soft touching, whisper'd thus: Awake, My fairest, my espous'd, my latest found, Heav'ns last best gift, my ever new delight, Awake; the morning shines and the fresh field Calls us; we lose the prime, to mark how spring Our tended plants, how blows the citron grove, What drops the myrrh, and what the balmy reed, How Nature paints her colours, how the bee Sits on the bloom, extracting liquid sweet.
Such whisp'ring wak'd her, but with startled eye On Adam, whom embracing, thus she spake.
O sole, in whom my thoughts find all repose, My glory, my perfection, glad I see
Thy face, and morn return'd; for I this night (Such night till this I never pass'd) have dream'd, If dream'd, not as I oft am wont, of thee, Works of day past, or morrow's next design, But of offence and trouble, which my mind Knew never till this irksome night: Methought
Close at mine ear one call'd me forth to walk With gentle voice, I thought it thine; it said, Why sleep'st thou, Eve? Now is the pleasant time, The cool, the silent, save where silence yields To the night-warbling bird, that now awake Tunes sweetest his love-labour'd song; now reigns Full orb'd the moon, and with more pleasing light Shadowy sets off the face of things; in vain, If none regard; Heav'n wakes with all his eyes, Whom to behold but thee, Nature's desire? In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not; To find thee I directed then my walk; And on, methought, alone I pass'd through ways That brought me on a sudden to the tree Of interdicted knowledge: fair it seem'd, Much fairer to my fancy than by day: And as I wond'ring look'd, beside it stood One shap'd and wing'd like one of those from Hea- By us oft seen; his dewy locks distill'd Ambrosia; on that tree he also gaz'd;
And, O fair plant! said he, with fruit surcharg'd, Deigns none to ease thy load, and taste thy sweet, Nor God, nor man? Is knowledge so despis'd? Or envy, or what reserve forbids to taste? Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offer'd good; why else set here? Thus said, he paus'd not, but, with vent'rous arm, He pluck'd, he tasted; me damp horror chill'd At such bold words, vouch'd with a deed so bold: But he thus, overjoy'd; O fruit divine! Sweet of thyself, but much more sweet thus cropt, Forbidden here, it seems, as only fit
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For Gods, yet able to make Gods of men: And why not Gods of men, since good, the more Communicated, more abundant grows,
The Author not impair'd, but honour'd more? Here, happy creature, fair angelic Eve, Partake thou also, happy tho' thou art, Happier thou may'st be, worthier canst not be: Taste this, and be henceforth among the Gods, Thyself a Goddess, not to earth confin'd, But sometimes in the air, as we sometimes Ascend to Heav'n, by merit thine, and see What life the Gods live there, and such live thou.
So saying, he drew nigh, and to me held, Ev'n to my mouth of that same fruit held part, Which he had pluck'd; the pleasant savoury smell So quicken'd appetite, that I, methought, Could not but taste. Forth with up to the clouds With him I flew, and underneath beheld The earth outstretch'd immense, a prospect wide And various: wond'ring at my flight and change To this high exaltation; suddenly
My guide was goue, and I, methought, sunk down, And fell asleep; but O how glad I wak'd, To find this but a dream! Thus Eve her night Related, and thus Adam answer'd sad.
Best image of myself, and dearer half, The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep Affects me equally; nor can I like.
This uncouth dream, of evil sprung I fear; Yet evil whence? In thee can harbour none, Created pure. But know that in the soul Are many lesser faculties, that serve Reason as chief: among these fancy next Her office holds; of all external things Which the five watchful senses represent, She forms imaginations, airy shapes, Which reason joining or disjoining, frames All that we affirm or what deny, and call Our knowledge or opinion; then retires Into her private cell when Nature rests. Oft in her absence mimic fancy wakes To imitate her; but misjoining shapes, Wild works produces oft, and most in dreams, Ill matching words and deeds long past or late. Some such resemblances, methinks, I find Of our last evening's talk, in this thy dream, But with addition strange; yet be not sad. Evil into the mind of God or man
May come and go, so unapprov'd, and leave No spot or blame behind: which gives me hope That what in sleep thou didst abhor to dream, Waking thou never wilt consent to do.
Be not dishearten'd then, nor cloud those looks, That wont to be more cheerful and serene, Than when fair morning first smiles on the world; And let us to our fresh employments rise Among the groves, the fountains, and the flowers That open now their choicest bosom'd smells, Reserv'd from night, and kept for thee in store.
So cheer'd he his fair spouse, and she was cheer'd, But silently a gentle tear let fall
From either eye, and wip'd them with her hair; Two other precious drops that ready stood, Each in their chrystal sluice, he, ere they fell, Kiss'd, as the gracious signs of sweet remorse And pious awe, that fear'd to have offended. So all was clear'd, and to the field they haste. But first, from under shady arb'rous roof, Soon as they forth were come to open sight Of day-spring, and the sun, who scarce up risen, With wheels yet hovering o'er the ocean brim, Shot parallel to the earth his dewy ray, Discovering in wide landskip all the east Of Paradise, and Eden's happy plains, Lowly they bow'd, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid In various stile; for neither various stile Nor holy rapture wanted they to praise Their Maker, in fit strains pronounc'd or sung Unmeditated, such prompt eloquence
Flow'd from their lips, in prose or numerous verse, More tuneable than needed lute or harp To add more sweetness; and they thus began. These are thy glorious works, Parent of Good, Almighty; thine this universal frame, Thus wondrous fair; thyself how wondrous then! Unspeakable, who sit'st above these Heavens To us invisible, or dimly seen
In these thy lowest works; yet these declare Thy goodness beyond thought, and pow'r divine.
Speak ye who best can tell, ye sons of light, Angels; for ye behold him, and with songs And choral symphonies, day without night, Circle his throne, rejoicing; ye in Heaven, On earth join all ye creatures to extol
Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. Fairest of stars, last in the train of night, If better thou belong not to the dawn,
Sure pledge of day, that crown'st the smiling morn With thy bright circlet, praise him in thy sphere, While day arises, that sweet hour of prime. Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul, Acknowledge him thy greater, sound his praise In thy eternal course, both when thou climb'st, And when high noon hast gain'd, and when thou fall'st.
Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun, now fly'st, With the fix'd stars, fix'd in their orb that flies, And ye five other wand'ring fires that move In mystic dance, not without song, resound His praise, who out of darkness call'd up light. Air, and ye elements, the eldest birth Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion run Perpetual circle, multiform, and mix And nourish all things; let your ceaseless change Vary to our great Maker still new praise. Ye mists and exhalations that now rise From hill or steaming lake, dusky or grey, Till the sun paint your fleecy skirts with gold, In honour to the world's great Author rise, Whether to deck with clouds th' uncolour'd sky, Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers, Rising or falling, still advance his praise. His praise, ye winds, that from four quarters blow, Breathe soft or loud; and wave your tops, ye pines, With every plant, in sign of worship wave. Fountains, and ye that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise. Join voices, all ye living souls: ye birds, That, singing, up to Heaven gate ascend, Bear on your wings, and in your notes his praise. Ye that in waters glide, and ye that walk The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep; Witness if I be silent, morn, or even, To hill or valley, fountain or fresh shade, Made vocal by my song, and taught his praise. Hail! universal Lord, be bounteous still To give us only good; and the night Have gather'd aught of evil, or conceal'd, Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark.
THE ANGEL RAPHAEL SENT TO WARN ADAM OF HIS DANGER. So spake th' eternal Father, and fulfill'd All justice: nor delay'd the winged Saint After his charge receiv'd; but from among Thousand celestial Ardors, where he stood Veil'd with his gorgeous wings, up springing light, Flew thro' the midst of Heav'n; th' angelic choirs, On each hand parting, to his speed gave way Through all th' empyreal road; till at the gate
Of Heav'n arriv'd, the gate self-open'd wide, On golden hinges turning, as by work Divine, the Sovereign architect had fram'd. From hence no cloud, or, to obstruct his sight, Star interpos'd, however small he sees, Not unconform to other shining globes,
Earth, and the gard'n of God, with cedars crown'd Above all hills. As when by night the glass
Of Galileo, less assur'd, observes Imagin'd lands and regions in the moon; Or pilot, from amidst the Cyclades, Delos or Samos, first appearing, keus,
A cloudy spot. Down thither prone in flight He speeds, and through the vast ethereal sky Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing. Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan Winnows the buxom air; till within soar Of tow'ring eagles, to all the fowls he seems A phoenix, gaz'd by all, as that sole bird, When to inshrine his reliques in the sun's Bright temple, to Egyptian Thebes he flies. At once on th' eastern cliff of Paradise He lights, and to his proper shape returns A Seraph wing'd; six wings he wore, to shade His lineaments divine; the pair that clad Each shoulder broad, came mantling o'er his breast With regal ornament; the middle pair Girt like a starry zone his waist, and round Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold And colours dipt in Heav'n; the third his feet Shadow'd from either heel with feather'd mail, Sky-tinctur'd grain. Like Maia's son he stood, And shook his plumes, that heav'nly fragrance fill'd The circuit wide. Straight knew him all the bands Of angels under watch; and to his state And to his message high in honour rise; For on some message high they guess'd him bound. Their glittering tents he pass'd, and now is come Into the blissful field, through groves of myrrh, And flow'ring odours, cassia, nard, and balm; A wilderness of sweets; for Nature here Wanton'd as in her prime, and play'd at will Her virgin fancies, pouring forth more sweet, Wild above rule or art; enormous bliss. Him through the spicy forest onward come Adam discern'd, as in the door he sat
Of his cool bow'r, while now the mounted sun Shot down direct his fervid rays to warm [needs: Earth's inmost womb, more warmth than Adam And Eve within, due at her hour, prepar'd For dinner savoury fruits, of taste to please True appetite, and not disrelish thirst Of nect'rous draughts between, from milky stream, Berry or grape: to whom thus Adam call'd:
Haste hither Eve, and worth thy sight behold Eastward among those trees, what glorious shape Comes this way moving; seems another morn Ris'n on mid-noon; some great behest from Heaven To us perhaps he brings, and will vouchsafe This day to be our guest. But go with speed, And what thy stores contain, bring forth, and pour Abundance, fit to honour and receive
Our heav'nly stranger: well we may afford Our givers their own gifts, and large bestow From large bestow'd, where Nature multiplies Her fertile growth, and by disburd'ning grows More fruitful, which instructs us not to spare.
To whom thus Eve. Adam, earth's hallow'd mould,
Of God inspir'd, small store will serve, where store, All seasons, ripe for use, hangs on the stalk; Save what by frugal storing firmness gains To nourish, and superfluous moist consumes: But I will haste, and from each bough and brake, Each plant and juiciest gourd, will pluck such choice To entertain our Angel guest, as he
Beholding shall confess, that here on earth God hath dispens'd his bounties as in Heaven. So saying, with dispatchful looks in haste She turns, on hospitable thoughts intent, What choice to choose for delicacy best, What order, so contriv'd as not to mix Tastes, not well join'd, inelegant, but bring Taste after taste upheld with kindliest change; Bestirs her then, and from each tender stalk Whatever Earth, all-bearing mother, yields In India East or West, or middle shore In Pontus or the Punic coast, or where Alcinous reign'd, fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rind, or bearded husk, or shell, She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand; for drink the grape She crushes, inoffensive must, and meaths From many a berry, and from sweet kernels press'd She tempers dulcet creams; nor these to hold Wants her fit vessels pure; then strows the ground With rose and odours from the shrub unfum'd.
Meanwhile our primitive great sire, to meet His god-like guest, walks forth, without more train Accompanied than with his own complete Perfections; in himself was all his state, More solemn than the tedious pomp that waits On princes, when their rich retinue long Of horses led, and grooms besmear'd with gold, Dazzles the crowd, and sets them all agape. Nearer his presence Adam, tho' not aw'd, Yet with submiss approach and reverence meek, As to a superior nature, bowing low, Thus said. Native of Heav'n, for other place None can than Heav'n such glorious shape contain; Since by descending from the thrones above, Those happy places thou hast deign'd a while To want, and honour these, vouchsafe with us Two only, who yet by sov'reign gift possess This spacious ground, in yonder shady bower To rest, and what the garden choicest bears To sit and taste, till this meridian heat Be over, and the sun more cool decline. Whom thus th' angelic Virtue answer'd mild: Adam, I therefore came; nor art thou such Created, or such place hast here to dwell, As may not oft invite, tho' Spirits of Heaven, To visit thee; lead on then where thy bower O'ershades; for these mid-hours, till ev'ning rise,
I have at will. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbour smil'd With flow'rets deck'd and fragrant smells; but Eve Undeck'd, save with herself, more lovely fair Than Wood-Nymph, or the fairest Goddess feign'd Of three that in mount Ida naked strove,
Stood to entertain her guest from Heav'n; no veil She needed, virtue-proof; no thought infirm Alter'd her cheek. On whom the Angel hail Bestow'd, the holy salutation us'd
Long after to blest Mary, second Eve.
Hail Mother of Mankind, whose fruitful womb Shall fill the world more numerous with thy sons Than with these various fruits the trees of God Have heap'd this table. Rais'd of grassy turf Their table was, and mossy seats had round, And on her ample square from side to side All autumn pil'd, tho' spring and autumn here Danc'd hand in hand. Awhile discourse they hold: No fear lest dinner cool; when thus began Our Author. Heav'nly stranger, please to taste These bounties, which our Nourisher, from whom All perfect good, unmeasur'd out, descends, To us for food and for delight hath caus'd The earth to yield; unsavoury food perhaps To spiritual natures; only this I know, That one celestial Father gives to all.
To whom the Angel. Therefore what he gives (Whose praise be ever sung) to man in part Spiritual, may of purest Spirits be found
No ingrateful food: and food alike those pure Intelligential substances require,
As doth your rational; and both contain Within them every lower faculty
Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste, Tasting concoct, digest, assimilate,
And corporeal to incorporeal turn.
For know, whatever was created, needs To be sustain'd and fed; of elements The grosser feeds the purer, earth the sea, Earth and the sea feed air, the air those fires Ethereal, and as lowest first the moon; Whence in her visage round those spots unpurg'd Vapours not yet into her substance turn'd. Nor doth the moon no nourishments exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs. The sun, that light imparts to all, receives from all his alimental recompense I humid exhalations, and at even
Sups with the ocean. Though in Heav'n the trees Of life ambrosial fruitage bear, and vines Yield nectar; though from off the boughs each morn We brush mellifluous dews, and find the ground Cover'd with pearly grain: yet God hath here Varied his bounty so with new delights, As may compare with Heaven; and to taste Think not I shall be nice. So down they sat, And to their viands fell; nor seemingly The Angel, nor in mist, the common gloss Of theologians; but with keen dispatch Of real hunger, and concoctive heat
To transubstantiate: what redounds, transpires
Through Spirits with ease; nor wonder, if by fire Of sooty coal th' empiric alchemist Can turn, or holds it possible to turn, Metals of drossiest ore to perfect gold
As from the mine. Mean while at table Eve Minister'd naked, and their flowing cups With pleasant liquors crown'd: O innocence Deserving Paradise! if ever, then,
Then had the sons of God excuse to have been Enamour'd at that sight; but in those hearts Love unlibidinous reign'd, nor jealousy Was understood, the injur'd lover's hell.
RAPHAEL'S ACCOUNT OF THE CREATION.
Let there be light, said God, and forthwith light Ethereal, first of things, quintessence pure, Sprung from the deep, and from her native east To journey through the airy gloom began, Spher'd in a radiant cloud; for yet the sun Was not; she in a cloudy tabernacle Sojourn'd the while ; God saw the light was good; And light from darkness by the hemisphere Divided: light the day, and darkness night He nam'd. Thus was the first day ev'n and morn: Nor past uncelebrated, nor unsung
By the celestial quires, when orient light Exhaling first from darkness, they beheld; Birth-day of Heav'n and Earth; with joy and shout The hollow universal orb they fill'd,
And touch'd their golden harps, and hymning prais'd God and his works, Creator, him they sung, Both when first evening was, and when first morn. Again, said God, let there be firmament
Amid the waters, and let it divide
The waters from the waters: and God made The firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, Transparent, elemental air, diffus'd
In circuit to the uttermost convex
Of this great round: partition firm and sure, The waters underneath from those above Dividing for as Earth, so he the world Built on circumfluous waters calm, in wide Christalline ocean, and the loud misrule Of Chaos far remov'd, lest fierce extremes Contiguous might distemper the whole frame: And Heav'n he nam'd the firmament: so even And morning chorus sung the second day.
The earth was form'd; but in the womb as yet Of waters, embryon immature involv'd, Appear'd not: over all the face of Earth Main ocean flow'd, not idle, but with warm Prolific humour soft'ning all her globe, Fermented the great mother to conceive, Satiate with genial moisture, when God said, Be gather'd now, ye waters under Heav'n, Into one place, and let dry land appear. Immediately the mountains huge appear Emergent, and their bare broad backs upheave Into the clouds, their tops ascend the sky: So high as heav'd the tumid hills, so low
Down sunk a hollow bottom, broad and deep, Capacious bed of waters: thither they Hasted with glad precipitance, uproll'd As drops on dust conglobing from the dry; Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct,
For haste; such flight the great command impress'd On the swift floods: as armies at the call Of trumpet (for of armies thou hast heard) Troop to their standard, so the wat❜ry throng, Wave rolling after wave, where way they found, If steep with torrent rapture, if through plain, Soft-ebbing; nor withstood them rock or hill, But they, or under ground, or circuit wide With serpent error wand'ring, found their way, And on the washy oose deep channels wore; Easy, ere God had bid the ground be dry, All but within those banks, where rivers now Stream, and perpetual draw their humid train. The dry land Earth, and the great receptacle Of congregated waters, he call'd Seas:
And saw that it was good, and said, Let th' Earth Put forth the verdant grass, herb yielding seed, And fruit-tree yielding fruit after her kind, Whose seed is in herself upon the Earth. He scarce had said, when the bare earth, till then Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorn'd, Brought forth the tender grass, whose verdure clad Her universal face with pleasant green, Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower'd Opening their various colours, and made gay Her bosom smelling sweet: and these scarce blown, Forth flourish'd thick the clust' ring vine, forth crept The smelling gourd, up stood the corny reed Imbattel'd in her field, and th' humble shrub, And bush with frizzled hair implicit: last Rose, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gemm'd Their blossoms; with high woods the hills were crown'd
With tufts the vallies, and each fountain side; With borders long the rivers: that Earth now Seem'd like to Heav'n, a seat where Gods might Or wander with delight, and love to haunt [dwell Her sacred shades: tho' God had not yet rain'd Upon the Earth, and man to till the ground None was, but from the Earth a dewy mist Went up and water'd all the ground, and each Plant of the field, which, ere it was in th' Earth God made, and every herb, before it grew On the green stem; God saw that it was good: So ev❜n and morn recorded the third day.
Again th' Almighty spake, Let there be lights High in th' expanse of Heaven, to divide The day from night; and let them be for signs, For seasons, and for days, and circling years, And let them be for lights, as I ordain Their office in the firmament of Heav'n To give light on the Earth; and it was so.
And God made two great lights, great for their use To man, the greater to have rule by day, The less by night altern; and made the stars, And set them in the firmament of Heav'n,
Tilluminate the Earth, and rule the day In their vicissitude, and rule the night, And light from darkness to divide. God saw, Surveying his great work, that it was good: For of celestial bodies first the sun
A mighty sphere he fram'd, unlightsome first, Tho' of ethereal mould: then form'd the moon Globose, and every magnitude of stars, And sow'd with stars the Heav'n thick as a field: Of light by far the greater part he took, Transplanted from her cloudy shrine, and plac'd In the sun's orb, made porous to receive And drink the liquid light, firm to retain Her gather'd beams, great palace now of light. Hither, as to their fountain, other stars Repairing in their golden urns draw light, And hence the morning planet gilds her horns; By tinctures or reflection they augment Their small peculiar, though from human sight So far remote, with diminution seen. First in his east the glorious lamp was seen, Regent of day, and all th' horison round Invested with bright rays, jocund to run
His longitude thro' Heav'n's high road; the gray Dawn, and the Pleiades before him danc'd, Shedding sweet influence: less bright the moon, But opposite in level'd west was set,
His mirror, with full face borrowing her light From him, for other light she needed none In that aspect, and still that distance keeps Till night; then in the east her turn she shines, Revolv'd on Heav'n's great axle, and her reign With thousand lesser lights dividual holds, With thousand thousand stars, that then appear'd Spangling the hemisphere: then first adorn'd With their bright luminaries that set and rose, Glad ev'ning and glad morn crown'd the fourth day. And God said, Let the waters generate Reptile with spawn abundant, living soul: And let fowl fly above the Earth, with wings Display'd on th' open firmament of Heav'n; And God created the great whales, and each Soul living, each that crept, which plenteously The waters generated by their kinds,
And every bird of wing after his kind; And saw that it was good, and bless'd them, saying, Be fruitful, multiply, and in the seas,
And lakes, and running streams, the waters fill; And let the fowl be multiply'd on th' Earth. Forthwith the sounds and seas, each creek and bay With fry innumerable swarm, and shoals of fish that with their fins and shining scales Glide under the green wave, in sculls that oft Bank the mid sea: part single or with mate Graze the sea-weed their pasture,and through groves Of coral stray, or sporting with quick glance Shew to the sun their wav'd coats dropt with gold, Or in their pearly shells at ease, attend Moist nutriment, or under rocks their food In jointed armour watch: on smooth the seal, And bended dolphins play: part huge of bulk Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait
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