irregular, the latter narrower in the direction of the spire than across it, and much reflected.

Largest size.-Breadth, 2 inches (64 millim.); thickness, inch (4 millim.) Turns of the spire altogether, about 45.

Loc.-Upper Sind, (Col. Turner).

Associates.-Assilina exponens (var. b), A. obesa, N. spira, N. obesa.

Obs. This may be generally termed a "large, thin nummulite.” Its greater breadth, thinness, irregularity of spire and greater number of chambers, which are more reflected, narrower, and have their longest diameter across, instead of in the direction of the spire, even to within a few of the outer turns, separate it from N. perforata, as well as from N. Sismondai, and indeed from all the " Punctulatæ " figured by MM. d'Archiac and Haime, except the Sindian species called N. obtusa, which although agreeing with N. Curteri in the narrowness of its chambers continued towards the margin, and thus also differing from all the other "Punctulate" except N. curvispira, nevertheless markedly differs from N. Carteri, like the other "Punctulatæ," in all the other points mentioned. Some specimens are so thin that they may be termed "papyraceous," but they still present compressed cells above and below the central plane, as may be seen by making vertical sections of them. Again, in some localities, they appear to be stunted in their growth, if, as before stated, the approximation of the outer turns of the spire may be taken as a sign of full-development, for I possess full-grown specimens with approximated turns of the spire which are not more than half the diameter of the largest forms.

On the other hand, in comparing young specimens of N. Carteri with those of N. perforata of equal breadth, viz. 3-24ths of an inch, it will be observed that, while the whole of the white puncta are gathered together in the centre of the former, they are more or less scattered, and separate, in the latter.

So far as the specimens of N. perforata which Dr. Cook sent from the valley of Kelat go, N. Carteri is not present with them; although it is associated with N. perforata in Upper Sind.

In some specimens of N. Carteri the wearing down of the softer substance of the test and the septal lines has caused the harder portions or puncta to project in such a manner, as to render the fossil so much like N. Brongniarti, (d'Arch. et Haime, pl. v. fig. 1, &c.), that at first sight they would be said to be the same species in this respect. Again, it was my inattention to the exact position of these puncta, which did not form specific distinctions before MM. d'Archiac and Haime wrote

their "Work," that led me in the figure which I gave of this nummulite to place all the puncta between the septal lines (Ann. pl. vii. fig. 9), and MM. d'Arch. et Haime, on this account, to liken it to N. perforata ; whereas it really is more like N. Sismondai, for puncta are not only scattered between the septal lines but attached to them as above mentioned. We shall soon see, however, that the presence or absence of these puncta in specimens of the same species renders this distinction of less value specifically perhaps, than it may be generically.

The spire and columns of N. Carteri are perhaps most like that given by d'Arch. et Haime of N. distans, (pl. 2, fig. 2 and 2 a)—one of their group, "Læves et Sublæves," while N. Carteri generally, is the nearest approach to this "group" which Sind produces, at least so far as my knowledge extends.

"2. N. millecaput ?" (Ann. p. 169).-This has been identified. by d'Arch. et Haime (p. 343) with N. Gyzehensis, one of their group of "Læves et Sublæves." It came from Egypt, and was merely inserted among the Sind specimens for comparison. As yet, I have not seen a single specimen of this group from Sind.

"3. N. obtusa, Sow.," (Ann. pl. vii. fig. 13).—This has been identified by d'Arch. et Haime (p. 343), with the fossil from Cutch described by Sowerby under this name; chiefly, I presume, from my figure being without "puncta" on the surface, and thus these authors have again been led into error so far as the figure goes, for in the nummulite from which it was taken I now find there are abundance of puncta, although in the smaller specimens from which the description was made, there are only one or two, here and there, attached to the septal lines. Moreover, I find that all the specimens which I now possess, and which, respectively, come from the valley of Kelat and various parts of Sind, have that striking character (according to d'Arch. et Haime) which distinguishes all the other "Punctulatæ " except N. curvispira, from N. obtusa, viz. the great increasing diameter of the chambers in the direction of, over that across, the spire, towards the margin. In d'Arch. et Haime's figure of N. obtusa (pl. vi. fig.136), the chambers, in relative proportion, are nearly the same throughout; in which case I have never yet seen a specimen of this nummulite from Sind or elsewhere.

The presence of the puncta again, or their absence; their attachment to the septal lines or their separation from them; or the existence of both in the same specimen; or indeed the absence of the septal

lines altogether and the presence of an abundance of puncta may exist respectively, in the different forms of the globose nummulite, viz. N. perforata, which abounds in the valley of Kelat and Sind, showing that much dependence, as I have just stated, must not be placed on the puncta or septal lines for specific distinction. How much the plainness of the puncta in their white, opaque form, may depend on the compactness of the material of which the fossil is composed, I am ignorant, but it seems to me that the harder and darker it is the more evident are the puncta, while the lighter and more chalky, the more indistinct, until they disappear altogether. Still, this is not always the case, since in the specimens from Kelat which are all equally hard, the puncta are sometimes wanting, when the form of the chambers of the central plane proves them otherwise, to be of the same species. That all these variations may depend after all on fossilization may easily be conceived, from the puncta in the first instance being the most transparent parts of the test as shown in Operculina. However, to avoid further confusion, I will now give a more complete description of this nummulite than I could do formerly, assigning to it the name of N. perforata rather than that of N. obtusa, as I think the former will be found the best adapted for it.

N. perforata, d'Orb., (d'Arch. et Haime, p. 115, pl. vi.)—Globose, or discoidal and compressed, presenting several whorls of white septal lines on the surface more or less crooked, sinuous, branched, and mixed with more or less puncta, which may be attached to or separate from the lines or even present without the lines; presenting in some instances a branch-work of minute lines radiating from the puncta, and also extending from the septal lines across the cameral spaces. Internal structure.-Spire regular, turns approximated towards the circumference in proportion to the sphericity of the specimen. Chambers as long as broad about the centre, becoming much longer in the direction of the spire than across it towards the circumference.

9

12

41

Largest size.-1st, Globose variety, breadth, 1 inch, (26 millim.); thickness, inch, (19 millim.). 2nd, Compressed variety, breadth, 10 inch, (21 millim.); thickness, inch, (10 millim.). 3rd, Thin variety, breadth, inch, (15 millim.); thickness, inch, (5 millim.)

12

7 12

12

2

12

Loc.-Upper Sind, (Col. Turner). Valley of Kelat, (Dr. Cook). Associates.-Assilina exponens (var. b), A. obesa, N. spira, N.Biaritzenis, Alveolina elliptica, Orbitoides dispansa, Conulites Cooki, at Kelat; N. Carteri and N. spira in Upper Sind.

Obs. As this nummulite has all the forms, viz. globose and flat, of N. perforata, and at one time the same external markings, while at others not, which, as before stated, makes the latter of little specific value; while in the form of its chambers, their increase in diameter in the direction of the spire, and the increase in number and approximation of the turns of the spire, towards the circumference, more especially in the globose forms, I think we must set down this fossil as N. perforata. There is so little difference however, between some of the flatter forms and N. Brongniarti, N. Verneuili, and N. Sismondai (d'Arch. et Haime), that it might occasionally be taken for either of them.

MM. d'Archiac and Haime also state (p. 117), regarding N. perforata :-" Les nombreux individus que nous avons observés qui provenaient tous d'une même localité, présentaient à l'extérieur un teinte violette, beaucoup faible en dedans. C'est d'ailleurs, le seul example de coloration que nous ayons observé dans les Nummulites, et qui puisse être regardé comme ne provenant pas d'une circonstance étrangère." This happens to be the case, so far as regards the colour, with most of the "Punctulate" which Dr. Cook sent from the Valley of Kelat (a great number); but it is not confined to them, for the other Foraminifera, viz. Assilina obesa, n. sp., and Orbitoides dispansa, which are associated with them are in like manner, and equally violetcoloured, while the same species from parts of Sind associated with the same kind of Foraminifera are more or less without colour; hence I am inclined to think that the violet colour in the Kelat specimens is derived from the material in which they were imbedded, for it only extends a little deeper than the surface of the nummulite, and this material is coloured more or less red or yellow by the presence of much oxide of iron; while most of those from Sind, which are colourless, are imbedded in white or greyish limestone.

N. Broachensis, Cart.-Discoidal, thick; margin angular; surface smooth, presenting puncta arranged spirally without striæ. Spire regular; chambers increasing in diameter with the direction of the spire over that which is across it, towards the circumference; septa curved, reflected.

5

2 48

Largest size.—Breadth, inch; thickness inch. Number of turns in the spire altogether, 6.

Loc.-Wasna, a little village in Rajpipla, about fifteen miles E. S. E. of Broach, and about five south of Ruttunpoor (Major Fulljames). Associates.-N, Ramondi, Orbitoides dispansa, Operculina.

66

Obs. This little nummulite, which was first described in my Geological Papers of Western India," (p. 697,-1857), is smaller than N. Lucasana, d'Arch. et Haime (pl. viii. fig. 5); the long diameter of the outer chambers is relatively greater, and the puncta tend to a concentric arrangement, with but slight appearance of the septal lines. Possibly, as the outer turns of the spire are not approximated, it may be the young of a larger size. I have designated it " Broachensis," to record the existence of Eocene Strata near this town; and not

fifty miles up the Nurbudda" on the north side, as stated (loc. cit.) by mistake. Pieces of yellow, argillaceous limestone were brought from Wasna to the late Major Fulljames, containing this fossil, N. Ramondi, Operculina, and Orbitoides dispansa, and he transmitted them to me. are the specimens to which I have alluded, as being so richly infiltrated with red or yellow oxide of iron as to afford an unerring guide to their internal structure respectively.

PLICATE Vel STRIATÆ, d'Arch. et Haime.

These

1. N. Biaritzensis, d'Arch. et Haime, (p. 131).-None of this "Group" of Nummulites were noticed in my first "Paper.”

6

12

Largest size. Breadth, inch (19 millim.); thickness, inch (6 millim.).

Loc.-Valley of Kelat, (Dr. Cook). Booghtee and Murree Hills and Sukkur, (Dr. Malcolmson). Lukput, (Mr Smith).

Obs. All the specimens that I possess from the different localities. mentioned must be referred to N. Biaritzensis. They are characterized externally by a single bunch or whorl of septal lines flowing in a sigmoid form from an eccentric point on the disk, towards the circumference (see fig. 5, pl. viii. d'Arch. et Haime); and internally, by the regu larity of the spire and the chambers, which are much reflected and continue longer across, than in the direction of, the spire, even to the circumference.

Here again there are so many varieties, and the species described by d'Arch. and Haime are so much alike, that it has been exceedingly difficult for me to identify all those which I possess with N. Biaritzensis. Nevertheless, after careful comparison, this has been the conclusion to which I have arrived.

The value of the number of chambers in one-fourth of a turn half the radius of the fossil from the centre or circumference, is only of use where the specimens happen to be of the same size as that from which