high, and its capital is adorned with two rows of leaves, and eight volutes, which sustain the abacus. The frieze is ornamented with curious devices, the cornice with dentals and modillions.

This order is used in ftately and fuperb ftructures. It was invented at Corinth, by Callimachus, who is faid to have taken the hint of the capital of this pillar from the following remarkable circumftance:-Accidentally paffing by the tomb of a young lady, he perceived a basket of toys, covered with a tile, placed over an acanthus root, having been left there by her nurfe. As the branches grew up, they encompaffed the basket, till, arriving at the tile, they met with än obftruction, and bent downwards. Callimachus, ftruck with the object, fet about imitating the figure the vafe of the capital he made .to reprefent the bafket; the abacus the tile, and the volutes the bending leaves.

The Compofite

Is compounded of the other orders, and was contrived by the Romans. Its capital has the two rows of leaves of the Corinthian, and the volutes of the Ionic. Its column has the quar ter-round, as the Tufcan and Doric order; is ten diameters high, and its cornice has dentals, or fimple modillions. This pillar is generally found in buildings where ftrength, elegance and beauty are difplayed..

Of the Invention of Order in Architecture.

The ancient and original orders of architec-ture, revered by mafons, are no more than

three, the DORIC, IONIC and CORINTHIAN, which were invented by the Greeks. To these the Romans have added two: the Tufcan, which they made plainer than the Doric; and the Compofite, which was more ornamental, if not more beautiful, than the Corinthian. The first three orders alone, however, fhew, invention and particular character, and effentially differ from each other; the two others have nothing but what is borrowed, and differ only accidentally; the Tufcan is the Doric in its earliest state; and the Compofite is the Corinthian, enriched with the Ionic. To the Greeks, therefore, and not to the Romans, we are indebted for what is great, judicious and diftinct in architecture.

Of the FIVE SENSES of Human Nature.

An analysis of the human faculties is next given in this fection, in which the five external fenfes particularly claim attention; these are, hearing, feeing, feeling, smelling and tasting.

Hearing

Is that fenfe by which we diftinguish founds, and are capable of enjoying all the agreeable charms of mufic. By it we are enabled to enjoy the pleasures of fociety, and reciprocally to communicate to each other our thoughts and intentions, our purposes and defires; while thus our reafon is capable of exerting its utmost power and energy.

The wife and beneficent Author of Nature intended, by the formation of this fenfe, that

we should be focial creatures, and receive the greatest and most important part of our knowledge by the information of others. For thefe purposes we are endowed with hearing, that by a proper exertion of our rational powers, our happiness may be complete.

Seeing

Is that fenfe by which we diftinguish objects, and in an inftant of time, without change of place or fituation, view armies in battle array, figures of the most stately ftructures, and all the agreeable variety displayed in the landscape of nature. By this fenfe we find our way in the pathless ocean, traverse the globe of earth, determine its figure and dimenfions, and delineate any region or quarter of it. By it we measure the planetary orbs, and make new discoveries in the sphere of the fixed ftars. Nay, more: by it we perceive the tempers and difpofitions, the paffions and affections of our fellow creatures, when they wish most to conceal them; fo that, though the tongue may be taught to lie and diffemble, the countenance would display the hypocrify to the difcerning eye. In fine, the rays of light, which administer to this fenfe, are the most aftonishing parts of the animated creation, and render the eye a peculiar object of admiration.

Of all the faculties, fight is the nobleft. The ftructure of the eye, and its appurtenances, evinces the admirable contrivance of nature for performing all its various external and internal motions ; while the variety difplayed in the

eyes of different animals, fuited to their feveral ways of life, clearly demonstrates this organ to be the masterpiece of nature's work.

Feeling

Is that fenfe by which we diftinguish the different qualities of bodies; fuch as heat and cold, hardness and softness, roughness and fmoothnefs, figure, folidity, motion, and extenfion.

These three fenfes, Hearing, Seeing and Feeling, are deemed peculiarly effential among mafons.

Smelling

Is that fenfe by which we diftinguifh odours, the various kinds of which convey different impreffions to the mind. Animal and vegetable bodies, and indeed most other bodies, while exposed to the air, continually fend forth effluvia of vaft fubtilty, as well in the ftate of life and growth, as in the ftate of fermentation and putrefaction. These effluvia, being drawn into the noftrils along with the air, are the means by which all bodies are fmelled. Hence it is evident, that there is a manifeft appearance of defign in the great Creator's having planted the organ of finell in the infide of that canal, through which the air continually paffes in refpiration.

Tafting

Enables us to make a proper diftinction in the choice of our food. The organ of this sense guards the entrance of the alimentary canal, as that of fmelling guards the entrance of the canal for respiration. From the fituation of both

thefe organs, it is plain that they were intended by nature to diftinguish wholefome food from that which is naufeous. Every thing that enters into the ftomach muft undergo the scrutiny of tafting; and by it we are capable of discerning the changes which the fame body undergoes in the different compofitions of art, cookery, chemiftry, pharmacy, &c.

Smelling and tafting are infeparably connected; and it is by the unnatural kind of life men commonly lead in fociety, that these fenfes are rendered lefs fit to perform their natural offices.

On the mind all our knowledge muft depend: what, therefore, can be a more proper fubject for the investigation of mafons? By anatomical diffection and obfervation, we become acquainted with the body; but it is by the anatomy of the mind alone we difcover its powers and principles.

To fum up the whole of this tranfcendent measure of God's bounty to man, we fhall add, that memory, imagination, tafte, reasoning, moral perception, and all the active powers of the foul, prefent a vaft and boundless field for philofophical difquifition, which far exceeds human inquiry, and are peculiar myfteries, known only to nature and to nature's God, to whom we and all are indebted for creation, preservation, and every bleffing we enjoy.

Of the Seven Liberal ARTS and SCIENCES.

The feven liberal ARTS and SCIENCES are next illuftrated in this section: it may not there