vernaculars of the so-called Arian class of tongues in the plains—traces, I conceive, of primitive Turánianism as palpable as are to be found in the secondary terms (bhat-wat, mar-dal (vide infra), kapra-latta, &c.) of the Prákrits, and which their grammarians can only explain by calling them tautological sing-song. That all such terms are really genuine samples of the double words so common throughout the Turánian area, and that the latter member of each term is Turánian, I trust by and by to have time to show. Meanwhile, and with reference to the Tartar substitute for the voices, here are a few examples By me struck = I struck, active voice. Tibetan, ngági dung; Newari, jing dáye; Háyu, gia tohmi; Khas, mailé kútyo; Urdu, main né kúta. Me struck = I was struck, passive voice. Tibetan, ngála dúng; Newári, jita dála; Háyu, go toh'mi; Khas, manlai kútyo; Urdu, mujh ko kúta (subaudi, usnė). The languages which employ conjunct suffix pronouns have a form precisely equivalent to the latter, e.g., Sontál dál-éng, and Háyu toh'-múm = struck me. And observe that Sontál dál, to strike, reproduces not only the widespread dá vel tá root of the north, but also the l of Newári dála,* as to which see remarks on the transitive and preterite sign aforegone, and Urdu már-dál, with its comment. With regard to the personal endings or pronominal suffixes of the Nilgirian verbs, their obscurity is sufficiently conformable to the cultivated Dravirian models, with due allowance for mistakes on the part of the rude speakers of the former tongues. Something may also be ascribed with probability to decomposition and disuetude. But upon the whole we cannot doubt that these tongues belong to the pronomenalised class, and that, for example, the ni and mi of Toda tinsbi-ni, I eat; Observe also that Jita dála reproduces the objective sign, ta vel da, above spoken of. Compare latada and Cicero t. As a transitive sign of verbs it is most widely diffused, and nearly as widely are ka vel ga, and pa, vel ba, vel va. Sa vel cha is a very widely diffused neuter sign which also can be traced indubitably to the third pronoun used to denote the object—in this case, the agent himself or itself. The French forms, Je lève and Je me lève, &c., very well serve to indicate the latter form, though not the former of Turávian verbs. tinsbi-mi, we eat; with the an, al, ad of nidre-madut-an, madutal, madut-ad, he, she, it sleeps, of Kurumba, are instances of suffixed pronouns. And now, having already remarked sufficiently upon the other peculiarities of the Nilgiri pronouns under the head of “pronoun," I shall here bring these remarks, suggested by the Nilgirian vocabularies, to a close. P.S.-Of the many resembling or identical words in the Himalayan and Dravidian tongues I say nothing at present. Those who meanwhile wish to see them, have only to consult the several vocabularies printed in the Journal. But with reference to what I have stated above, that there exists an authentic tradition (reduced to writing some five hundred years back) identifying the people of the Malabar coast with those of épál proper (or the Newár tribe), I may just point to such words as wá vel vá = come, and sumaka silent, as perfectly the same in form and meaning both in the Newár language and in that of the Nilgirians. SUPPLEMENT TO THE NILGIRIAN VOCABULARIES. VOL II. tenna tinnu tinnu tinnu tinnave, tinduko (the latter to a superior) únú kudi úne kudi kudidukove, kudidu koveko vorg voragu vorage (g = German gnidre madu (sleep kadandukove, kadan. make)* duko be) girkádu aluve pesu symaniru (silent be) maniade iru (speech less be) itva ? vá (it-va = come ba, iti ba ? (iti-ba váge ba barave come here) bhó there) hogu = go there) = go there) mklo lyettu méke yeddu yéndu kove ukandu kove nade nadandu kove walk there) walk there) vór vódu ate vódu vóda vódu ta, kor ta, kodu ta kodu tárave tegi, yettfo (having tegi véde bóngu adi Strike * The brackets denote suggestions of my own. + Ch= kh. English ch represented by tsh. Former = guttural Scotch ch in loch, &c. 146 kondu bóku tavarsidade adidukove, kondu kove túku túkove ate idu bhodu kelu kétukove ariduko arindiru helu sollu adi hui huiya béda adio-venda To strike adia huiya adika huiyuva huida adida Burthtpavan, or burtht- huiyuvavanu (van or puikálu adikálu huiyuvara huiyuva álu adika huiyuva álu hui du gondu adidu burthtsbini, or burth-huidane I strike áne puikape ná adi kallave 5) huiyutine versbini huide áne possupe ná adide huide Present tense is used Present tense is used Present tense is used ná adike * Ch=kh. English ch represented by tsh. Former = guttural Scotch ch in loch, &c. Esh-t is absolutely the samo with Váyu ish-to, the t being the transitive sign! And moreover in Toda, as in Háyu, this is active and passive ! Soo burth-t = stricken, or ná voragine, vora- voragape, inde 5) nidre madutine Iná kadandu kóge giunnane 3) voragape, ornér vidre madide (sleep ná kadandu kónde made 1) pá kadavdu kóge tingape ná tindu kóge ná tinde ná tinge kandane, kanutine ná pátu kóge ná pátu kónde | nidre madutine (sleep ná kada ke, na ka- dandu kóge Thou sleepest *vorchsti * voragire voragape nidre maduti ni kadandu kónde He sleeps vorchsti voragina avanu kadandu Voragapo nidre madutane kónda avla kadandu voragla avala kondala nidre madutade adu kadandu kónda No dual in any of these languages teve yengella nidre madu. These have been teve casually omitted Ye all sleep nivellam vorchsbini mingella voragiari * vorigire nivella nidra Dadu. by Mr. Metz. tiri They all sleep avarellam vorchsbini vakaella voragiari vorigoro avarella nidre madu. tare kondhakisutine ná kollisé vittige madisutine (About the Passive, see Remarks.) * For omitted Pronouns, see elsewhere. + Adverbs of timo used to mark tense. I sleep yesterday = I slept. I I sleep to-morrow = I will sleep. I slept I will see I sleep an vorchebini voragape No preterite ná voragidde voragapet I eat tetthbini, tinsbini tinnane nósigape tavarsiken madisine kesiken |
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