CONTENTS. PAGE How numerals are derived from names for 'finger' and 'hand', and The origin of numerals, and the resulting problem which they pre- Aryan and American 'fingers' - 24 The Ethiopian (= Trans-Saharic or South African) ‘five', or t-n hand-five-its parallels in Australia, Eastern Asia, and North- The Ethiopian 'ten', or k-m hand-five-its parallels in Northern The Basqueten'-Ethiopian or Trans-Saharic element in the Basque language-three races or nations, Cynetæ, Iberi, Celta, mentioned by the ancients in the Spanish peninsula The q-q, t-n, and k-m hand-fives similarly placed in Southern Africa and in Eastern Asia with respect to the centre of the How the q-q hand-fives in Africa became severed from those in Asia-consideration of two other hands', which are at once Finnish, Caucasian, and Aboriginal Indian How these last two 'hands' may explain two Pre-Aryan numerals Basque and Caucasian animal-names found in Nepalese and Ab- Parallel between Finnish and Aboriginal Indian 'fours' PAGE Also between the 'feet' contained in them, and Mongolian and เ This base traceable as a numeral-affix in Asia and America African parallels to a hand-five in Arctic and Mountainous America 46 The three hand-fives-Basque, Circassian, and Nepalese fours' Georgian, Tibetan, Chinese, and other threes' How this 'two' is most completely preserved in the Tungusian and Caucasian dzur-and how Aryan, Turkish, and other 'fours', The Quichua 'right hand', 'leg', five', 'seven', and 'ten' Yeniseian 'fives-their affinities in other Turanian languages The Egyptian 'five' not derived from a word for hand', but from |