attempts to reach India by way of the
North-West passage, 363.
Frontier trade of India, 585-590.
Fruits, Varieties of, 490.

Funeral mounds and ceremonies of the
Sakyas and Buddhists in ancient India,
178.

G

Gáekwár, family name of the chief of
the Maráthá State of Baroda, rise of
the family, deposition of the late
Gáekwár, 322, 323; 426.
Game birds of India, 659, 660.
Gandamak, Treaty of, 426.
Ganges, The, 11; 16-32; its river sys-
tem and course, 16, 17; discharge, 17;
sanctity, 17, 18; the fertilizer and
highway of Bengal, 19, 20; traffic, 20,
21; great cities, 20, 21; different
stages in the life of the Ganges or any
great Indian river, 21-25; as a silt
collector, 21, 22; as a land-maker,
22, 23; section of a deltaic channel
of the Ganges, 23; combined delta of
the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the
Meghná, 24, 25; subterranean struc-
ture of the Gangetic delta, 26 and
footnote; silt brought down by Ganges
at Ghazipur, 27 and footnote; esti-
mated silt of united river system, 28;
age of the Bengal delta, 28; river
irrigation, 28; the Ganges and Jumna
Canals, 28, 29; Ganges floods, 29;
saline deposits, 29; changes of Ganges
channel, 30; deserted river capitals,
30; the bore' of the Ganges and
Meghná, 30, 31; the Goalánda rail-
way station washed away by the
Ganges, 31, 32; fluvial changes, allu-
vion and diluvion, 30-32; navigation
on the Ganges, 552.
Ganges Canals, 28, 29; 532, 533-
Gangetic historical and commercial cities,
20; deserted cities, 30.
Gánjá, Excise duty on, 455.

Gaulis, an ancient ruling race in the
Central Provinces, now a crushed tribe,
71.
Gautama Buddha, the founder of the
Buddhist religion, his life and doctrine.
-See BUDDHISM.

633, 634; peninsular In lia, 634-630:
the Vindhya system, 635; Gondwana
series, 635, 636; Pánchet and Talcher
group, 636; Damodar series and oth
fields, 636-638; Deccan trap and
laterite, 638, 639; precious stores
639; geological structure of Burna,
639, 640.

Ghakkars, a tribe in Rawal Pindi Ds

trict, their invasions of India, and ther
present descendants, 185.

Ghats, Eastern, mountain range alerg
the Eastern coast of India, 36; 38:
forests of, 39.

Ghats, Western, mountain range along
the Western coast of India, 36; the
Bhor Ghát pass, 36; Thal Ghat pass
37: Palghat pass, 37: rivers of the
Western Ghats, 37, 38; rainfall, 38;
forests, 39.

Gheriah, defeat of Mir Kásim at, by
Major Adams, 386.

Ghiyás-ud-din Tughlak, founder of the
Tughlak dynasty (1320-1324
283.

A.D.,

Ghor, Dynasty of (1152-1206 A.D.,
Muhammad of Ghor's invasions, tis
first defeats and ultimate conquest of
Northern India and Bengal, 275-
278.

Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman

Empire, quoted, 230 (footnote 1); 239
(footnote 2).

Gingi, Surrender of, by the French to
Sir Eyre Coote, 380.

Gipsy clans, 71.

Girls' schools, 478, 479.

Gita Govinda, The, or 'Divine Herds-
man,' the song of Krishna, 128.
Goa, Supposed relics of St. Thomas at,
238; John de Albuquerque, first bisbor
of (1539-53 A.D.), 244; establish-
ment of Archbishopric of, 245; Arch-
bishop Menezes (1596-99, 245:
jurisdiction of the Goa Archbishopric,
255, 256; capture of Goa by Alba-
querque (1510 A. D.), 359.

Goalanda railway station washed away ly
the Ganges, 31.

Godavari river, 37; irrigation works,
improvement of navigation on, 551,
552.

Goddard, General, his march across
India during the first Maratha wa,
391.

Golconda, Diamonds of, 41; 628.
Golconda, Muhammadan kingdom of
Southern India (1512-1688 A.D.), 288.
Gold and gold-mining in Southern India,
624, 625.

Gold and silver, imports of, 562, 568
569.
Goldsmith caste in Madras, 196.

Goldsmiths' and jewellers' work, 605,
606.

Gold-washing in Indian rivers, 624.
Gonds, aboriginal tribe in the Central
Provinces, 55; 71; 187; 189.
Gondwana, Geology of, 635, 636.
Gough, Lord, battles of Chilianwala and
Gujrát, 412, 413.

Governors, Governors General and
Viceroys of India (1757-1885 A.D.),
384.
Grammar of the Sindhi Language by

Dr. E. Trumpp, quoted, 335.
'Grand Army,' The, of Aurangzeb, and
its twenty years' campaign in the
Deccan, 308, 309.

'Grand Trunk Road' of India, The,
550.

Grant Duff's History of the Maráthás,
quoted, chap. xii. pp. 317-324, foot-
notes passim.

Greek influence on Indian art and archi-
tecture, 112; 170, 171.

Greeks in India, The (327 to 161 B.C.),
chap. vi. pp. 163-173. Early Greek
writers, 163; Megasthenes, the Greek
Ambassador to the Court of Chandra
Gupta, 163, 164; Alexander the
Great's expedition to India, 163-166;
his defeat of Porus, 164, 165; his ad-
vance through the Punjab and Sind, 165,
166; cities founded by Alexander, 164,
165; results of his Indian expedition,
166; Greek military settlements, 166;
cession of the Punjab and Sind to
Chandra Gupta by Seleukos, 167; Me-
gasthenes' embassy to Chandra Gupta's
Court, 163, 164; 167; the India
of Megasthenes, 168-170; ancient
petty Indian kingdoms, 170; Indo-
Greek treaty (256 B.C.), 170; later
Greek invasions of India, 170; Greek
influence on Indian art, 112; 170, 171;
Greek and Hindu types of sculpture,
171; Greeks in Bengal, 172; Greek
survivals in India, 172; the Yavanas,
172, 173.

Growth of trading and industrial cities
under the English, 556, 557.
Guaranteed railways, the eight great lines
of, 546, 547.
Gujrát, Battle of, 413.

in

Gunny bags, Exports of, 576; 614-616.
Gupta, ancient Indian dynasty
Northern India (319-470 A.D.); their
struggle with and overthrow by an
invasion of Scythians or White Huns,
182.

Gurkhas, War with the (1814-15), 400;
services during the Mutiny, 421.
Gwalari, mountain pass over the Brahui
hills from the Punjab into Baluchistán,
6.

H

723

Haas, Dr. E., Ueber die Ursprünge der
Indischen Medizin, mit besonderem
Bezug auf Susruta,' and 'Hippokrates
und die Indische Medizin des Mittel-
alters,' published in the Zeitschrift der
Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesell-
schaft for 1876 and 1877, quoted, 110
(footnote).

Hab river, the westernmost boundary of
India, separating Southern Sind from
Baluchistán, 3; 6, 7.

Haidar Ali, his wars with the British,
392.

Hála mountains, a southerly offshoot of

the Himalayas, marking a portion of
the western boundary of India, 3.
Hand-loom and steam-mill woven cotton,
601.

Hardinge, Lord, Governor-General of

India (1841-48), 410, 411; history
of the Sikhs and of the first Sikh war;
battles of Múdki, Firozshahr, Alíwál,
and Sobráon, 410, 411.
Hardy, Mr. Spence, Manual of Buddhism,
quoted, 137 (footnotes).

Harris, General, storming of Seringa-
patam, 397.

Hastings, Marquis of, Governor-General

of India (1814-23), 400-402; war
with Nepál and treaty of Segauli, with
cession of Himálayan tracts (1815),
400; Pindári war, 401; third and last
Maráthá war and annexation of the
Peshwa's dominions (1818), 401, 402.
Hastings, Warren (1772-85), 388-392;
his administrative reforms and policy
towards native powers, 388; first
Governor-General of India (1774),
388; makes Bengal pay, 389; sale of
Allahábád and Kora to the Wazir of
Oudh (1773), 390; the Rohilla war,
plunder of Chait Singh and the Oudh
Begams, 390, 391; Hastings' impeach-
ment and seven years' trial in England,
391; the poor excuse for his measures,
391; first Maráthá war and treaty of
Salbai, 391, 392; first war with
Mysore (1780-84), 392.

Haug, Dr., The Origin of Bráhmanism,
quoted, 212 (footnote 4).
Havelock, Sir Henry, defeat of the
Cawnpur mutineers, first relief of Luck-

now, 420.

Hawkins, Captain, Envoy from James 1.
and the East India Company to the
Court of the Great Mughal (1608 a. D.),
366.

Heber, Bishop of Calcutta (1823 - 26),
261.
Hekataios, the earliest Greek historian
who refers to India, 163.

High Courts of Justice in India, 433.
Hijili navigable canal in
District, 553.

Midnapur

Hill cultivation, 9; 486.
Hill forts (Maráthá) in the Deccan, 318.
Himalaya mountains, The, 4-10; the
double wall and trough, 5, 6; passes
and offshoots, 6; water-supply and
rainfall, 7; scenery, vegetation, irriga-
tion and products, 7-10; animals and
tribes, 10; geology, 631-633; meteor-
ology, 641, 642. See also TRANS-
HIMALAYAN TRADE.

Hindi literature and authors, 345, 346.
Hinduism, Rise of (750 to 1520 A.D.),
chap. viii. pp. 192-228. Disinte-
gration of Buddhism, 191; preaching
of Kumárila, 191; persecution of
Buddhism, 191, 192; caste and reli-
gion the twofold basis of Hinduism,
192; race origin of caste, 192; modi-
fied by occupation' and 'locality,'
192; complexity of caste, 192, 193;
the Brahman caste analyzed, 193, 194;
building of the caste system, 194; Hindu
marriage law, 195; ancient mingling
of castes, 195; 'occupation' basis of
caste, 196-199; the Vaisyas or ancient
cultivating caste, 196; the right-
hand' and 'left-hand' castes of Madras,
196, 197; the Dattas of Bengal,
197; Sháhas, Telis, and Tambulis
forcing their way to higher castes, 197;
caste, a system of trade-guilds, 197,
198; working of the Indian trade-
guild, its funds, charities, rewards,
and punishments, 198, 199; excom-
munication a penalty for a breach
of caste rules, 199, 200; the reli-
gious basis of Hinduism, its stages of
evolution, and how far influenced by
Buddhism, 200, 201; Beast hospitals,
201; monastic religious life, 201, 202;
analogies of Japanese worship to Hin-
duism and Christianity, 202; serpent
ornamentation in Buddhist, Hindu,
and Christian art, 202, 203; coalition
of Buddhism with earlier religions,
203; shrines common to various faiths,
203, 204; non- Aryan elements in
Hinduism, 204; phallic emblems in
Hinduism, 204, 205; fetish-worship
in Hinduism, 205, 206; the Sálgrám
or village deity, 206; jungle rites,
206, 207; non-Aryan religious rites
merging into Hinduism, 207; Bráh-
man founders of Hinduism, 207; low
caste apostles, 207, 208; medieval
Hindu saints, their miracles, 208;
Kabir's death, 208; Bráhman reli-
gious reformers, 209, 210; growth of
Siva-worship, 210-215; Siva - worship
in its philosophical and terrible aspects,

211; twofold aspects of Siva and of
Durga his queen, and their twofld
sets of names, 211, 212; human ar
fices as late as 1866, 212, 213: animis
substituted for human sacrifice, 213;
the Charak pujá or swinging festival,
213; the thirteen Sivaite sects, 213,
214; gradations of Siva-worship, 214
215; secret orgies of Sivaism, 213;
the right-hand' and • left-hand
forms of Siva - worship, 214, 215:
Siva and Vishnu compared, 215
Vishnu the Preserver always a frien
god, 215; his incarnations or atalari,
215 (and footnote); 216; the Vishn
Puránas, 216, 217; Brahmanical an!
popular Vishnuism, 217; Vishnute
religious reformers, 217-222; Ram
nuja, 217; Rámánand, 218; Kai,
218, 219; Chaitanya, 219-221;
Vallabha-Swámí, 221, 222; Krishna-
worship, 222, 223; the twenty chic
Vishnuite sects, 223; theistic move
ments in Hinduism, 223; the Sikhs
and Nának Shah, their spiritual founder,
223; Jagannath, the coalition of
Brahman and Buddhist doctrines
forming the basis of Vishnu - worst,
223, 224; Car festival of Jagannath,
224; bloodless worship of Jagannat,
self-immolation a calumny, 224-229:
gentle doctrines of Jagannath, 225;
religious nexus of Hinduism, 220:
practical faith of the Hindus, its toler
ance, 226, 227; the modern Hind
triad, 227; recapitulation, 228.
Hindu architecture, 112.
Hindu kingdoms of the Deccan, 286.
Hindu population of India, 51.—See also
Appendix V., 693.

Hindu Tribes and Castes, by the Rev.
M. A. Sherring, quoted, 193 (footnote
1); 194 (footnotes 2, 3, and 4); 15
(footnote 2): 221 (footnote 4).
Histoire du Christianisme des Indes,
La Croze, 232 (footnote 1); 20
(footnote 4); 241 (footnote 1); 24:
(footnotes).

Histoire de la Littérature Hindouit
Hindoustanie, by Garcin de Tasi.
343 and footnote.

History of Architecture, by Mr. J. Fe
gusson, quoted, 304 (footnotes).
History of British Rule (1757-1885 A.D.,
chap. xv. pp. 378-430. Madras, tie
first British territorial possession
India (1639), 378; Southern In
after the death of Aurangzeb (1707)
378; French and English in
Karnátik, 378; first French war r
capture of Madras by the Frezd
(1746), 379; second French war (179)
61), 379; Clive's defence of A

(1751), 379; Sir Eyre Coote's victory of
Wandewash (1760), 379; capitulation
of Pondicherri and Gingi, 380; the
English in Bengal (1634-96), 380;
native rulers of Bengal (1707-56),
Murshid Kuli Khán, Ali Vardi Khán,
and Siraj-ud-daulá, 380, 381; capture
of Calcutta by Siráj-ud-daulá (1756),
381; recapture of Calcutta and
battle of Plassey, 382; Mír Jáfar (1757-
61), 383-385; Zamindári grant of the
Twenty-four Parganás, 383; Clive's
Jágir, 383, 384; Clive, Governor
of Bengal, 384; deposition of Mir
Jáfar and enthronement of Mír Kásim
(1761), 385; Mír Kásim's quarrel
with the English, and massacre of
Patná, 385, 386; first Sepoy Mutiny
(1764), 386; battle of Baxar (1764),
386; Clive's second Governorship
(1765-67), partition of the Gangetic
valley, the Díwání grant of Bengal,
and reorganization of the Company's
service, 386, 387; dual system of ad-
ministration (1767-72), abolished by
Warren Hastings, 387, 388; Warren
Hastings' administration (1772-85),
388-392; his administrative reforms,
and policy with native powers, 388;
Warren Hastings, the first Governor-
General of India (1774), 388; his
financial administration, and sale of
Allahábád and Kora to the Wazir
of Oudh, 389, 390; withholds the
Emperor's tribute, 390; the Rohillá
war (1773-74), 390; plunder of Chait
Singh and of the Oudh Begams, 390;
charges against Hastings and his im-
peachment, 392; the first Maráthá and
Mysore wars, 392, 393; Lord Corn-
wallis' administration (1786-93), his
revenue reforms, the Permanent Settle-
ment of Bengal, and second Mysore
war, 393, 394; Sir John Shore (1793-
98), 394; Lord Wellesley's administra-
tion (1798-1805), 394-399; French
influence in India, 394; state of India
before Lord Wellesley, 395; Lord
Wellesley's scheme for crushing French
influence in India, 395, 396; treaties
of Lucknow and with the Nizám, 396;
third Mysore war and fall of Seringa-
patam, 396, 397; Wellesley's dealings
with the Maráthás, and the second
Maráthá war, 397, 398; British victories
and annexations (1803); British dis-
asters, Colonel Monson's retreat, and
General Lake's repulse before Bhartpur
(1804-05), 398; India on Lord Welles-
ley's departure (1805), 398, 399; Lord
Cornwallis' second administration as
Governor-General (1805), 399; Sir
George Barlow (1805), 399; Earl of

725

Gates

Minto's administration (1807-13), his
embassies to the Punjab, Afghánistán,
and Persia, 399, 400; Marquis of
Hastings' administration (1814-23), the
Nepál war and treaty of Segaulí, the
Pindari campaign, the third and last
Maráthá war, and annexation of the
Peshwa's territories, 400-402; Mr.
Adam, pro tem. Governor-General
(1823), 403; Lord Amherst (1823-28),
Burmese encroachments on India, first
Burmese war and annexation of Assam,
Arakan, and Tenasserim, 403, 404;
capture of Bhartpur, 404; Lord William
Bentinck (1828-35), his financial re-
forms, abolition of Sati, suppression of
Thagi and cruel rites, renewal of Com-
pany's Charter, Mysore taken under
British administration, and Coorg
annexed, 404-406; Sir Charles Metcalfe
(1835-36), the grant of liberty to the
Press, 406; Lord Auckland (1836-
42), our early dealings with Kábul,
and the disastrous Afghán campaign,
and annihilation of our army, 406-408;
Earl of Ellenborough (1842-44), the
Kábul army of retribution, the
of Somnath' travesty, annexation of
Sind, and Gwalior outbreak, 408, 409;
Lord Hardinge (1844-48), the first
Sikh war and annexation of the
Cis-Sutlej tract, 410, 411; Earl of
Dalhousie (1848-56), 411-417; his
administrative reforms and public
works, 412; second Sikh war and
annexation and pacification of the
Punjab, 412, 413; second Burmese
war and annexation of Pegu, 413,
414; Lord Dalhousie's dealings with
the Native States, the doctrine of
'Lapse' in the case of Satára, Jhansi,
and Nagpur States, 414, 415: Berar
handed over by the Nizám of Haidará-
bád, as a territorial guarantee for arrears
of subsidies and for the payment of the
Haidarábád contingent, 415; annexa-
tion of Oudh and Lord Dalhousie's
grounds for the measure, 415-417;
Earl Canning (1856-62), 417-424;
the Sepoy Mutiny and its causes, 417-
419; the outbreak at Meerut and Delhi,
and spread of the Mutiny, 419;
loyalty of the Sikhs, 419, 420; the
siege of Cawnpur and massacre of the
survivors, 420; Lucknow, 420, 421;
siege and capture of Delhi, 421; re-
duction of Oudh by Lord Clyde, and of
Central India by Sir Hugh Rose, 421,
422; India transferred to the Crown,
the Queen's Proclamation and general
amnesty, 423, 424; Lord Canning's
financial and legal reforms, 424; Lord
Elgin (1862-63), his death at Dharin-

sála, 424; Lord Lawrence (1864-69),
the Bhután war and Orissa famine,
424, 425; Lord Mayo (1869-72), the
Ambála Darbár; internal and finan-
cial reforms, and abolition of inland
customs lines, his assassination, 425;
Lord Northbrook (1872-76), the
Bengal famine of 1874, dethronement
of the Gaekwár of Baroda, and visit of
the Prince of Wales to India, 425, 426;
Lord Lytton (1876-80), Proclamation
of the Queen as Empress of India,
famine of 1877-78; the second Afghán
campaign, 426, 427; Lord Kipon
(1880-84); end of the second Afghán
campaign, rendition of Mysore to its
hereditary Hindu dynasty, internal
administration reforms, local Govern-
ment Acts, amendment of Criminal
Procedure, reconstitution of the Agri-
cultural Department, revenue reforms,
the Education Commission, abolition
of customs duties, Bengal Tenancy
Bill, 427-429; Earl of Dufferin (1884),
430; annexation of Upper Burma
(1886), 430.

History of British India, by J. Mill,
quoted, 314 (footnote 3); 365 (foot-
note 2).

History of India, by the Hon. Mount-
stuart Elphinstone, quoted, 270 (foot-
note); 291 (footnote); 300 (footnote);
302 (footnotes); 306 (footnote 1).
History of India as told by its own
Historians, by Sir Henry Elliot,
quoted, 271; 287 (footnote 2); 291
(footnotes); 295 (footnote 2); 300
(footnote); 302 (footnote 2); 306
(footnote 1); 313 (footnote).

History of the Settlements and Trade of
the Europeans in the East and West
Indies, by Abbé Raynal, quoted, 374
(footnote).

History of the French in India, by
Colonel Malleson, 379 (footnote).
History of the Maráthás, by James Grant

Duff, quoted, chap. xii. pp. 317-324,
footnotes, passim.

History of the Maráthás, by E. Scott
Waring, quoted, 317 (footnote 1).
Hiuen Tsiang, Chinese Buddhist pilgrim,
2; 155 and footnote; 156, 157; 178,
179; 182.

Hog, wild, The, 656, 657.

Holkar, family name of the Chief of the
Maráthá State of Indore; rise of the
family to power, 322; war with the
British, 323.

Horses, Breeds of, 520; Government
studs, 520; horse fairs, 521.
Húgli, East India Company's factory
established at (1640), 369; oppressed
by the Mughal governor, 370.

Human sacrifice among the Kandhs, 2:
in Siva - worship, 212; substitute of
animals for human offerings, 213.
Humáyún, second Mughal Emperor of
Delhi (1530-56 A.D.), 290, 291: ex-
pulsion from India by his Afghan
governor of Bengal (1540), 291; s
sequent recovery of the throne by the
second battle of Panipat, 291.

I

Ibráhím Lodi, Defeat and overthrow of,
by Bábar at the first battle of Panjat
(1526 A.D.), 290.

Imad Shahi, Muhammadan dynasty of
Southern India (1484-1572), 288.
Immobility of the Indian peasant, 47-
Impediments to improved husbandry,

namely, want of cattle, want of manare,
and want of water, 517-519.

Import trade of India, analysis an
principal staples of, 565-568; coasting
imports and exports, 554-586.
Incarnations of Vishnu, 215, 216 and
footnote.

Income and expenditure of British Ind
465-470.

Increase of population between 1872 and
1881, 47; 49, 50.

Independent Nayaks and Pálegárs of
Southern India, 288.

India on the eve of the Mughal conquist
(1526 A.D.), 290.

India, origin of the name, 1-3.
Indian Caste, by Dr. J. Wilson, quoted.

194 (footnote 1); 195 (footnote 2];
196 (footnote 1).

Indian products mentioned in the Bible,
163.

Indian Society as described by Megas-
thenes (300 B.C.), 168, 169.
Indian vernaculars and their literature,
chap. xiii. pp. 325-355. Asiatic
civilisation of India as found by the
early European powers, 325, 320;
India in the 1st and the 16th centuries
A.D., 326, 327; the Dravidians or non-
Aryans, their language and its place
in philology, 326-328; the Dravi-
dians in Sanskrit literature, 328; pre-
Aryan Dravidian civilisation, 328:
Brahmanic influence on the Dravidians,
329, 330; development of Dravidian
speech into vernacular literatures, 330;
the Tamil language, 330, 331; Jain
cycle of Tamil literature, 331; the
Tamil Rámáyana, 331, 332; Sivaite
and Vishnuite Tamil hymnology, 332,
333; modern Tamil writers, 333:
Beschi, the Jesuit Tamil scholar, 333;
recent statistics of Tamil literature,