Amboyna, massacre of, 362; 368; 561.
Amherst, Lord, Governor-General of
India (1823-28), first Burmese war
(1824-26); capture of Bhartpur, 403,

404.

Amir Khán, the Pindárí leader (r8r7),

404.

An or Aeng, Pass over the Arakan Yoma

Mountains in Burma, 6.
Analysis of the Constitution of the East
Inia Company, by P. Auber, quoted,
364, 365 (footnotes).

Analysis of Indian foreign import and
export trade, principal staples, 565-
581.

Ancient India as described by Megas-
thenes and Arrian, by Mr. J. M'Crin-
dle, quoted, 168 (footnote 1), 356
(footnote).

Ancient land system of India, 438.
Ancient mingling of castes, 195, 196.
Andaman Islanders, The, 55; assassina-
tion of Lord Mayo at Port Blair, 425.
Anecdota Oxoniensia, Aryan series, 102
and footnote.

Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, by
Colonel Tod, quoted, 180 (footnotes

I and 3); 184 (footnote 2); 185 (foot-
notes I and 3).

Antelope and deer, Varieties of, 657,
658.

Antimony, 626.

Arab expeditions to Bombay and Sind
(636-828 A. D.), 263.

Arakan Oil Company, 626, 627.

Arakan Yomas, range of hills in Burma, 3.
Archæological Survey of Western India,

Mr. E. Thomas' Papers in, quoted, 147
(footnote); 172 (footnotes); 175 (foot-
note 3); 182 (footnotes I and 4); 185
(footnote 4).

Architecture, ancient Indian, 112; 170;
under the Mughal Emperors, 294,
304.

Arcot, capture and defence of, by Clive

(1751), 379; rival French and English
nominees for the throne of, 379.
Area, towns, villages, houses, population,
etc., of British India, Appendix I.,
689.

Argáum, Battle of, 323; 398.
Armagáon, East India Company's fac-
tory established at (1625-26 A.D.),
368.

Army of India, its constitution, 470, 471;
the armies of the three Presidencies,
471; strength, 471; health and vital
statistics, 675-684.

Art and architecture in ancient India,
112; 170, 171.

Arts and manufactures, 112, 113, also
chap. xx. pp. 598-617. English com-
petition with native art-work, 598;

707

native rural industries, 599; forti-
fied weaving settlements of the East
India Company, 599; cotton-weaving
an indigenous industry in India, 599;
its decline, but still a domestic industry
supplying three-fifths of the Indian
consumption, 600; cotton-weaving in
different Provinces, 600, 601; special
Indian cotton fabrics, 601-603; Indian
silk-weaving in Burma, Assam, and
Bengal, 602; classes of silk fabrics,
602, 603; steam silk factories, 603;
embroidery, 603; Kashmir shawls,
603; leather work, 603; velvet work,
603; jewelled embroidery, 604; carpets
and rugs, 604, 605; goldsmith's work
and jewellery, 605, 606; precious
stones, 606; iron work and cutlery,
606; chain armour and damascene
work, 606, 607; brass, copper, and
bell-metal work, 607, 608; pottery
and tile work, 608; sculpture, 608;
609; wood carving, 609; inlaying
and ivory carving, 609; European
industries, cotton mills, 610-615; jute
mills, 614-616; breweries, 616, 617;
paper mills, 617; leather factories,
617.

Arvan and Turanian migrations from
Central Asia, 174, 175; 130, 131.
Aryan races of India, number in 1881,
51. Also chap. iv. pp. 75-131. The
Aryan stock, its European and Eastern
branches, 75; the Aryans in their pri-
mitive home, 75, 76; European and
Indian languages merely varieties
of Aryan speech, 76; Indo-European
words, 76; common origin of Euro-
pean and Indian religions, 76; the
Indo-Aryans on the march, and in
their new settlements, 76, 77; the
Rig-Veda, its supposed dates, 77;
Vedic hymns, 78; caste and widow-
burning unknown to the Rig-Veda,
78; Aryan civilisation in the Veda, 79;
eastern spread of the Aryans, 79; the
gods of the Veda, 79; Indra, the Cloud
Compeller or rain-bringer, and Agni,
the God of Fire, 80, 81; other Vedic
gods, 81; the Bráhmanical triad, 81;
blood-loving deities of Hinduism
scarcely known in the Veda, 82; the
Horse Sacrifice a substitution for
Human Sacrifice, 82; Vedic conceptions
of the Deity, 82; a Vedic hymn, 82,
83; primitive Aryan burial, 84; burn-
ing of the dead, 84, 85; Vedic legend
of Yama, the King of Death, 85;
Vedic farewell to the dead, 85; Vedic
conception of immortality, 86; Aryan
advance towards the Jumna and Upper
Ganges, 86; Aryan tribes organized
into kingdoms, 87; origin of priestly

families, 87; growth of the priest-
hood, 87, 88; the four Vedas, 88; the
Brahmanas, 88, 89; the Sútras or
sacred traditions, 89; formation
of the Brahman caste, 89; growth
of the warrior or Kshattriya caste,
89, 90; the cultivating caste (Vaisya),
90; the four Hindu castes, 90, 91;
increase of Brahman, Kshattriya, and
Súdra castes, 91; decrease of Vaisyas,
91, 92; struggle between the priestly
and warrior castes, 92; rising preten-
sion of the Brahmans, 92; well-known
prehistoric legends of Kshattriyas attain-
ing Bráhmanhood, 92, 93; the Middle-
land, the focus of Brahmanisn, 93;
Aryan tribes outside the Brahmanical
pale, 93; establishment of Brahman
supremacy, 94; four stages of a
Brahman's life, 95; the Brahman rule
of life and its hereditary results on
the caste, 96; work done by Brahmans
for India, 97; Bráhman theology, 97;
the post-Vedic gods, 97, 98; the
Hindu triad, 98; Brahman philosophy,
its six darsanas or schools, 98, 99;
summary of Bráhman religion, Ico;
Brahman science, 100; Sanskrit gram-
mar, 100, 101; Sanskrit and Prakrit
speech, 101; Sanskrit manuscripts, 102;
the Indian alphabets, 102, 103; Sans-
krit writings almost entirely in verse,
103; prose, a forgotten art, 103, 104;
Sanskrit dictionaries, 104; Brahman
astronomy, 104-106; Bráhman mathe-
matics, 106; Bráhman medicine, 106-
IIO; Indian surgery, 107, 108;
Buddhist public hospitals, 108, 109;
decline of Hindu medicine, 109; Eng-
lish Medical Colleges, 108, 109; verna-
cular medical publications, 110; Hindu
art of war, 110; Indian music, 110-
112; Indian architecture, 112; Indian
decorative art and painting, 112, 113;
Brahman law, 113-118; code of Manu,
113, 114; code of Yajnavalkya, 114,
115; scope of Indian law, its rigid caste
system, 115, 116; growth of Hindu
law, 116; its incorporation of local
customs, 117; perils of modern codi-
fication, 117, 118; secular literature
of the Hindus, 118-129; the Mahá-
bhárata, 118-122; the Rámáyana,
122-125; age of the Sanskrit drama,
125, 126; Sakuntala and other Hindu
dramas, 126, 127; the Hindu novel,
127; Beast stories, 127; Sanskrit
lyric poetry, 128; the Puránas, 128,
129; Indian modern vernacular litera-
ture, 129; intellectual and religious
development of the early Aryans,
129, 130; the Bráhmans in Indian
history, and attacks on Brahmanism

from the 6th to the 19th century, 15%
131.

Aryan influences on the Dravidian races,
329, 330; the modern Aryan verta-
culars of India, 334-355-

Asiatic non-Indian population of Bris
India, Appendix VI., 694.
Asoka, Buddhist King of Magadha or
Behar (257 B.C.), 144-147; his Great
Council (244 B.C.), 144; his Rock
and Cave Edicts, 145 and footnote:
his Department of Public Worship.
145; his missionary efforts and doc-
trinal code, 145; character of the Rock
Edicts, 146, 147 and footnote.
Assam, unsuccessful invasion of by
Aurangzeb's general, Mir Jumla, 309:
expulsion of the Burmese from, and
annexation of Assam to British terri-
tories (1826), 404; yearly settlement
of the land revenue, 445; frontier
trade of, 588-590.

Assaye, Battle of, 323; 398.
"Assisted" railways in India, 548.
Astronomy, Brahmanical system of, 104-
106; astronomy of the Vedas, 104:
Greek influences on Indian astronomy,
105; decay of astronomical science
under Muhammadan rule, 105; Raj
Jai Singh's observatories in the 183
century, 105, 106.

Aswamedha or Great Horse Sacrifice of
ancient India, 82; connection of the

Horse Sacrifice with the Human Sacri-
fice of pre-Buddhistic times, 175, 176.
Atharva-Veda, The, 88.

Atrai, river of Bengal; its changes of
course, 30.

Auber's Analysis of the Constitution of
the East India Company, quoted, 364.
365 (footnotes).

Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of
India (1836-42), 406-409; Afghi
affairs and our early dealings with
Kábul, 406, 407; Dost Muhammad,
Afghán dynastic wars, 407; Russinn.
influences in Afghánistán and the in-
stallation of Shah Shujá and occupa-
tion of Kabul by a British force, 407.
408; rising of the Afghán people, and
massacre of the British army en its
retreat to India, 408.
Aurangzeb, sixth Mughal Emperor of
India (1658-1707 A.D.), 305-312; Lis
rebellion and usurpation of the throne,
305, 306; chief events of his reign.
306, 307 and footnote; murder of his
brothers, 307; conquests in Southern
India, 307; rise of the Maráthá power,
307, 308; Aurangzeb's Grand Army
and twenty years' guerilla war with
the Maráthás, 308, 309; his despair
and death, 309; unsuccessful expedi-

tion to Assam, 309; his bigotry and
persecution of the Hindus, 309; revolt
of the Rajputs, 309, 310; revenues
of the Empire, 310, 311; Aurangzeb's
character, 312.

Australia, India's trade with, 578, 579.
Avatars or Incarnations of Vishnu, 215,
216 (footnote 3).

B

Bábar, first Mughal Emperor of Delhi,
(1526-30 A.D.), early life, defeat
and overthrow of Ibráhím Lodi at
Pánípat; conquest of Northern India,

290, 291.

Bahmani, Muhammadan dynasty in
Southern India (1347-1525 A.D.), 287.
Bairam Khán, regent of the Mughal
Empire during the early years of
Akbar's reign, 291, 292.
Bájí Ráo, second Maráthá Peshwa
(1721-40 A.D.); his conquest of the
Deccan and Málwá from the Mughals,
and capture of Bassein from the Portu-
guese, 320.

Baji Rao II., seventh and last Maráthá
Peshwá (1795-1818), 323; second and
third Maráthá wars, and annexation
of the Peshwa's territories, 323, 324.
Bálají Bájí Ráo, third Maráthá Peshwá
(1740-61); his expeditions to Bengal
and to the Punjab; defeat of, by
Ahmad Shah Durání at the third battle
of Panipat, 320, 321.
Bálají Viswanath, first Maráthá Peshwa
(1718-20), extorts chauth from the
Delhi Emperor for the Deccan, 320.
Balance-sheet of British India, 465, 466.
Balance of trade (India's), 558, 559; Sir
R. Temple's Minute on, 581-583.
Balasor, East India Company's factory
founded at (1642 A.D.), 369.
Balban, the last King but one of the
Slave dynasty (1265-87 A.D.); his
cruelties to the Hindus; Rájput revolts
and Mughal inroads; his fifteen royal
pensioners, 280.
Ballantyne, Dr., The Sánkhya Aphorisms
of Kapila, quoted, 154 (footnote 1).
Bánkipur, old settlement of the Ostend
East India Company on the Húgli
between Calcutta and Chinsurah; its
destruction by the Muhammadans
(1753), 374.

Bantam, a Presidency of the East India
Company in Java, 368, 369.
Baptist Mission of Carey, Marshman, and
Ward at Serampur, 260.
Barák river, Steam Navigation on, 552.
Barákhar coal seams, 637.
Bari Doáb Canal, 29; 532, 533.

709

Barid Sháhí, Muhammadan dynasty of
Southern India (1492-1657 A.D.), 288.
Barlaam and Josaphat (Saints). Legend
of, and its analogies with that of
Buddha, 151, 152.

Barlow, Sir George, ad interim Gover-
nor - General (1805-07); Mutiny of
Vellore, 399.

Baroda, Maráthá State of Western India,
322, 323; deposition of the late Gáek-
wár for an attempt to poison the British
Resident at his Court, 323; 426.
Bartholomew the Apostle, his preachings
in India certified by Pantænus the
Alexandrian (2nd century A.D.), 235;
conversion of India proper ascribed to
St. Bartholomew, and of Persia and
Central Asia to St. Thomas, according
to Hippolytus (220 A.D.), 235.
Barth's Religions of India, quoted, 161
(footnote 2); and his Revue de l'His-
toire des Religions, quoted, 161 (foot-
note 2).

Bassein, capture of, from the Portuguese
by the Maráthás, 320; treaty of, at
the conclusion of the second Maráthá
war, 323.

Baxar, defeat of the Mughal and Oudh
armies at, by Major Munro, 386.
Beal, Samuel, Si-yu-ki, or Buddhist Re-
cord of the Western World, translated
from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang,
quoted, 2 (footnote); 137 (footnote 2);
154, 155 (footnote 3); 155 (footnote
2); 175 (footnote 1); Catena of Bud-
dhist Scriptures from the Chinese, 142
(footnotes); 147 (footnote 2); 151
(footnote 1); 157 (footnote 2); 204
(footnote 2).

Beames, Mr. John, Comparative Gram-
mar of the Modern Aryan Languages
of India, 67 (footnote); 103 (footnote);
335 and footnote; 337 (footnote 2);
339 and footnote.

Bears, Species in India of, 655.

Beast stories and fables, 127; beast
hospitals, 201.

Bediyás, a semi-Hinduized gipsy clan of
Lower Bengal, 71.
Bells, manufacture of, 607.
Benfey, Professor, article Indien' (pub-
lished in Ersch and Gruber's Encyclo-
pudie), quoted, 110 (footnote 2).
Bengal, early English settlements in,
368-385; first permission to trade
(1634 A.D.), 368; factories at Húgli,
Balasor, and Kásimbázár, 369, 370;
Bengal separated from Madras, 370;
English in Bengal and their early
factories, 380; native rulers of Bengal
(1707-56), Murshid Kúli Khán, Ali
Vardi Khán, and Siráj-ud-daulá, 38o,
381; capture of Calcutta, the Black

Hole,' and battle of Plassey, 381,
382; Mir Jafar (1757-60), 383; 385;
Permanent Settlement of (1793),
441-445.

Bengali literature and authors, 346-354;
geographical area and linguistic feat-
ures of the Bengali language, 347;
Sanskritizing tendency of Bengalí, 347;
the three periods of Bengali litera-
ture, 347, 348; court poets of Bengal
in the 14th and 15th centuries, 348;
Vishnuite and Sivaite religious poetry,
349, 350; Makunda Rám and the
stories of Kálketu, and the Srimanta
Sadagar, 350, 351; Kási Rám Das,
the translator of the Mahábhárata, 351;
Rám Prasad, court poet of Nadiya in
the 18th century, 352; Bengali prose
in the 19th century, and modern Ben-
gali poets and authors, 353, 354.
Bentinck, Lord William, Governor-

General of India (1828-35), 404-406;
his financial reforms, abolition of Sati,
suppression of Thagi, 405; the renewal
of the Company's Charter, 405, 406;
Mysore taken under British adminis
tration, and Coorg annexed, 406.
Berars handed over to the British by the
Nizám as a territorial guarantee for his
arrears of subsidy and for the pay of
the Haidarábád contingent, 415.
Beschi, Père, Jesuit missionary and
scholar, 245; 253; 333.

Betwá Canal, a famine insurance work,
533.

Bhagirathi, the name of the source and
head-waters of the Ganges, 16.
Bhakta-Mála, the Hindu Acta Sanc-
torum, 208.

Bharat Chandra Rái, famous Bengali

poet of the 18th century, 352.
Bhars, an aboriginal and formerly domi-
nant race in Oudh, now a crushed
tribe, 71; 187; present descendants
of, 187.

Bhartpur, repulse of Lord Lake before,
398; capture of, by Lord Comber-
mere, 404.

Bhils, aboriginal tribe of Khandesh and
Rájputána, formerly a predatory clan,
now largely converted into peaceable
cultivators and loyal soldiers, 72,
73.
Bhonsla, family name of the Maráthá

Chiefs of Nagpur, lapsed to the British
for want of heirs in 1853, 322.
Bhor Ghát, mountain pass in the
Western Ghats, 36; 550.

Bhután, war with (1864-65), 424, 425;
trade with (1883), 588-590.

Bidar, Muhammadan Kingdom of
Southern India (1492 1657 A.D.),
288.

Bidari work, damascening of silver on
bronze, 607.

Bidyápatí Thákur, Court poet of Tirit
in the 14th century, 348.
Bigandet, Bishop, Life or Legend
Gaudama, quoted, 137 (footnote); 160
(footnote 3).

Bihárí Lál, Hindi poet of the 17th
century, and composer of the Satsai
345.

Bijapur, Muhammadan Kingdom of
Southern India (1489-1688 A.D., 288.
Biliapatam, East India Company's factory
started at (1661 A.D.), 370.

Bird, Miss, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,
quoted, 152 (footnote 3); 202 (
note 1); 224 (footnote 3).
Birds of prey, 659.

Birdwood, Sir G., Handbook to the British
Indian Section of the Paris Exhibitur
of 1878, quoted, 163 (footnote 2 :
Report on the Miscellaneous Old K
cords in the India Office, quoted, 359
(footnote 2); 360; 364 (footnotes I
and 2); 368 (footnote); 370 (footnote).
Bison, The Indian, 658.

Black Hole, The tragedy of the, at Cal-
cutta (1756), 381.

Black-Skins or non-Aryans, described by
the Aryans, 53, 54.

Blochmann, Professor H., translation of
the Ain-i-Akbarí, 272 (footnote); 291
(footnote 1); 295 (footnotes).
Boats, Bridges of, 551.

Bolán, mountain pass over the Brahi
hills, between Sind and Afghanistan, 6.
Bombay, ceded to the East India Company
(1661 A.D.), 370; made a Presidency
(1684-87), 370; the main centre of
Indian foreign trade, 560.

Book-binding and illumination, 112, 113-
Bore, The, or tidal wave in the Hugli
and Meghná, 30, 31.

Boronga Oil-refining Company in Akyab,
627.
Boscawen, Admiral, his ineffectual siege
of Pondicherri (1748), 379.
Botany of India, 662-664.
Boundaries of India, 3, 4.

Brahma, the Creator, the first person in
the Hindu triad, 98.

Brahman founders of Hinduism, 207.
Brahmanas, sacred Sanskrit writings ex-
planatory of the sacrifices and duties of
the priests, etc., 88, 89.
Brahmanical castes, north and south of
the Vindhyas, 193, 194 and footnote.
Brahmans, the priestly caste of ancient
India, 87-100; origin of priestly
families, 87; growth of the priesthood,
87, 88; the Brahman caste fully
formed, 89, 90; struggle between the
priestly and warrior castes, and ultimate

supremacy of the Brahmans, 92-94;
Viswamitra the Kshattriya, and
Vasishtha the Bráhman, 92, 93; the
four stages of a Brahman's life, 95;
Brahman rule of life and its hereditary
results on caste, 95, 96; Brahman
theology, the post-Vedic gods, 97, 98;
the Hindu triad, 98; the six darsanas
or Brahman schools of philosophy,
98, 99; Sanskrit grammar and speech,
100, 101; Sanskrit manuscripts and
dictionaries, 101-104; Bráhman astro-
nomy, 104-106; mathematics, 106;
medicine, 106-110; war, 110; music,
110-112; architecture and decorative
art, 112, 113; painting, 113; law,
113-118; secular literature, the epics,
118-124; poetry and the drama, 125,
126; novels, Beast stories and fables,
127, 128; post-Vedic theological
literature, the Puránas, 128, 129;
modern Indian literature, 129; attacks
on Brahmanism from the 6th century
B.C. to the 19th century A. D., 130, 131;
the Brahman caste analyzed, 193, 194.
Brahmaputra, one of the great rivers of
India, 13-16; its course and tributaries,
13; discharge, 13, 14; silt islands, 14,
15; changes in course, 15; traffic, 15,
16; junction of Ganges, Brahmaputra,
and Meghná, 24; their combined delta
and estuaries, 24, 25; alluvial deposits
of the Brahmaputra, 27; steam navi-
gation on, 552.

Brahui hills, a southern offshoot of the
north-western Himálayas, marking a
portion of the boundary between India
and Baluchistán, 7.

Brandreth, Mr. E. L., Papers on the
Gaurian languages, published in the
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
vol. x. pp. 64-66 (footnotes), vols. xi.
and xii., 103.
Brass and copper work, 607.
Breweries, 616, 617.
Bridges of boats, 551.
Briggs', Lieutenant-Colonel, Translation
of Firishta's History of the Rise of the
Muhammadan Power in India, 271;
273 (footnote); 285 (footnotes 2 and 4);
287 (footnote); 291 (footnotes).
British Administration of India, chap.

xvi. pp. 431-481. Control of India
in England under the Company and
under the Crown, 431; Council of the
Secretary of State, 431; the Viceroy
and Governor-General in Council, 431,
432; Executive and Legislative Coun-
cils, 432, 433; High Courts of Jus-
tice, 433; Law of British India, 433,
434; Provincial administration, 434,
435; 'Regulation' and 'Non-Regula-
tion' territory, 435; duties of District

711

Officers, 435, 436; Districts, number
of, in India, 436, 437; the Secretariats
of the Government of India and of the
Local Governments, 437, 438; the
land-tax, 438-452; ancient land sys-
tem of India, 438; the Musalmán land-
tax, 439; the Zamindár made landlord,
439; landed property in India, and
the growth of private rights, 439, 440;
rates of assessment, Government share
of the crop, 441; methods of assess-
ment, 440, 441; the Permanent Settle-
ment of Bengal, creation of proprietors
by law, 441, 442; intermediate tenure-
holders, 443; Statistical Survey of
Bengal, 443; oppression of the cultiva
tors, 443; Land Law of 1859, 443, 444;
subsequent enhancements of rent and
appointment of a Rent Commission, 444,
445; its recommendations, three years'
tenant right, and compensation for
disturbance, 444, 445; Orissa tem-
porary Settlement, 445; Assam yearly
Settlement, 445; ráyatwári Settlement
in Madras, 445, 446; Sir Thomas
Munro's method of assessment, 446;
Permanent Settlement in estates of
zamindars and native chiefs in Madras,
446, 447; growth of cultivators into
proprietors in Madras, and extension of
tillage, 447; reduction of average land-
tax in Madras, 448; Bombay land
system, the survey tenure,' its advan-
tages and disadvantages, 448, 449;
debts of the Deccan peasant, 449;
Bombay Agricultural Relief Acts of
1879 and 1881, and rural insolvency
procedure, 449, 450; land Settlement
in the North-Western Provinces and
Oudh, corporate holdings, 451; land
system of Oudh, the Talukdárs, 451,
452; land system of the Central Pro-
vinces, 452; land revenue of British
India, 452; salt administration, sources
of salt supply, and realization of salt
duty, 452, 453; working of the salt
monopoly, 453, 454; process of salt
manufacture, 444; excise on country
spirits, rice - beer, opium, gánjá, and
charas, 454, 455; municipal adminis-
tration and statistics, 455-457; Im-
perial finance, and the business' of
the Indian Government, 457, 458;
changes in systems of account and the
obscurities resulting therefrom, 458,
459; gross and net taxation of British
India, 459-461; English and Indian
taxation, 459-461; Indian taxation
under the Mughals and under the
British, 462, 463; incidence of taxa-
tion in Native States and British terri-
tory, 463-465; gross balance-sheet of
British India, and analysis of Indian