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CHAPTER XIV.
-
Temple of the Maharaja of Benares at Rámnagar. — Raja
Cheit Singh's Tank.-Virtue of Pilgrimage to the Rámnagar
side of Benares.-Temple of Vedavyás.-Panch-kosí Road, or
Sacred Boundary of Benares.-Pilgrimage of the Panch-kosí.
-Sanitary condition of Benares.-Improvements suggested. . 169
CHAPTER XV.
Barna Sangam, or Confluence of the Barna and Ganges.-
Ad-keśav Temple.-Barna Ghát.-Ráj Ghat Fort; its use in
1857. Remains of Buddhist Monastery.-Tank of Bhairo.-
Lát or Pillar of S'iva.-Ancient Pillar.-Account of Dis-
turbance in Benares when the Pillar was thrown down.-The
Ghazeepore Road.-Ancient Bridge over the Barna
CHAPTER XVI.
. . 184
Sivála Ghát.-The Old Fort.-Raja Cheit Singh; History
of his Insurrection and of the proceedings of Warren Hastings
in connexion therewith
1 197
CHAPTER XVII.
Hindu and Mohammedan Melás or Religious Festivals, held
periodically, in Benares
. . 213
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Buddhist Ruins at Sárnáth-Their Antiquity.-Sum-
mary of the Narratives of Fa Hian and Hiouen Thsang,
respecting the buildings formerly existing at Sárnáth and in
its neighbourhood.-Points of agreement in the Narratives.-
Modern Explorers of the Ruins.-Extent and Nature of the
Remains. The Great Tower: Description of it by Major-
General Cunningham, and account of his Excavations.-Age
of Buddhist Topes or Towers.-Remains of a Buddhist Mon-
astery-Mr. Thomas's Account of them.-Discovery of large
numbers of Statues and Bass-reliefs.-Excavated Chamber.-
Foundation of an Ancient Tower-Major-General Cunning-
ham's Description of it.-The Chaukandí Tower.—The l'śipat-
tana Hall, or abode of Buddhist Devotees.-Remains of Vihára
or Temple-monastery.-Small Building, containing Sixty Sculp-
tures.-The Seal Chaityas.-The Buddhist Formula.-Sákya
Muni, the historical Buddha-His visit to Benares.-Spread of
Buddhism from Benares.-Decline of Buddhism in India.-
Destruction of Buddhist Structures at Sárnáth, by fire.—Fall of
Buddhism
230
CHAPTER XIX.
Ancient Buddhist Ruins at Bakaríyá Kunḍ.-Remains of old
Wall.-Carved Stones and 'Ancient Pillars.-Remains of small
Buddhist Temple. - Remains of larger Temple. - Traces of
Buddhist Monastery
271
CHAPTER XX.
Further Account of Ancient Remains recently discovered in
Benares and its vicinity.-Meaning of the epithets 'ancient' and
'old' in relation to Benares.-Ancient Remains, No. I., in Ráj
Ghát Fort.-Ancient Remains, No. II., near Ráj Ghát Fort.—
Ancient Remains, No. III., Small Mosque in the Budáon
Mahalla. Ancient Mound or Ridge.-Ancient Remains, No.
IV., Tiliyá Nálá and Maqdam Sáhib.-Ancient Remains, No.
V., Lát Bhairo.-Ancient Remains, No. VI., Battís Khambhá.-
Ancient Remains, No. VII., Arháí Kangura Mosque; Hindu
Temple of Kirtti Bisheswar.-Ancient Remains, No. VIII.,
Chaukhambhá Mosque.-Ancient Remains, No. IX., Aurung-
zeb's Mosque, near Bisheswar Temple.-Ancient Remains, No.
X., Ad-Bisheswar Temple and neighbouring Mosque.-Ancient
Remains, No. XI., Stone Pillar standing in Sone ká Táláo.-
Note.
288
CHAPTER XXI.
Source of the great wealth of Benares-Its chief Articles of
Commerce-Its Native Bankers-Its Poor-Increased desire for
Education. The Government or Queen's College.—Monolith in
the College Grounds.-The Normal School.-The Church of
England Mission.-The London Society's Mission.-The Baptist
Society's Mission.-Native Schools of various classes.-The
Benares Institute.-Public Buildings in the suburbs.-Monu-
ment to Mr. Cherry.—Influential Native Gentlemen of Benares. 328
CHAPTER XXII.
Sentiments engendered by the contemplation of the city of
Benares-Its history, the history of India.-Principles of pro-
gress at work in the city. -- Changes visible in native
society. The Brahmo Samáj.-Diminished study of Sanskrit.
—Diminished faith in Idolatry in Benares and Northern India
generally. Influence of education on Hindu youths.-A Martin
Luther for India.-Influence and spread of Christianity.-
Gungá-putras, or sons of the Ganges.-Literary and Religious
Societies amongst the natives.-The Benares Institute-Nature
of its discussions.-Lecture of Pandit Lakshmají-His account
of the consequences of Hinduism.-Effect of Missions and
Education on Benares and on India.-Religious agitation in
India. What is the destiny of Idolatry and of Christianity in
India?—The Future in respect of Benares.-Remarks of the
Rev. Dr. Thomson, a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church
of the United States, on the religious and social condition and
future prospects of India
APPENDIX A.
Narrative of Fă Hian, concerning his visit to Benares and
Sárnáth. Extracted from the Foě Kouě Ki by MM. Rémusat,
Klaproth, and Landresse
APPENDIX B.
Narrative of Hiouen Thsang. Translated by the author
from the " Mémoires sur les Contrées Occidentales de Hiouen
Thsang," of M. Stanislas Julien, translator of the original
Chinese work
341
364
366
APPENDIX C.
Further information concerning Divodás
INDEX.
. 381
. 382
ERRATA.
Page 68.-For Purņas'ubhakaran, read Purņas'ubhakaraṇí.
Page 320.-In line 21, and also line 26, in place of No. X., read No. IX.