THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, JUNE 17, 1775. FROM A PAINTING BY TRUMBULL

little cause for triumph to the victors. On both sides many fell; but the Americans lost one whom they could little spare, the noble patriot and brave soldier, General Warren.*

7. Effect of the Battle.-This battle † encouraged the American patriots. It showed them that they could contend successfully with British hirelings, however skillful and well-tried; and it proved to them also that the Putnams, Starks, and others, who had been trained in the school of the "Old French War," had been apt scholars, and were the men to make good use of their training and experience.

8. Appointment of Washington.-On the very day of the capture of Ticonderoga (May 10th), the Second Continental Congress met at Philadelphia. That body decided to raise an army of twenty thousand men; and, on the 15th of June, unanimously elected George Washington commander-in-chief of the forces raised, or to be raised, in defence of American liberties." He thereupon re

* Joseph Warren was born in Roxbury, Mass., in 1741. He was a graduate of Harvard College, and subsequently a physician of extensive practice in Boston. He had distinguished himself greatly for his patriotic resistance to the oppressive laws of England, and at the time of his death was a major-general in the army. Mrs. Adams wrote of him after the battle as follows: "Not all the havoc and devastation they have made, has moved me like the death of Warren. We want him in the Senate; we want him in his profession; we want him in the field. We mourn for the citizen, the senator, the physician, and the warrior."

+ This battle is generally called the "Battle of Bunker Hill."

Washington accepted the position with great dignity and modesty. After expressing his thanks for the signal honor conferred upon him, he remarked: "I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in this room, that I this day declare, with the utmost sincerity, I do not think myself equal to the command I am honored with."

7. What was the effect of the battle? What did it show? 8. When did the Second Congress meet ? What did it vote? What appointment was made? When did Washington take command?

signed his position in Congress and, repairing to Cambridge, took command of the army (July).*

9. Expedition against Canada. To prevent the British from using Canada as a base of operations, Congress, in 1775, sent an expedition under Schuyler to take possession of it. He had reached the So-rel' River, when sickness compelling his return, Montgomery, the next officer, then took the command. He soon made himself master of St. John's and Montreal, and then marched to Quebec, where, as had been arranged, he was joined by Arnold, who, with another force, had proceeded by the way of the Kennebec and the wilderness lying between its head waters and the St. Lawrence.

10. Attack on Quebec-Death of Montgomery.For three weeks they besieged the city, and then resolved to take it by assault. On the last day of the year, and during a fierce snow-storm, they advanced to the attack in four columns. Onward they moved, capturing the enemy's works, the noble form of Montgomery leading his

He declined all compensation, remarking, "I will keep an account of my expenses. Those, I doubt not, will be discharged; and that is all I desire."

*"On General Washington's arrival at Cambridge, his first care was to reconnoitre the British troops with his spy-glass, and to examine the condition of his own army. He found that the American troops amounted to about fourteen thousand men. They were extended all round the peninsula of Boston, a space of twelve miles, from the high grounds of Roxbury on the right, to Mystic River on the left. Some were living in tents of sail-cloth, some in shanties rudely constructed of rough boards, some in huts of stone and turf, with curious windows and doors of basket-work."-Hawthorne.

9. Expedition against Canada? What cities were taken? Arnold's route? Where did he join Montgomery? 10. Siege of Quebec? Result of the attack upon it?

column, when one of the retreating soldiers ran back and touched off a cannon loaded with grape shot. It made deadly havoc among the assailants' ranks, and Montgomery himself fell mortally wounded. His column, struck with dismay, retreated.

II. End of the Expedition.-Arnold was also borne from the field severely wounded, so that the command devolved upon Captain Morgan, who, after a slight struggle, was obliged to surrender. Those who had been

able to retreat, encamped under the command of Arnold, and passed the winter a short distance from Quebec; but in the following spring the British recaptured all the places taken by the Americans, and the latter were obliged to return home, leaving the whole country in the hands of the enemy.

12. Evacuation of Boston. Meanwhile, Washington had remained with his army around Boston. At the end of winter, he resolved to drive the British from the city.

11. Who took the command? How and where was the winter passed? How did the expedition end? 12. Where did Washington remain ? How were the British dislodged? When did they leave Boston ?

Accordingly, he ordered fortifications to be erected on Dorchester Heights. As these commanded the city, and the Americans could

general, was compelled to withdraw

his forces. Accordingly, on the 17th of March, Boston was evacuated; and Washington entered it amid the rejoicings of the people, who, for nearly a year, had endured every kind of insult and indignity from the British soldiery.

13. An Attack on Charleston.-A de

tachment of the Brit

ish had previously left Boston to make an attack on New York; but Washington, suspecting their design, sent

*The old State House, in Philadelphia, where Congress met, is still standing. It is generally known by the name of Independence Hall, though the room in which the Declaration of Independence was adopted and signed received at first that appellation. The building was crected in 1735, but its bell-tower was not put up until 1750. A bell which was imported from England expressly for the tower, was found cracked upon its arrival, and thereupon it was recast in the city of Philadelphia, and raised to its place in 1753. By a curious coincidence, it bore around its crown the words: Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. It has a world-wide reputation as the "Liberty Bell."