religious sympathy, must in such a case have prevailed against national hate, for during the whole reign of Elizabeth the Spaniards were often dreaded and always detested by the English. His Spanish name, however he came by it, was not forgotten when he became eminent. Ben Jonson, in his merciless "Expostulation," handles him in this fashion:

"By all your titles and whole stile at once

Of tireman, mountebank, and Justice Jones,
I do salute you: are you
fitted yet-
Will any of those express your place or wit?
Or are you so ambitious 'bove your peers
You'd be an Assinigo by your ears?"

The surly poet comes yet closer in his "Corollary," addressed to "Inigo Marquis Wouldbe."

"But cause thou hear'st the mighty king of Spain Hath made his Inigo marquis, wouldst thou fain Our Charles should make thee such?"

Concerning his early years and education we have no information which can be relied on. Webb, his nephew and pupil, and the husband of his only daughter, says, "there is no certain account in what manner he was brought up, or who had the task of instructing him." That he had not the advantage of an university education was, of course, a necessary consequence of the family faith. Pope, who was born in something like the same circumstances, acquired his knowledge chiefly from private tutors of his own religion; and Jones, we know, however he came by it, possessed as much as carried him creditably through the Latin-quoting court of King James. Indeed,

that learned prince set him the task of proving to the world that Stonehenge was a Roman temple; which, as he had to justify every position by quotations from the classics, could have been no business for an ignorant man. Even the embellishing of the learned masques of Jonson must have demanded considerable acquaintance with classic lore. Ben, indeed, in some of his verses, obliquely accuses him of being illiterate; but Ben was a profound scholar, and might sneer at very tolerable attainments in that line as worthless. The sarcasms in question, moreover, were penned, on the sick bed of the illustrious author, when he was borne down by penury, oppressed with years, neglected by the rich and the noble, and his proud spirit stung by the court-credit and affluence of his late compeer.

Those who seek to follow Jones from the school to the studio, will find they are still in the regions of conjecture. At that period there were no lecturers on art, or academies for students, and those only, whom nature intended for distinction, ventured to follow a profession where they had to think for themselves, and be their own instructors. We cannot therefore turn over the pages of the admission book, and see who studied in either painting, sculpture, or architecture. Webb, who knew more of his uncle's early studies than any other person, says, "there is no certain account how he passed his younger years. This, indeed, we know, that he was early distinguished by his inclination to drawing, or designing, and was particularly taken notice of, for his skill in the practice of landscape painting." Walpole found among the

gleanings of Vertue a story that Inigo was apprenticed to a joiner. If this be true, the father could hardly have been the rich merchant he is described; and, indeed, I cannot account for the reserve of Webb, except by suspecting that the great artist ad followed in his youth some humble business, which his son-in-law felt reluctance to name; let us see what aid the satires of Jonson will lend us in finding a profession for him.

Though Ben, according to Dr. Fuller, wrought at the building of Lincoln's Inn, with a trowel in his hand, and a book in his pocket, he did not hesitate to satirize Jones himself for having touched the hand-saw and the plane. It may be urged, that he did this without malicious meaning, but Drummond, a candid man, says, "that Jonson was a great lover and praiser of himself, and a despiser, and contemner of others, given rather to lose a friend than a jest, and jealous of every word and action of those about him." It is true that the object of the dramatist was to give a living image of the looks and manners of the times in which he lived, and that such a character as a ready-witted joiner, was necessary in those days of dramas in barns, and masques in country places. But it is perfectly well known, that In-and-In Medley, the Joiner of Islington, was meant for Inigo Jones; that the ridicule which it threw on his name and history, caused him to complain-and that in consequence, the representation was forbidden. There are passages sufficiently personal :

"Med. Indeed there is a woundy luck in names, sirs, And a vain mystery, an a man knew where To find it. My godsire's name I tell you