markable discoveries made this year at Sarnath. They will, it is hoped, give some idea of the wonderful artistic wealth of Benares life, and at the same time be more instructive than those of ordinary books of travel. The authorities consulted include Sherring's Sacred City of the Hindus; The Life and Times of Sri Sankaracharya, by C. Krishnasami Aiyar; and the works of Barth, Beal, Sylvain Lévi, Rhys Davids, Monier Williams, Max Müller, Taylor, and many others. My acknowledgments are due to Messrs. E. J. Lazarus & Co., of Benares, for permission to use Mr. Ralph Griffiths' translation of the Rig-Veda; and to Messrs. Som Brothers, Calcutta, for extracts from Pandit Tattvabhushan's translations of the Upanishads. I am indebted to H.H. the Maharajah of Benares and staff for much courteous assistance; and to Babus Abanindro Nath Tagore, Dinesh Chandra Sen, and other Indian friends for valuable information. Mr. J. H. Marshall, Director-General of the Archæological Survey of India, Dr. Vogel, Messrs. Johnstone & Hoffman, Calcutta, and Messrs. Saeed Bros., Benares, have kindly helped me with some of the illustrations. E. B. HAVELL CALCUTTA, October, 1905. CONTENTS The Kâsis - The Vedic hymns - The Upanishads - The CHAPTER II. THE HINDU EPICS-HERO-WORSHIP- Vasishtha and Vishwâmitra-The caste system-The preser- The points of dispute between Buddha and the Brahmin priests-The tyranny of Brahminical rites--Buddha's preach- ing at Sarnath--The Chinese pilgrims and their accounts of The sacrificial virtue of the city and environs-The up-to-date Indian's transformation-The cantonment-Streets-Symbol- CHAPTER VII. THE GHÂTS—Asi Sangam to Nepâli GHẤT— 106 CHAPTER VIII. THE GHATS-FROM MANIKARNIKA TO BARNA Scene at Manikarnika-The well-Scindhia Ghât-A camping- The different classes of Hindu deities-Household worship— CHAPTER XI. REMAINS OF OLD BENARES-A HINDU-MUHAM- The study of Indian sculpture and painting-Miniature stone B (B 488) |