2

became queen; each married the other's sister, and both the princesses became queens. Kankana, the queen of King Sihanu, gave birth to King Suddhodana the royal father of Para Taken, King Dhotodana, King Sukkodana, King Amitodana, and King Ukyodana,1 these five sons. She had also two daughters, Princess Amita and Princess Pālitā. King Añkana's wife, Queen Yasodharā, gave birth to two sons, Prince Suppabuddha and Prince Dandapāni; and two daughters, Sirimahāmāyā and Pagāpatigotami. When the Brahmins interpreted the characteristics of these two princesses, Sirimahāmāyā and Pagapatigotami, they declared that they would give birth to a Kakravarti king. Accordingly the two sisters Sirimahāmāyā and Pagapatigotami were raised to the rank of queens of King Suddhodana. Sirimahāmāyā gave birth to Parā Taken, and Pagapatigotami gave birth to Prince Nanda and Ganapadakalyānī. The Princess Amitā, the sister of King Suddhodana, married Prince Suppabuddha, and gave birth to Devadatta and Princess Bimba; the Princess Bimba's name was changed afterwards to Yasodhara, the name of the grandmother of Parā Taken; marrying the Paralaun my lord Siddhattha, she gave birth to Rahula, and received the name of "the sacred mother of Rahula."

At that time there were in the Kapilavatthu country eighty thousand, all of the sacred family of Parā Taken, and eighty thousand also in the country of Devadaha.

END OF THE GENEALOGY OF PARA TAKEN.

1 Sukkhodana, in the com. to the Suttanipata.

2 Manuscript says "four sons," and omits Ukyodana.
3 Manuscript has the "Paralaun Taken."

CHAPTER XXVII.

UPON THE TAKING OF CONSECRATED PROPERTY, AND THE TWENTY-ONE KINDS OF EVIL-DOERS.

No one must eat the food which belongs to Parā, the law, and the priests. Whoever eats of it shall suffer heavy punishment hereafter. In the time of the Parā Kassapa, a crow, because he had eaten some rice from a Rahan's thabet, became a Preta-crow' on the Kikkakut mountain. Whatever has been set aside for Parā, the law, and the priests, such as monasteries, fields, corn, water for cultivation, etc., no one from a king downwards must take; whoever takes or uses such, shall hereafter suffer for a long period in the lowest hell. Whatever has been offered and set aside as consecrated property for Para, the law, and the priests, such as horses, gardens, fields, gold, silver, copper, slaves, etc., whoever shall take for his use shall become a Preta, and bear sufferings in hunger and thirst. The rewards of offering and setting aside property as consecrated, are great power and authority; but kings who make use of consecrated property shall be bereft of all power and authority, and shall become Pretas.

1 A being in a state of punishment; of a lower kind than an animal.

Any Rahan who knows that property is consecrated, and shall not say so, shall suffer the punishment of the four hells; if he say so, he shall escape hell. Although any one shall give a substitute for a Pagodaslave, he cannot liberate him; for the slaves set aside by kings as consecrated property for the five thousand years of the church, are fixed and settled for the five thousand years of the church.1 of the church. Whoever from kings downwards shall break the continuity of the consecration for the five thousand years of the church, and resume the property, will pass into the lowest hell. If a king who has obtained the Kakra2 shall destroy any of the consecrated property belonging to the three jewels, his Kakra-jewel shall disappear. Kings who repeatedly destroy consecrated property, shall not die in their own country, but in some other land.

I will give an instance. King Pasenadikosala, taking bribes from heretics, settled upon them a plot of consecrated ground to the west of the Getavana monastery of Para Taken, as a site for a monastery; on account of this he was not able to stay in his own country, but died in a Zayat in a strange land. King Pasenadikosala, one of Para Taken's Dārakas, who had made incomparable offerings, even he, for the sake of a bribe, settled upon others consecrated land; accordingly he did not die in his own country, but he had to wander in other lands, and ultimately perished in a ruined Zayat. The book Sutta says, "Kings who

1 The dispensation of Gotama is supposed to last for five thousand when another Para will appear. years, About one-half of

this period has now elapsed.

2 A fabulous weapon.

repeatedly destroy (the title of) consecrated land shall lose all their authority."

Slaves who have been offered to pagodas, can only be employed in cleaning pagodas. They must not wait upon kings or any one else. If those who have great power and authority employ pagoda-slaves, they will lose their power and die a frightful death; they will come to misery and destruction: so it is written in the book Sutta. No one must take as a bribe property which has been offered for the use of the priesthood; if they commit this offence, they will come to ruin. Slaves in the employ of Rahans, on the death of those Rahans become consecrated property. Those who offend by employing the slaves which belong to Rahans shall lose all they possess: so it is written in the book Sutta. Whoever shall take for himself or for another, any consecrated land, shall become a mite or a white ant upon that consecrated land for the whole of a hundred thousand cycles.

The sacred law, thus preached (by Para Taken), is written in the book Ayu of the holy church.

After passing through the eight stages of the great hells, they shall have the condition of Pretas, from which twenty Paras cannot free them; after which they shall become insects and white ants in the consecrated monasteries and lands. Therefore kings, nobles, officers, poor people, every one, must take care not to take or injure lands for wet or dry cultivation, elephants, horses, slaves, bullocks, gold, silver, paddy, rice, clothes, utensils, or any description whatever of consecrated property. Those who take, or those who injure such property will have to suffer, as already stated, in hell and as Pretas.

Any one who kills a man.1

Any one who destroys cities and villages.

Any one who, possessed by a Nat, steals the property of another.

Any one who works as a blacksmith.3

Any one who drinks* intoxicating liquors.

Any one who sells poison.

Any one who has a grant of the tolls at the barriers.

Any one employed as a general.

Any one who collects taxes.5

A hunter.

A fisherman.

A judge who takes bribes.

A Rahan who has committed an unpardonable sin.

A man who steals another's wife.

A woman who commits adultery.
Any one who gathers honey.
Any one who poisons or drugs fish.

Any one who offends against his parents.
Any one who ruins a female Rahan.

Any one who performs the process of castration. Any one who injures the church of the ParaThese twenty-one kinds of people, on account of their evil deeds, will fall into the lowest hell. In this way, Para Taken preached the law, knowing all the people without exception who would fall into hell. Among the people who commit these twenty-one kinds of evil actions, there are nineteen who, if they see their 1 Printed text says 66 a Rahan or a man." 2 Thus in both text and manuscript.

3 Le. who makes weapons.

4 Text says, "who sells intoxicating liquors."

5 The text and manuscript differ here, the former says "a ploughman."