ABSOLUTE, Sir Anthony, a leading char-
acter in Sheridan's play of The Rivals,
611

A darker and fiercer spirit, Jonathan
Swift, the great Tory writer (1667-1745),

304

Agbarus or Abgarus, the alleged author of
a spurious letter to Jesus Christ. Edessa
is in Mesopotamia, 459

Alboin, King of the Lombards, 561-573;
he invaded Italy as far as the Tiber, 5
Alcina, the personification of carnal pleas.
ure in the Orlando Furioso, 149
Aldus, the famous Venetian printer (1447-
1515), who issued the Aldine editions of
the classics and invented italic type, 26
Alfieri, Italian dramatist, and one of the
pioneers of the revolt against eighteenth-
century literary and society models
(1749-1803), 540
Algarotti, Francesco, a littérateur, friend
of Voltaire. Frederic made him a count

(d. 1764), 147
Alnaschar, see "The History of the
Barber's Fifth Brother," in the Arabian
Nights, 541

Alva, Duke of, the infamous governor of
the Netherlands (1508-82), 76
Amadeus, Victor, the faithless ruler of
Savoy," who for a bribe deserted Austria,
of whose troops he was commander-in-
chief, for France, in 1692, 479
Arbuthnot, Dr., author of the History of
John Bull, friend of Swift and Pope
(1670-1735), 83

Arminius, a German who, as a hostage,
entered the Roman army, but afterwards
revolted and led his countrymen against
Rome (d. 23 A.D.), 175

Armorica, France between the Seine and
the Loire, Brittany, 173

Artevelde, Von., Jacob v. A. and Philip,
his son, led the people of Flanders in
their revolt against Count Louis and his
French supporters (fourteenth century),
571

Ascham, Roger, and Aylmer, John, tutors

of Queen Elizabeth and Lady Jane Grey
respectively, 299

Athalie, Saul, Cinna, dramas by Racine,

Alfieri, and Corneille respectively, 502
Atticus, Sporus, i. . Addison and Lord
John Hervey, satirized in Pope's Epistle
to Dr. Arbuthnot, 503

Attila, King of the Huns, the "Scourge of
God," who overran the Roman Empire,
but was finally beaten by the allied
Goths and Romans (d. 453), 39
Aubrey, John, an eminent antiquary who
lost a number of inherited estates by law.
suits and bad management (1624-97), 347

BADAJOZ and St. Sebastian, towns in
Spain captured from the French during
the Peninsular War, 132

Bastiani, was at first one of the big Pots-
dam grenadiers; Frederic made him
Abbot of Silesia, 147

Bayes, Miss, with reference to the name
used in The Rehearsal, by George
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, to satirize
Dryden, the poet-laureate, 580
Bayle, Pierre, author of the famous Dic
tionnaire Historique et Critique; pro-
fessor of philosophy at Padua and at
Rotterdam (1647-1706), 43

Beauclerk, Topham, Johnson's friend,
"the chivalrous T. B., with his sharp
wit and gallant, courtly ways" (Carlyle),
(1739-80), 539

Beaumarchais, see Carlyle's French Revo-
lution. As a comic dramatist he ranks
second only to Molière. He supported
the Revolution with his money and his
versatile powers of speech and writing.
He edited an edition de luxe of Vol-
taire's works (1733-99), 144, 354, 634
Behn, Afra, the licentious novelist and
mistress of Charles II. (1640-89), who,
as a spy in Holland, discovered the
Dutch plans for burning the Thames
shipping, 563, 649

Belle-Isle, French marshal; fought in the
Austrian campaign of 1740 and repeiled
the Austrian invasion of 1744 (d. 1761),

134

Beloe, William, a miscellaneous writer,
whose version of Herodotus, so far from
being flat, is, while "infinitely below the
modern standard in point of accuracy,
much above modern performance in
point of readableness" (Dr. Garnett),
(1756-1817), 537

Bender, 80 miles N.-W. from Odessa, in
S. Russia, 134

Bentley, Richard, master of Trinity
College, Cambridge, and an eminent
philologist (1662-1742), 531

Bettesworth, an Irishman, lampooned in
Swift's Miscellanies, 492

Betty Careless, one of Macaulay's inven-
tions which sufficiently explains itself,

encouraged Macpherson to publish the
Ossian poetry (1718-1800), 454
Blatant Beast, the, does not really die.
See the end of Fatry Queen, vi. 401
Bobadil and Beseus, Pistol and Parolles,
braggart characters in Jonson's Every
Man in His Humour, Beaumont and
Fletcher's King and no King, Shake-
speare's Henry V., and All's Well that
Ends Well, respectively, 300
Boileau, Nicholas, the great French critic,
whose Art of Poetry long constituted
the canons of French and English
literary art (1636–1711), 175

Bolt Court, on the N. side of Fleet Street;
Johnson lived at No. 8 from 1777 till his
death in 1784, 557

Borodino, 70 miles west from Moscow,
where the Russians made a stand against
Napoleon, 1812, 132

Boscan, a Spanish imitator of Petrarch;
Alva's tutor; served in Italy (1485-1533),

77
Bourne, Vincent, an usher at Westminster

School, mentioned early in the "Essay
on Warren Hastings," 467
Boyle, Hon. Charles, edited the Letters of
Phalaris which gave rise to the famous
controversy with Bentley, for which, see
the essay on Sir William Temple (vol. iii.
of this edition), 459

Bradamante, in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso,

a Christian lady who loves the Saracen
knight, Ruggiero, 453

Brothers, Richard, a fanatic who held that
the English were the lost ten tribes of
Israel (1757-1824), 42

Brownrigg, Mrs., executed at Tyburn
(1767) for abusing and murdering her
apprentices, 123

Bruhl, Count, the favourite of Augustus
III. of Saxony who enriched himself at
the risk of ruining his master and his
country, 156

Bucer, Martin, a German reformer who
mediated between Luther and Zwingli,
and became Professor of Divinity at
Cambridge (1491-1551), 364
Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar and
humanist; tutor to Mary Queen of Scots
and James VI. (1506-82), 298, 457
Burn, Richard, an English vicar who com-
piled several law digests, among them
the Justice of the Peace, (1709-85), 416
Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, sup-
ported the claims of William of Orange
to the English throne, and wrote the
History of My Own Times (1643–1715),

century) in the Vale of Camaldoli
among the Tuscan Apennines, 50
Cambray, Confederates of, the
pope, the
emperor. France and Spain who by the
League of Cambray combined to attack
Venice, 163
Campbell, Dr. John, a miscellaneous
political and historical writer (1708-75),

552

Capreæ, or Capri, a small island nineteen
miles south from Naples, the favourite
residence of Augustus and Tiberius, and
the scene of the latter's licentious orgies,
618
Capuchins, a branch of the monastic order
of the Franciscans, 157

Carlile, Richard, a disciple of Tom Paine's
who was repeatedly imprisoned for his
radicalism. He worked especially for
the freedom of the Press (1790-1843), 213
Carter, Mrs., a distinguished linguist and
translator of Epictetus, 550

Casaubon, Isaac, Professor of Greek at
Geneva, Curator of the Royal Library
at Paris, Prebendary of Canterbury: a
famous sixteenth-century scholar (1559-
1614), 322, 531

Catinat, French marshal in charge of the
1701 Italian campaign against Marl-
borough's ally, Prince Eugene of Savoy,

472

Cave, Edward, printer, editor, publisher,
and proprietor of the Gentleman'.
Magasine (1691-1754), 126, 551
Châtelet, Madame du, Voltaire's mistress,
1733-47 (d. 1749), 151

Chaulieu, Guillaume, a witty but negligent
poetaster (1639-1720), 169
Chaumette, Pierre, a violent extremist in
the French Revolution who provoked
even Robespierre's disgust; guillotined,
1794, 69

Child's, the clergy coffee-house in St.
Paul's. St. James's (16.), in the street of
that name, was the resort of beaux ang
statesmen and a notorious gambling
house, 497

Chillingworth, William, an able English
controversial divine; suffered at the
hands of the Puritans as an adherent of
Charles I. (1602-43), 43

Churchill, Charles, a clergyman and satiri
cal poet who attacked Johnson in The
Ghost (1731-64), 543

Clootz, a French Revolutionary and one
of the founders of the "Worship of
Reason:" guillotined 1794, 69, 630
Colburn, (Zerah), b. at Vermont, U.S.A,
in 1804, and noted in youth for his extra-
ordinary powers of calculation (d. 1840)

wrote extensively and clearly, but with-
out genius, 634

Constituent Assembly, the National As
sembly of France from 1789 to 1792, 157
Corderius, a famous sixteenth-century
teacher-Calvin was a pupil of his-in
France and Switzerland (d. 1364) who
published several school-books, 532
Cortes, conqueror of Mexico (1485-1547);
the Spanish Parliament, 76, 81

Cotta, Caius, a famous Roman orator,
partly contemporary with Cicero, who
mentions him with honour, 54
Courland, a province on the Baltic once
belonging to Poland, since 1795 to
Russia, 174.

Coventry, Solicitor-General of England in
1616, Attorney-General in 1620 and Lord
Keeper in 1625, 123

Cradock, Joseph, a versatile writer and
actor whose rambling Literary and
Miscellaneous Memoirs contain several
anecdotes of Johnson and his circle
(1742-1826), 536

Curil and Osborne, two notorious book.
sellers who owe their immortality to
Pope's Dunciad, 548

Curtius, the noble Roman youth who
leaped into the chasm in the Forum and
so closed it by the sacrifice of Rome's
most precious possession-a good citizen,
= 654

DACIER, Andrew, a French scholar who
1 edited the "Delphin" edition of the
classics for the Dauphin, and translated
many of them (1651-1722), 465
Dangerfield, Thomas, Popish plot dis
coverer and false witness (1650?-1685),
347

Davies, Tom, the actor-bookseller who
wrote the Memoirs of David Garrick,
and was one of Johnson's circle (1712-
85). "The famous dogma of the old
physiologists" is "corruptio unius gene-
ratio est alterius" (Notes and Queries,
Ser. 8, vol. ix., p. 56), 534.
Davila, a famous French soldier and
historian who served under Henry of
Navarre; wrote the famous History of
the Civil War in France (1576-1631),
35, 253

Della Crusca, the signature of Robert
Merry (1755-98), the leader of
mutual-admiration band of poetasters,
who had their head-quarters at Florence,
and hence called themselves the Della
Cruscans. Gifford (g.v.) pulverised
them in his Baviad and Mæviad, 563, 530
Dentatus, the old-type Roman who, after
winning many victories and taking im-
mense booty, retired to a small farm
which he himself tilled, 654

Desfontaines, a Jesuit who put out a
pirated edition of Voltaire's La Ligue,
150

Dessaix, a distinguished, upright, and
chivalrous French general under Napo-
leon, who fell at Marengo (1800), 618
Diafoirus, the name of two pedantic

characters in Molière's Malade Imagin
aire, 202
Diatessaron, a harmony of the gospels, the
earliest example being that compiled by
Tatian, c. 170 A.D., 538

Digby, Lord, one of the Royalist leaders
and a typical Cavalier, 406

Diodorus, author of a universal history of
which fifteen books still remain (50 B.C.-
13 A.D.), 536

Distressed Mother, by Ambrose Phillipps,
modelled on Racine's Andromaque, 497
Domdaniel, a hall under the roots of the
ocean, where gnomes, magicians, and
evil spirits hold council (see Southey's
Thalaba), 189

Domenichino, a celebrated Italian painter
of sacred subjects; persecuted and pos-
sibly poisoned by his rivals (1581-1641),
283
Douw, Gerard, distinguished Dutch
painter, one of Rembrandt's pupils; his
works are famed for their perfect finish
and delicacy (1613-75), 571

Dubois, Guillaume, cardinal and prime
minister of France, noted for his ability
and his debauchery (1656-1723), 420
D'Urfey, Tom, a facetious comedian and
song-writer favoured by Charles II.,
known for his collection of sonnets, Pills
to Purge Melancholy (1628–1723), 444

ECLIPSE, a famous chestnut race-horse
who between 3rd May, 1769, and 4th
October, 1770, had a most successful
record, 538

Encyclopedia, the famous work which,
edited by D'Alembert and Diderot, and
contributed to by the most eminent
savants of France, was issued 1751-77,
and contributed not a little to fan the
flame of Revolution. The Philosophical
Dictionary was a similar production, 71
Essex, Queen Elizabeth's favourite courtier
who took Cadiz in 1596, 95
Euphelia and Rhodoclea...
Comelia...
Tranquilla, signatures to letters in the
Rambler (Nos. 42, 46; 62; 51; 10, 119),
56%
Exons, i. e. "Exempts of the Guards,"
56 officers who commanded when the lieu-
tenant or ensign was absent, and who
had charge of the night watch," 593
Eylau, 20 miles south from Konigsberg;
victory of Napoleon, 1807, 132

FAIRFAX, Edward, one of the "im-
provers" of English versification. Trans-
lated Tasso in the same stanzas as the
original, and wrote on Demonology
(d. c. 1632), 555

Farnese, Alexander, Duke of Parma,
Governor of the Netherlands under
Philip II. and the first commander of his
age, 78
Faunus, grandson of Saturn and god of
fields and shepherds, later identified with
the Greek Pan, 54

Faustina, Empress, (i) wife of Antoninus
Pius; (ii) daughter of (i) and wife of

Marcus Aurelius. Both were equally
licentious, 479

Favorinus, a rhetorician and sophist, who
flourished in Gaul, c. 125 A.D., 361
Felton, John, who assassinated the Duke
of Buckingham in 1628, 329,
Ferguson, Sir Adam, M.P. for Ayrshire,
1774-80, 553

Filmer, Sir Robert, advocated the doctrine
of absolute regal power in his Patri-
archa, 1680, 240

Flecknoe and Settle, synonyms for vile-
ness in poetry (cp. Moevius and Bairus
among the Romans). Flecknoe was
an Irish priest, who printed a host of
worthless matter. Settle was a play-
wright, who degenerated into a "city-
poet and a puppet-show" keeper; both
were satirized by Dryden, 424

Fleury, French cardinal and statesman,
tutor and adviser of Louis XV. (1653-
1743), 133

Florimel. (see Spenser's Fairy Queen,
books iii. and iv.), 20

Fox, George, and Naylor, James, con-
temporaries of Bunyan, and early leaders
of the Society of Friends or "Quakers,"
405

Fracastorius, Italian philosopher, mathe.
matician, and poet, ranked by Scaliger
as next to Virgil, 467

Fraguier, Père, an eminent man of letters,
sometime a Jesuit. An elegant Latin
versifier, especially on philosophical
themes (1666-1728), 468

Franc de Pompignan, Advocate-General
of France, an Academician and an oppo-
nent of Encyclopedists, in consequence
of which Voltaire lampooned him (1709-
84), 492

Franche Comté, that part of France
which lies south of Lorraine and west
of Switzerland, 74,

Fréron, took sides with the Church against
the attacks of Voltaire; had some repu-
tation as a critic (d. 1776), 150

GALLIENUS and Honorius, late Roman
emperors who suffered from barbaric
invasions, 78

Galt, John, Scotch custom-house officer
and novelist, wrote The Ayrshire Lega-
tees, The Provost, Sir Andrew Wylie,
etc. (1779-1839), 608

Galway, Lord (Macaulay is not quite so
severe on him in his History of Eng-
land), 96

Ganganelli, who as Clement XIV. held
the papacy, 1769-74, and suppressed the
Jesuits, 179

George of Trebizond, a celebrated
humanist (1396-1486), professor of Greek
at Venice in 1428 and papal secretary at
Rome, c. 1450, 363

Gibby, Sir, Sir Gilbert Heathcote (see p.
500), 501

Gifford, editor of the Anti-Jacobin and
afterwards of the Quarterly Review, in
which he attacked Wordsworth, Shelley,
and Keats. His satires, the Baviad and

the Maviad, had some reputation in
their day (1757-1826), 623

Gilpin, Rev. Joshua G., rector of Wrock-
wardine, whose new and corrected
edition of the Pilgrim's Progress
appeared in 1811, 538

Godfrey of Bouillon, a leader of the
First Crusade; he took Jerusalem in
1099, 180

Goldoni, "the founder of Italian Comedy"
(1707-93), whose pieces supplanted the
older Italian farces and burlesques, 19
Gondomar, Count of, the Spanish ambas-
sador at the court of James I. who
ruined Raleigh, and negotiated the pro-
posed marriage of Charles I. with the
Infanta, 76

Gonsalvo de Cordova, the great captain
who took Granada from the Moors,
Zante from the Turks, and Naples from
the French (1443-1515), 76

Grecian, the, the resort of the learned-in
Devereux Street, Strand, 489
Grotius, a celebrated Dutch

scholar,
equally famed for his knowledge of theo-
logy, history, and law (d. 1645), 127
Gwynn, Nell, an orange girl who became
mistress of Charles II. and the ancestress
of the Dukes of St. Albans, 515

HAILES, Lord, David Dalrymple, author of
the Annals of Scotland (1726-92), 559
Hale, Sir Matthew, Chief Justice of the
King's Bench under Charles II., and
author of several religious and moral
works, 493

Halford, Sir Henry, one of the leading
physicians in Macaulay's day (1766-
1844), 217

Hamilton, Gerard, M.P. for Petersfield,
and of a somewhat despicable character.
The nickname was "Single-speech
Hamilton," 543

Harpagon, the miser in Molière's L'Avare,

153

Hawkins, Sir John, a club companion of
Johnson's (d. 1789), whose Life and
Works of Johnson (11 vols., 1787-89) was
a careless piece of work, soon superseded
by Boswell's, 536

Hayley, William, Cowper's friend and
biographer (1745-1820). Byron ridiculed
his Triumphs of Temper and Triumphs
of Music, and Southey said everything
was good about him except his poetry,
629
Henriade, Voltaire's La Ligue, ou Henri
le Grand, 124

Hierocles, a neo-Platonic philosopher (c.
450 A.D.), who after long labour col
lected a book of twenty-eight jests, a
translation of which (Gentleman's
Magazine, 1741) has been attributed to
Johnson, 540

Hill, Aaron, playwright, stage-manager,
and projector of bubble schemes (1685-
1750) See Pope's Dunciad, ii. 295 ff.,

Holbach, Baron, a French "philosophe"
who entertained at his hospitable board
in Paris all the Encyclopædia (q.v.)
writers; a materialist, but a philan-
thropist (1723-89), 71

Holofernes, the pedantic school-master in
Love's Labour's Lost, 550

Home, John, a minister of the Scottish
Church (1724-1808), whose tragedy of
Douglas was produced in Edinburgh in
1756, 529

Hoole, John, a clerk in the India House,
who worked at translations, e.g. of Tasso

and Ariosto, and original literature in
his spare hours (1727-1803), 461, 555, 623
Hotel of Rambouillet, the intellectual
salon which centred round the Italian
Marquise de R. (1588-1665), and degener.
ated into the pedantry which Molière
satirized in Les Précieuses Ridicules,

20

Hughes, John, a poet and essayist, who
contributed frequently to the Tatler,
Spectator, and Guardian (1677-1720),
544

Hume, Mr. Joseph, English politician,
reformer, and philanthropist (1777-1855),

142

Hurd, Richard, Bishop in succession of
Lichfield, Coventry, and Worcester;

edited in 1738 with fulsome praise the
works of his fellow bishop Warburton of
Gloucester, 469 n., 485

Hutchinson, Mrs., wife of Colonel Hutchin-
son, the governor of Nottingham Castle
in the Civil War, whose Memoirs
(published, 1806) she wrote, 538
Hutten, Ulrich von, German humanist and
reformer (1488-1523), 300

IMLAC (see Johnson's Rasselas, ch. viii.-
xii.), 561

Ireland's Vortigern, a play represented by
W. H. Ireland as Shakespeare's auto-
graph; failed when Sheridan produced
it in 1796, and afterwards admitted a
forgery, 459

Ivimey, Mr., a Baptist divine and his-
torian of the early nineteenth century,
who compiled a life of Bunyan, 405

JANSENIAN CONTROVERSY, arose early in
the seventeenth century over the August-
inian principle of the sovereign and the
irresistible nature of divine
grace, denied
by the Jesuits. In connection with this
controversy Pascal wrote his Provincial
Letters, 58

Jeanie Deans (see Scott's The Heart of
Midlothian), 403

Jedwood justice; the little town of Jed-
burgh was prominent in border-warfare,
and its justice was proverbially sum-
mary, the execution of the accused
usually preceding his trial, 617
Jonathan's and Garraway's, Coffee-houses
in Cornhill and Exchange Alley re-
spectively, specially resorted to by
brokers and merchants, 500
Jortin, John, an eminent and scholarly

543

Kitcat Club, founded c. 1700 by thirty-

nine Hanoverian statesmen and authors
on the basis of an earlier society (see
Spectator, No. 9), 112, 465, 546

LA BRUYERE, John de, tutor to the Duke of
Burgundy and a member of the
Academy; author of Characters after
the manner of Theophrastus (1644--96),
498

La Clos, author of Liaisons Dangereuses,
a masterpiece of immorality (1741-1803),
172
Lambert, Daniel, weighed 739 lbs., and
measured 3 yds. 4 ins. round the waist
(1770-1809), 601

Langton, Bennet, a classical scholar and
contributor to The Idler. Entered John-
son's circle in 175a (1737-1801), 543
League of Cambray, the union in 1508 of
Austria, France, Spain, and the Papacy
against Venice, 115

League of Pilnitz, between Austria,
Prussia, and others (1791) for the restora-
tion of Louis XVI., 115

Lee, Nathaniel, a play-writer who helped
Dryden in his Duke of Guise (1655-
92), 443

Leman, Lake, Lake of Geneva, 156
Lope de Vega, Spain's greatest, and the
world's most prolific, dramatist. Secre
tary to the Inquisition (1562-1635), 77
Lunsford, a notorious bully and profligate;
a specimen of the worst type of the
royalist captains, 409

MACLEOD, Colonel (see Tour to the
Hebrides, Sept. 23), 540

Mainwaring, Arthur, editor of the Medley,
and Whig pamphleteer (1668-1712), 544
Malbranche, Nicholas, tried to adopt and
explain the philosophy of Descartes in
the interests of theology (d. 1715), 466
Mallet, David, a literary adventurer who
collaborated with Thomson in writing
the masque Alfred, in which the song
"Rule Britannia' was produced (1703-
65), 547

Malone, Edmund, an eminent Shake-
sperian scholar, who also wrote a Life of
Reynolds and a Life of Dryden (1741–
1812), 534