at my hands; on which occasion I placed the Metropolitan in my own chair, and we embraced in a most brotherly manner at the church door after service. I was not without some fears as to the manner in which the new and old Metropolitans might adjust their claims, but thought myself bound to furnish Athanasius with a small viaticum for the rest of his journey, and with letters of recommendation to the English Missionaries established at Allepee and Cotyam, at the same time that I advertised them, by a post letter, of the visitor they had to expect, and gave Athanasius my best advice as to the moderation with which it would become him, under actual circumstances, to advance his claims.

The Missionaries I enjoined most earnestly to take no part, if they could possibly avoid it, in any disputes which might arise, and to recognize implicitly, with all due marks of respect and confidence, whichever Patriarch the majority of the Malayalim Churches might receive. How far either party has adhered to my counsels, I, as yet, hardly know. The Missionaries assert that Athanasius, and, still more, his Ramban, have been mere firebrands in the country, that they have excommunicated both Metropolitan and Coadjutor, and threatened them with personal violence; have annulled the orders which they had conferred, dissolved marriages, altered the interior of churches, and listened to no advice but that of a certain disaffected " Malpan," or Doctor, who was disappointed some years ago in his hope of being named Coadjutor instead of Dionysius. On the other hand, Athanasius has written to complain bitterly of the reception which he has met with from the Metropolitans (whom he admits, indeed, "that for their lies and sorceries he has cursed from his own mouth, and the mouth of the holy Patriarch, and the mouth of the Prince of the Apostles, Simon Cephas," &c.) as well as from "the English Priests, of whom thou spakest unto me, and the man which is the ruler of the land, even Travancore," meaning, I suppose, either the Rannee's minister, or the English Resident. At the same time complaint has been made to me from other quarters that the Missionaries,

though extremely well-meaning and correct men, have really been too much influenced by their natural friendship for the rival Metropolitan Philoxenus, and I am the more led to apprehend that something of this kind has occurred, from the decided tone which the Resident and Rannee have assumed, forbidding Athanasius to exercise his functions, though acknowledged (as I am assured) by the great majority of the people, and threatening to send him from the country. This last measure I have got suspended, at least till I can myself try my hand at composing the difference, or at ascertaining the real wishes of the Malayalim Church, which is meanwhile in a perfect flame, but which has expressed, I understand, a general desire that the English Bishop should settle the question.

The way in which I propose to do it is by assembling a general Synod of their Clergy, in which the claims of the rival Metropolitans and the customs of their Church shall be openly discussed, and the votes given by ballot. Vexatious and unfortunate as the occasion of such an assembly will be, it will be to myself extremely interesting and curious, since by no other means could I have hoped to become so intimately acquainted with this most ancient and interesting Church, which, corrupt as it is in doctrine, and plunged in lamentable ignorance, appears to preserve a closer resemblance in its forms and circumstances of society, than any other now in existence, to the Christian world in the third and fourth century after our Saviour. Meantime I am visiting the principal civil and military stations by nearly the same course which Bishop Middleton followed in the year 1816, hoping to reach Travancore early in May, and to return to Madras by the tract which he did not visit, of Mysore, Bungalore, and Arcot. The country, as far as I have yet advanced, is (though not generally fertile, and almost universally flat) as beautiful as palms, and spreading trees, and diligent cultivation can make it, and the ancient Hindoo temples, though inferior in taste to the magnificent Mussulman buildings of which I sent you a description from the north-west of India, are in size, picturesque effect, and richness of carving, far above any thing

which I had expected to meet with. Here, at Chillumbrum, (a town half way between Cuddalore and Tanjore) is a temple of Siva, covering with its quadrangles, its cloisters, its "hall of eleven hundred columns," and the other buildings which surround its sanctuary, a space of ground, I am persuaded, more than equal to Christ Church, with an establishment, if its abbot speaks the truth, (who, by the way, strange as it may seem, is himself of a low caste) of no fewer than 300 Brahmins. The place, however, which though of comparatively insignificant size, has interested me most from the association with which it is connected, is Mähǎbālĭpoorum, "the city of the great Bali," with its ruins lashed by the surf, and the romance of its submarine palaces.

I hope some day to find time for a more elaborate and intelligible view. But, indeed, I do not eat the bread of idleness in this country. Since my arrival at Madras, little more than three weeks ago, I have preached eleven times (including my visitation charge) have held four public and one private confirmation, visited five schools, attended one public meeting, travelled sixty miles in a palanqueen, and 140 on horseback, besides a pretty voluminous correspondence with Government, different Missionaries and Chaplains, and my Syrian brother Mar Athanasius. And the thermometer this day stands at ninety-eight in the shade. However I continue, thank God, on the whole, to enjoy as good health as I ever did in England. Busy as I am, my business is mostly of a kind which I like, and which accords with my previous studies. The country, the objects, and the people round me, are all of a kind to stimulate and repay curiosity more than most others in the world; and though there are, alas! many moments in the day (more particularly now that I am separated from my wife and children) in which I feel my exile painfully, I should be very ungrateful indeed if I did not own myself happy. Heaven grant that I may not be useless! When at Calcutta you have added much to my comfort by sending Grey there, who, I rejoice to say, is as po

pular as he deserves to be. It happens now, remarkably, that all the three Chief Justices were my contemporaries at Oxford, and that I have always been on terms of friendly intercourse with all, though Grey was the only one with whom I was intimate.

Lord Combermere, during his stay in Calcutta, was a great accession to our circle, and I really believe you could have found no person better suited to play the very difficult and important task which was placed in his hands, from his good sense, his readiness in despatch of business, and his accessibility, which had gone far to gain him the good-will of the Company's army, even before his success at Bhurtpoor; He present to enjoy a higher reputation than any Commander-in-Chief since Lord Cornwallis, or any officer who has appeared in India, except Sir A. Wellesley.

appears at

It is really strange how much importance has been attached to the fortress of Bhurtpoor. Even in the Carnatic, Sir Thomas. Munro tells me, the native princes would not believe that it ever could be taken, or that the Jâts were not destined to be the rallying point of India, as they certainly are, by the little which I saw of them, among its finest races. I regret now I did not visit Bhurtpoor. I was within one march, and corresponded with the Raja, but was too anxious to reach Jyepoor, to accept his invitation.

Sir T. Munro is a man of very considerable talent, and is universally respected and esteemed by all whom I have yet heard speak of him; individually I have received much kindness from him.

VOL. II.

3 N

REGINALD CALCUTTA.

TO THE REV. CHARLES SHIPLEY.

MY DEAR CHARLES,

Tanjore, March 28, 1826.

I am again, alas, separated for several months from my dear wife and children, having been obliged to undertake the visitation of southern India in a season when it is dangerous is dangerous for any but the robust and hardy to travel. The heat is indeed already considerable, and must be, ere many weeks are over, much greater. I am well, however, and am very closely and interestingly occupied in the visitation of the missions under the patronage of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the success of which, since the time of the excellent Schwartz, has been far greater than is generally known or supposed in Europe. On Easter-day, I confirmed seventy, and administered the sacrament to nearly 200 natives, and in the evening, when the service was in Tamul, I pronounced the benediction in that language on above 1300. The difference of numbers will be easily accounted for; since, in the former instance, few attended but those who understood a little English, the rest having attended the ministry of one of the missionaries early in the morning. This, however, is only in the city of Tanjore. There are scattered congregations, to the number of many thousand Protestant Christians, in all the neighbouring cities and villages; and the wicker-bound graves, each distinguished by a little cross of cane, of the poor people by the road side, are enough to tell even the most careless traveller that the country is, in a great measure Christian. The missions, however, are in a state which requires much help and restoration; their funds, which were considerable, have been sadly dilapidated since the time of Schwartz, by the pious men (but quite ignorant of the world) who have succeeded him, and though I find great piety and good-will, I could wish a little more energy in their proceedings at present.