people in India, who boast that they have never been subdued either by the Mogul emperors or the English, having, as you are aware, beaten off Lord Lake with great loss, in many successive campaigns. I did not see the city, except at a distance, but passed through the country, and was very hospitably and civilly treated. I thought them a very fine military race, and their territory one of the best governed in the north. The army under Lord Combermere is considerable, amounting to near 25,000 men, with a fine train of artillery; there are only, however, about 3000 of these Europeans. Should he fail, it is unhappily but too true, that all northern and western India, every man who owns a sword, and can buy or steal a horse, from the Sutlege to the Nerbudda, will be up against us, less from disliking us than in the hope of booty. And still more unfortunately, it is not easy to say where another army can be found to meet them, now that Bombay is fully occupied on the side of Sindia, and all the strength of British India in Ava. From Ava and Arracan the news continues to be bad; it is but too certain that our army is melting away with sickness, to which natives and Europeans appear equally liable; and there are various rumours as usual in Calcutta yet more gloomy. With Emily's best love and good wishes, and my own daily prayers for your happiness, and if it pleases God, our prosperous meeting again, believe me, dear Heber, Ever your affectionate brother, REGINALD CALCUTTA. The steam-boat, long promised, is at length arrived, after nearly a four months' passage. People say this is very well for a beginning, but unless she quickens her pace, most of us will, I think, prefer the old conveyances. We often wish it were possible for you to pay us a visit here. If you were not fully engaged, India is really well worth seeing. TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD GRENVILLE. Calcutta, Dec. 24, 1825. MY LORD, I have much pleasure in being enabled to forward to your Lordship, by the H. C. S. Minerva, what will I hope turn out a good collection of the finest Alpine plants in India, together with a few others, which, though not strictly coming under this description, my amiable and able friend Dr. Wallich begs leave to add to the list, on account of their beauty and rarity. I am bound at the same time to express my gratitude to your Lordship for the very beautiful poems which I found in Calcutta, on my return from my visitation. The privilege of reading and possessing compositions so classical would be valuable any where, but no where I think so much as in India, where, though there is really a great deal of talent and information of different kinds, there are comparatively few who have acquired or retained any taste for Greek and Roman literature. Of public news, India at this moment affords but little, though much of the most serious importance may be expected every hour. Lord Combermere is besieging Bhurtpoor, with good hopes of succeeding, and of thus wiping off the sort of stain which the successful resistance of the Jâts on a former occasion is considered as having left on the British arms. I remain, with much respect and regard, My Lord, Your Lordship's faithful and obliged servant, VOL. II. 3 I REGINALD CALCUTTA. TO THE REVEREND DEOCAR SCHMIDT. [In answer to his Letter on the re-ordination of Lutheran Ministers.] Calcutta, December 23d, 1825. REVEREND AND DEAR SIR, The great press of business with which I have had to contend ever since my arrival in Calcutta, has prevented my replying to your letter of the 1st November, till after the event occurred from which you wished to dissuade me. I can assure you, however, that though your arguments have remained unanswered, they have been carefully weighed by me, and that, though I have concluded by acting differently, I think highly of the talent which suggested them. I have neither time nor inclination to enter into a controversy connected with some of the most important and difficult questions in the whole field of polemic divinity. I only wish to convince you that I have not been inattentive to your letter, and to set you right on some points on which you appear to have misunderstood me in our last conversation. You suppose that I generally admit ordination by Presbyters without a Bishop to be valid. I do not admit this. All I said is that, when a Christian nation has, by unfortunate circumstances, lost its apostolical succession of Bishops, the continuance of Ministers being a thing absolutely needful and essential, those good men are not to be censured who perpetuate it by the best means in their power. And were I to return to Germany, I would again, as before, humbly and thankfully avail myself of the preaching and sacramental ordinances of the Lutheran evangelical church, not doubting that they are a true church of Christ, and that the Spirit of God is with them as, I trust, he is with us also. But, though an imperfect ordination may, doubtless, be accepted by our Lord and common Master, and though a church, under circumstances such as I have described, may remain a true church still, it does not follow that, where this supposed deficiency may be supplied, it may not be adviseable for a Minister of the Gospel either to seek for fresh orders himself, or to counsel others to do so. And this may be more especially adviseable where his, or their, ministerial utility is likely to be much augmented by a closer union with a church under (what I conceive to be) the ancient discipline. We (that is, the members of our church) have no right or inclination to judge other national churches. But our own flocks have a sacred right to be well-satisfied as to the Divine commission of those whom other spiritual rulers set over them. Even where the smallest doubt exists of the perfection of the orders received, and their conformity with apostolical practice, it may be a part of Christian prudence to choose the safer side. And even where this doubt is not felt by ourselves, yet, if its existence in others impedes our usefulness, we have the highest possible warrant, in the case of St. Paul and Timothy, for condescending, even in a more material point, to the failings and prejudices of our brethren. Accordingly, if a preacher ordained in the method practised in Germany foresees a marked advantage to Christ's cause in a closer alliance with his episcopalian brethren, I see not that he dishonours his previous commission by seeking our prayers and blessing in the form which we think most conformable to God's will. And the humility is, surely, any thing but blameable which stoops for a time to even an inferior degree and inferior duties than those which he has already exercised. For I see no weight in the argument that holy orders cannot be repeated without profanation. In the first place, it is a matter of doubt whether the first orders were valid or no, and, in the very fact of fresh orders being given without a formal renunciation of the former, it is plain that the fresh orders are tacitly "sub conditione." But, secondly, there is nothing, as I conceive, in the nature of ordination which makes it profane to repeat it on just grounds, or reasonable scruple on the part of the church or its rulers. Ordination stands on a different ground from baptism. It is not a new creation, but a solemn devotion of a man to a particular office, accompanied by prayer, and, as we believe, an accession of the Holy Spirit. But though a man can be only once regenerate, he may be often renewed and quickened by the Holy Ghost, and there is no reason, a priori, why he should not receive an outward ordination (as he certainly may receive an inward call) to a new sphere of action in the church, as well as to a new office in it. I do not say that this has ever been the practice of the church, though I still think that something very analogous to it may be found in Acts xiii. But I say this to shew the difference between the two cases of re-baptizing and re-ordaining, and that the same risk of profanation does not attach to the last as, I admit, does in every doubtful case to the former. Accordingly, I need not remind you that the great body of ancient Christians allowed the validity of baptism (the matter and words being correct) whether conferred by heretics, schismatics, or laymen. But though the ancient church never re-baptized, they most certainly re-ordained in the case of the Meletian and Novatian Clergy, as appears from Theodoret, Eccles. Hist. 1. i. ix. and Conc. Nicen. can. 8. Still, I have no right or desire to judge devout and learned divines of another national church. If they come to sojourn among us satisfied with the commission which they have received, or if they desire our help in their efforts to convert the heathen, I gladly meet them as Christians and fellow-labourers. I rejoice sincerely that Christ is made known so widely through their means. I gladly admit them, (as I should desire myself to be admitted in Germany or Holland,) to the communion of our church, and to all that interchange of good will and good offices (as in the case of the Missionary societies of our church,) which is essential to our carrying on the Gospel work in concert. But I am not inconsistent with these feelings if I think that the difference between us, though it should not interrupt our communion, is in itself a mis |