has the Bees, which has fo much puzzled the Naturalift and Philofopher. It is generally agreed that the queen bee (as the is called) is the mother of the hive (for of a truth the lays all the eggs in the hive), and therefore the rifing generation, or fwarms, are all her progeny. She has been often feen to thruft the pofterior part of her body into the cells, depofiting an egg in each, fometimes to the amount of two or three hundred in a few hours: this an attentive obferver may often be witnefs of. Yet it fill remains an arcanum of nature how these eggs become impregnated; as no one, that I know of, has detected the drones (the only male bees in the hive, the workers being neuters) in the act of copulation with her. Some will have it, that the bees impregnate them in the cells, after the queen depofited them there; but, if I may be allowed to reafon from analogy, and from what I fhall relate in the fequel, eggs of it clearly appears to me that the the queen bee are impregnated whilft in her body, or ovary. For how can any one conceive an egg to be impreg nated by the male femen, after it is laid, as it were, in its neft? No doubt the egg of a bee, like that of all other oviparous creatures, has a tough cuticle Some or fhell to hold its contents. imagine it is left to float on feminal matter, which is injected into the cell by the bees after the egg is laid in it. But it is not very likely that this can be the cafe; for whit the feminal matter, and contents of the egg, remain feparated, no procreation can take place; but it will remain like a grain of corn that has loft its germen, totally unable to produce its like, though affitted by the most friendly warmth. Yet, when we attentively view a hive of bees by means of glaffes, we fee all order and regularity; every one attentive to his particular employ, as if overlooked by fome fuperior; and when the queen comes round, as if to examine their work, they all pay her the greateft refpect. Ou her appearance at the bottom of a comb, with an intention to pafs over it, they will inftantly leave off, and open a pallage through the whole length of the comb, in order for her to pafs; this I have been witnefs of; and which shows the honour and refpect paid to the fovereign by this little republic. The queen will pafs amidst bumbers of drones, without GENT. MAG. June, 1803. A being in the leaft molefted by them; which would not be the cafe with molt other creatures. But it must be confidered, that infects are most alert when on the wing, and which probably is the time thefe infects perform their amorous rites. And if we look around us, and obferve the very different ways which animals, birds, infects, and even plants, take to perform this very neceffary operation for the perpetuation of their fpecies; for inftance, the fwift, hirundo apis, as White obferves, after fpeaking of its wonderful agility on the wing, fays, "Even its amorous rites are performed on high. Few perfons who have attended to them on a fine fummer's morning, but must have feen them make their aerial courfes at a great height, encircling a certain fpace with an eafy steady motion. Oa a fudden they fall into each other's embraces, then drop precipitately, with a loud fhriek, for numbers of yards. This is the critical conjuncture; and to be no more wondered at, than that infects (a familiar instance) thould difcharge the fame duty in the fame element." Now, if birds are able to perform this whilft on the wing, much inore fo are infects in the fame element; daily obfervation convinces us of the truth of this. If this is the cafe, it is not unlikely but that bees perform the fame duty in the fame element; for it is well known that the queen bee, in fine weather, during the fummer months, utally takes an airing fhortly after noon, and stays abroad a short time. Her return may be known by the bees of her hive beating their wings, and holding their heads down, at the door of the hive, which is their expreflions of joy. Are not thefe diurmal rambles the times of her copulation? What, I think, corroborates this, is a circumftance related to me by a gentle man on whofe veracity I can depend, and whom I went to fee purpofely to difcourfe on the fubject of bees; who told me, as he one day was walking in a field, not far from his garden, he faw a number of bees flying along in a fu rious manner, as if purfuing each other, and then as fuddenly dropping down in the grafs; and thus they did for feveral times before he came up with them, which, however, he did as foon as he could, and found them clustered together; he took them in his hands, and carried them into a room for examina tion, tion, having previously fhut-to the door and window, that none thould efcape his oblervation. He very attentively examined them, and found them all to be males, or drones, excepting one, which was a queen bee. This circumftance happened in the latter part of the fummer, a fhort time before they are ufually extirpated from the hive by the indufirious neuters; which fhews that Nature compels them to perform this conjugal tie before their departure; and if they are like the aphides, which breed for ten generations without a male, we need not wonder at our not feeing the performance of a duty which is undoubtedly practifed in the open air. Before I quit this fubject, I must tell you, that one of my hives produced fast year no lefs than fixteen queens, which I took from them at different times. An infiance fimilar to this is fcarcely to be found in any of the writers on this fubject, excepting one; and that is Butler, who fays, "In the year 1633, there were bred in one hive no lefs than 17 queens." Mr. URBAN, T. S. June 8. affumed more the character of a mediator, in interceding for his people, than that of a criminal, whole atrocious violation of focial duty had, from every tribunal, human and divine, merited the feverelt vengeance! The following relates to Lord Rochefter: In his laft illness he was wounded both in body and mind. Now the hand of God had touched him; and, as he faid, it was not only a general dark melancholy over the mind, foch as he had formerly felt, but a most penetrating cutting forrow. So that, pain for fome weeks, yet the agonies of though in his body he fuffered extreme his mind fometimes fwallowed up the fenfe of what he felt in his body. He gave it in charge to be told to one, for whom he was much concerned, that, though there were nothing to come after this life, yet all the pleatures he had ever known in fin were not worth the torture he had felt in his mind. He confidered he had not only neglected and difhonoured, but had openly defied his Maker, and had drawn many others into the like impieties; fo that he A of opinions and principles mult great danger of being darned. He be found in example, I beg to fubmit the following infiances to you, of the effects of the Calvinistic opinions, and thofe of the true Church of England. In Hume's Hiftory of England, chap. ii. of the Commonwealth, A. D. 1658, is the following account of Cromwell's reflections on his paft life; and in a fmall publication of "Some Paflages in the Life and Death of the Earl of Rochefter," by Bishop Burnet, is the account of the penitence of Lord Rochefter. At length the fever increased, and he began to entertain fome thoughts of death, and to caft his eye towards that future existence, whofe idea had once been intimately prefent to him; though fince, in the hurry of affairs, and the fhock of wars and factions, it had, no doubt, been confiderably obliterated. He afked Goodwin, one of his preach ers, if the doctrine was true, that the elect could never fall, or fuffer a final reprobation?" Nothing more certain," replied the preacher. "Then I am fafe," faid the Protector," for I am fure that I once was in a fiate of grace." And fo far had the illufions of fanaticifm prevailed over the plainest dictates of natural morality, that he then fet himself wholly to turn to God unfeignedly, and to do all that was poflible, in the little remainder of life which was before him, to redeem those great portions of it, that he had formerly fo ill employed. The whole continued account of this repentance is interefting in the higheft degree. But fufficient has been detailed to form the contraft with the laft Cal viniltic opinions of Cromwell. Mr. URBAN, A S. M.-P. June 15. of your learned and ingenious N English reader will thank any correfpondents to give a good trandlation of the Latin infeription on Dr. Johnfon's monument in the cathedral of St. Paul; and a Latin reader withes to have the Greek characters, at the infeription, viz. ako, head of that decyphered; and, at the fame time, challenges any fcholar to prove that the Latin infcription is elegant and claffical. And I wish to hear likewife a defence, in point of Latin, of the fhort, but, I muft fay, offentively adulatory inferip ton, under the statue of Charles 11. at at the College of Phyficians, Warwick level of the fofs. The avenue here be lane : THE PURSUITS OF ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION. No. LXII. OLD SARUM. ing filled up with rubbish, it could not be purfued further. It is conjectured, as there is not the leaft appearance, in the fofs, of any opening, whereby this avenue had communication to the adjoining grounds, that its plan turned to the right and left, and was continued through the whole thickness of the entrenchment; but for what direct purpole, we, at this day, find it difficult to determine. The experiment of clearing away the obtructing materials might not a fruitless attempt, prove thereby to determine fo curious a mat either inclination, or the means, to fet ter; but where are thofe who have about fuch an act? Alas! men's ftudies are now nearly turned from the paths of Antiquity. Speculations in earth-works, for canals, lead-mines, coal-mines, copper-mines, tin-mines, &c. &c. are your only "rage." Hope, then, for antiquarian enterprife, headed by the great and affluent, is, I fear, but a meer illufion. A weak endeavour, to this purpofe, from a few individuals, circumfcribed by narrow means, is all this good old caufe; which caufe, I find, we are to look forward to, in aid of the decline. Oft has expectation made from conftant experience, feems to be on me conclude renovation was nigh: 800 PERHAPS there is no fpot in the kingdom where little more than geometrical lines, cut in the bofom of the ground, are left to guide the Curious in hiftoric fearch after evidences of grandeur, and lofty state, than this remain. The principal part of the defign, with reference to plan, is a circle of more than 1,500 feet in diameter, which, with the interior, or fecond circle, is well preferved; that is, as far as the earth-works go, as there are but few veftiges of the walls to be met with. The ufual approach is along a gradual afcent to the firft fofs, 140 feet wide, over which there is, at prefent, to the South Eatt, a narrow pals of earth (guarded by a mole of earth likewie) to the first mound, or entrenchment. Here is an opening into the area, but no appear ance of ftone-work, to mark the gate of entrance; nor, indeed, in tracing round the fummit of the intrenchment, is there any wall to be met with, except at the North Weft, where is an excellent fpecimen of fuch defence, forty feet in length, eight feet in thickness, and feet, a circular form ftill; when, hold about ten feet in height. Many of the facing-itones are left, regularly difpofed, the firft entrance, a fecond pafs over this ing on the South East direction, as at and nicely jointed. In this area (width, fecond fofs brought me to the grand from entrenchment to fecond fols, 310 feet) are three ridges of earth, ftretch-rance, leading into the fecond area. way became extremely difficult, the danger (or labour) was not a little from the declivity of the ground; and heightened by the immenfe maffes of wall, on either hand, hanging in a fufpended ftate, which marked out this have been all purloined, and the rubble terrific entrance. The facing-ftones alone remains; a very rock of mafonry; notwithstanding fome of the work is for, fo tenacious are the materials, that, fallen, it ftill retains the true pofition Although ing across the fpace (they being entrenchments for the fupport of interior walls). One bears to the South West, another to the North Eaft, and a third due Eaft. In the divifion to the North Eaft ftood the cathedral; and we are informed by Price, that, in his time, the foundations were vifible, though now no traces of them are left. The ridge bearing to the Eaft, where its line abuts against the encircling en trenchment, there has lately been difcovered, by the falling-in of the earth, a defcending avenue, of ftone-work, the courfe of which leads, through the thickness of the entrenchment, to the See his Obfervations on the Cathedral Church of Salisbury, 1753. dignified allociates figning their names foon fubfides, and cold indifference folto restore the fickly flame: but the heat lows the initials of the noble Lift. The fecond fofs is, in width, 122 The of the feveral courses. faults, faults, while defended by warlike zeal. That loft, and even thefe walls left defenceless and forfaken, they have become a prey to ruin; neighbouring buildings want wrought flone; coltages want hearth-ftones; and roads want ftones to repair them with. Time here has been but a looker-on, unemploved; a meer longer in this fcene of walte. Man, provident man, has reduced our inveftigations, fince Price furveyed this place, even to what we find, Come, it is well it is no worfe. We are in the fecond area (fill circular), width 318 feet. Nought but an indifcriminate heap of earth, deep dells, and irregular ridges, meet my fight; of wall not the least particle; and Conjecture, that kind attendant on all explorators, was wholly ufelefs on the occafion, a meer " fleeping" guide; fo I even gave up the purpofe, to arrange out the cafile wards, keep, hall, and the long et cetera, contenting myfelf, as I food in the centre of the whole work, by exclaiming, "Sarum! what art thou now but a prodigious elevation of earth! a filent recorder of the fate of names renowned! of holds, once frong and daring! What though, while here1 fet my foot, I can well figure to my felf the array of thy antient iron defenders; fee thein wield the fword, bend the bow, advance the lance, or raile the field; fee their mail enclofures glitter in the fun's refplendent beams; yet your pride of glorious arms is now no more. And fill, as I venture to fiand on the very brink of the encircling line to this, thy fecond area, to gain me a glimpfe on the other fpace below, juft where my brother Price lays down the file of the Cathedral Church, that I may imagine I behold the congregated brethren pafs on in folemn fiate; hear, through the floried windows tranfparem fhew, the fong of praife. The folemn founds fwell on the an.bient air, and now they die in diftant ailes. Subduing force of fweere harmony! I bow, in token of fubmiffion, my grim-vifaged attendants too let fall their uplifted weapons; their uproars ceafe; and they, like me, become ear-bound prifoners to the choral charm!" Wave, wave your magic wand, all po.ent fufceptibility, until my recollection of past events fubfide in a calm return to prefent occurrences! NEW SARUM, or SALISBURY. I fhall first mention, that there are Several antient houfes remaining in this city, conftructed with stone, of va` rious dimenfions; their dreffings regular, evincing great accommodation in their plans; and, from the number and lightfomenefs of the windows, and other decorations, manifefting that fuch abodes, when in their original order, diffufed every convenience requifite for confequential and chearful habitation. Surely, the customs and manners of our ancestors, three centuries pat, by fome writers, have been but fuperficially understood, or grofsly mitreprefented; or elfe we should not read in a new publication (on Gardening and Architecture), ideas to the following purport. The author, after prefuming to judge of the merits, and to condemn the demerits, of our antient Architecture, thinks gentlemen, who are raifing or repairing houfes in the country, will do well, in fome inftances, toimitate," to a certain degree, our antient modes, for the exteriors; but on no account to follow the practice in the interiors; as it is neceffary, at this day, to live comfortably within doors. The Market-crofs is a beautiful object; but has been moft cruelly defpoiled of the upper part of its defign. We fuppofe the finishings were fimilar to thote at Malmbury and Chichefter. The Clofe of the Cathedral is fur rounded nearly with lofty walls, embauled, having many hanging parapets, turrets; and, in their circuit, prefent four or more gates of entrance (much dilapidated), with a fols, and other particulars neceflary to a defenfive work. On the exterior of the wall, to the East, bearing on the Highfireet, are fuck a number of ornamented ftones, of Saxon performance, confiting of parts of enriched architraves, cornices, pateræ, ornamented compartments, buftos, &c. The seulpture is good; and, allowing for the public fituation, the mutilations are not very great. There is one particular buíto, placed in a circular-headed recefs, which bears the look of Roman: at any rate, I may prefume to affirm, I have feen things of this fort, no way fuperior, treasured in fplendid collec tions. Collectors, who never have been inftigated to look for “ Antiques" among our weeds, old walls, and ditches, at leafi at Salisbury, may now (who knows?) take a peep; and what, at prefent, ferves as a mark to throw fiones at, be, in future, placed in cabineted fecurity, as morfels rare and ineftimable. At any rate, it may be asked, how thefe relicks became inféried in a wall, railed about, or fubfequens to, the finishing of the prefent Cathedral Church? It is probable that, when the Cathedral was demolithed at Old Sarum, fome of the materials were brought from thence to be used in the new works going on in this place, now, to us who live, old works. Be this as it may, these ornaments should not be paffed by unheeded. AN ARCHITECT. (To be continued.) MEMOIRS OF Mr. ORME. (From the Afiatic Annual Regifter.) ROBRT ORME, who died in 1801, was fon of John Orme, an eminent furgeon on the Bombay eftablishment; and afterwards removed to Anjengo, where Robert was born June 1728. He was placed at Harrow school 1786; and removed 1742 to an acade my near London, to be inftructed in the theory of commercial bufinefs. His progrels here was proportioned to his quickness of capacity and affiduity of application at fchool. He was appointed a writer in the Company's fervice, 1744 or 1745, at Calcutta, where he had an elder brother feuled. From thence he went to Madras 1752, and in the following year returned to England in company with Captain, afterwards Lord Clive, with whom he lived on terms of the clofeft intimacy. Eight years refidence in India furnished him with a confiderable knowledge of the manners, customs, and infiitutions of its inhabitants, and the political conftitutions of the different fiates, which procured him an introduction to thofe who withed for information on the affairs of India, and to Lord Holdernefs, Secretary of State. He went to Madras, 1755, fourth member of the Council; and on the expedition under Admiral Watfon to recover Calcutta, which had been taken by Serauj-ud-Dowlah, Mr. O. fupported by Col. Laurence, procured the appointment of Col. Clive to command the land forces. The well-known refult evinced his penetrating fagacity and found judgment. Mr. O. took an active part in the deliberations of the Council of Madras, relative to the military operations in the Carnatic between 1755 and 1759, and was appointed by the Court of Directors eventual fuccef for to Lord Pigot in the government of Madras; but he did not continue there long enough to be raised to that hie |