i, the landing; k, a large stone slab 4 in. thick to finish the landing; and 7, the door leading to the gallery, m.

Fig. 104. is a section of the base and base mouldings of the pedestal.

Fig. 101. is a section of the cornice of the pedestal.
Fig. 100. is a section of the capital of the column.
Fig. 105. is a section of the base of the acroter.
Fig. 103. is a section of the cornice of the acroter.

These five figures of details are all drawn to the same scale, to show their relative proportions.

Fig. 102. is a horizontal section of one of the dovetailed keys, on a large scale. The length, as represented in the section, is 73 in., the width 4 in. at the two ends, and 3 in. in the centre. In a vertical direction they pass down through each course of the shaft at every joint, and 2 in. into the solid stone of the course below, as before observed, and as shown at g in fig. 95. They are of Yorkshire stone, and grouted in with Parker's best cement. In fig. 102., n is the joint in the stones of the outer wall, through which those keys pass, and o the cavity for the grout.

When the masonry of the monument was completed, in the month of December, 1833, the statue, which is by Mr. Westmacott, was not finished; and, as the artist at this time required several months longer for its completion, it was thought advisable to remove the scaffolding, notwithstanding the great expense that would be incurred by its re-erection; as, had it remained through the winter, the ropes would have become rotten by the frost, and the scaffolding would have been thereby rendered unsafe to bear the weight of hoisting up the figure. When the statue was completed, Mr. Nowell, in a very short time, erected a simple yet ingenious and scientific scaffolding of mere poles and ropes; and on the 8th of April, 1834, the statue of his late Royal Highness (having slings and chains round the arms, to which the tackle was attached) gradually ascended at about double the rate of the movement at the extremity of the minute hand of an ordinary-sized church clock, in presence of a vast number of spectators. The hoisting up of the figure was completed at half past seven o'clock the same evening.

Fig. 99. is a plan of the scaffolding. The statue was drawn up through the parallelogramic space at p.

Fig. 106. is a geometrical representation of the scaffolding, looking to the west. In this elevation are shown the space (pp) between the perpendicular poles, through which the statue was raised, and (q) the beams to which the blocks were attached.

The responsible task of raising the statue was performed with much ease and safety. It was elevated by means of four machines placed on the ground, which were worked upon the principle of the windlass. Four large blocks were attached to the beam at

q in fig. 106.; and four
smaller ones, called snatch
blocks, were fixed near
the ground. From the
crabs, or machines, the
ropes passed through the
snatch blocks up to the
larger blocks or pulleys
at the top, and then came
down to the statue, to
which they were attached.
By referring to fig. 96.
the
process will be readily
understood. In this figure
let us supposer to repre-
sent the four large blocks
fixed to the beams at the
top; s, the snatch blocks,
or four smaller ones, at
the bottom; t, the crabs;
and u, the weight to be
raised. The figure was
fixed on its pedestal by
means of bars of wrought
iron, 4 in. square, which
passed down through the
body and legs from the
waist, and protruded
through the heels of the
boots. These two bars
were inserted 2 ft. into the
solid stone, and firmly
fixed with solder.

Fig. 107. is a view from St. James's Park, showing the relative situation of the monument with the buildings that surround it. In the foreground are seen the elegant structures of Carlton Terrace, and, in the distance, the Athenæum, and the Travellers' Club-house.

The whole height of this monument is 123 ft. 6 in., and it is therefore

107

about the same dimensions as the column of which it is a copy, namely, the celebrated Trajan's column at Rome. The height of the statue is 13 ft. 9 in., which makes the whole height, from the ground line to the top of the figure, 137 ft. 3 in.; but when viewed from the bottom of the steps, at the level of St. James's Park, the altitude is 155 ft. 3 in.

It may not be uninteresting to compare the dimensions of this monument with that of Fish Street Hill, London, erected by Parliament from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren, to commemorate the burning of the city in the year 1666; and with the monument erected to the memory of Lord Melville in St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh. This latter monument is of much the same form as that of the Duke of York; but the column is fluted, and the pedestal ornamented with festoons. It is built of Killala stone, from the designs of William Burn, Esq., architect, Edinburgh; the building was executed by Mr. Alexander Armstrong of that place, and completed in August 1832.

Although the Duke of York's monument is much inferior in magnitude to that of Fish Street Hill, and to Melville's monument (the statue on the latter is 18 ft. high), it must nevertheless be looked upon as an undertaking of no ordinary merit: for, whether we consider the peculiarity of the artificial foundation; the successful method of forming the casing, or wall of the staircase, the steps, and the newel, all out of one piece; the difficulty of procuring blocks large enough for this purpose from Scotland, and that of finding vessels with hatchways sufficiently large to admit these blocks into their holds; the hardness of granite to work with the chisel; and the many other contingent circumstances; we must look upon this monument as a great and magnificent work.

It may be worthy of a passing remark, that the stairs of this monument, as well as that of Melville's monument, wind round to the left; while the stairs of the City monument wind round to the right; and the stairs to the "whispering gallery" of St. Paul's wind round a well-hole on the left. There is an important advantage in having spiral stairs winding to the left; because, in that case, the handrail, which ought always to be on the right in ascending, is attached to the outer wall, and therefore a person holding it in going up, walks upon the broadest part of the steps. * Including statue. + Including blazoned urn. Including statue.