"And may I ask,' I added, 'what you pay this precious Bursch for his important services? I ask, since I think of staying here this winter, and would therefore willingly enlighten myself on all matters of housekeeping.'

"And whose likeness is this which hangs in the midst?' I asked. That,' he replied, 'is the portrait of our famously.' Pawkdoctor, which cannot be wanting in any kneip.'

"On the third wall I beheld pipes of all forms and sizes, from the meerschaum to the clay pipe; and my polite host promised me at the next opportunity, to give me a lecture, as he expressed it, on these articles of furniture. My eye was now caught by the garniture which I beheld about the looking-glass. It was hung round with ribbons of various colours, and above it appeared the remains of garlands. As I noticed them, my host said-See, those are flowers out of the mourning garlands which deck many a departed friend who sleeps in the cool earth; which we carefully preserve.'

"And the ribbons with the many inscriptions and the dates?" I asked. 6 Those,' said he, are my Chorebrothers; and the date indicates the foundation-day of our Verbindung.'

"A servant for a pound a-year! Was the like ever heard!'

666 You must recollect,' said Freisleben, that we are for the rest of the day attended by the house-besom,' the student phrase for housemaid, who also in Berlin is styled schlavin, or she-slave.”

German students, like indeed, all other corporations, associations, or castes of men, as the gipsies, colliers, sailors, have a slang of their own; and a fondness for nicknames. Besides Foxes of all kinds, they have, as our readers must know, Philistines,—and, indeed, all who are not students are distinguished by this term. Here is the House-Philistine, as described to the stranger :

"Our House-Philistine must provide for all our domestic necessaries, bringing in the account monthly, which "On the fourth wall were to be seen a Schläger with however, we are not obliged so very exactly to pay. They the Chore-colours; a chore-cap and a guitar, with several furnish us with wood, lights, &c. coloured rosettes. There stood also a little table, and upon monly brew for ourselves, in its proper machine. For the it apparatus for drinking and smoking; a large Deckel- lodging, consisting of two rooms, we pay perhaps from glass with a lid, having upon it an engraved inscription, thirty to forty gulden, and the house-besom [the maid"Traumansdorf to his Freisleben, 18th of July, 1838;' an servant] receives besides, each semester, two kronen thaelegant little casket with tobacco, a spill-vase, a study-ler-nine shillings, English.' lamp, a vessel denominated the Pope, to receive the "Upon my word, you live right reasonably in Heidel

"And are all the students, then, accustomed to take their dinners there?'

“O, no. Part of them at the Gasthouses (inns;) part here and there, with private people, who keep a table for us, and even send us, if required, our meals up into our chambers. About thirty of us took our dinners at this aforesaid widow's, and paid each twenty kreutzers the day (not quite seven-pence.) But towards the conclusion of the last semester, it was no longer to be endured!

simply and eternally cow-beef-and at last it grew still Thereupon it was absolutely necessary to give Madame, the Philistine, a lecture.'

worse.

* Excuse me,' I interrupted, but I must first beg for a solution of the term Philistine, which you so often

use.'

We comprehend all who are not students under the name of Philistines. In a more restricted sense, we understand by Philistines, inhabitants of the city, and distinguish them from the Handwerks-Burschen, by giving to the latter the title of Knoten; and the shopkeepers' young men that of Schwünge, or Ladenschwünge, that is, Pendulums, or Shop-pendulums.'"

6

6

The student's landlord, we have said, is styled the House-Philistine, the landlady the Philose; a fellowlodger is a House-Bursch; a chum, a Stuben-Bursch. “But,' I interposed, it seems to me that you enjoy your comfortable room very little, spite of all its comforts, if you neither dine nor take your tea there of an evening.' Tea!' he exclaimed, tea! yes that is a right good beverage, but for daily use a little too sentimental. Look you our course of life is this:-In the morning we pursue our studies over a cup of coffee, and a pipe of tobacco; then we go to the classes. About twelve o'clock we dine; then to the coffee-house; and how much we study after that, or how we otherwise employ ourselves, you will presently see. But in the evening we resort to the Kneip, and drink no tea, but beer; and to the Kneip we now cordially invite you.'

The morality of the Burschen on some points is sufficiently lax, if the following be faithful portraiture, which we hope may be doubted :

6

spurs, chore-tassels for the embellishment of pipes, ridingwhips, and money to the amount of a doubel. What is more than that must be merely taken in loan, if it be there to take."

Every genuine Bursch, the member of a chore, has generally a favourite dog; his constant friend and companion: the dog is often, it is said,—

"The best of chamber attendants, bringing in the If he returns home at night rather inspirited by Bacchus, he accommorning his master's slippers and pipe. panies him as a safe conductor, often bearing things which he has unwittingly dropt, after him.

excellent guide. He led his master home every evening; "A dog at one of the universities was well known as an coat, and pulled him back; if he fell down, he barked if he turned into a wrong street, he seized him by the loudly till he rose again; and when they arrived at the house, the sagacious animal knew very well how to ring

the bell.

of waggery. Thus it is said, that once in Leipsic, the "They are also made use of in many a prank or piece students accustomed their dogs to the most frequent christian names of the ladies of that city, and so soon as they came readily at that unusual call, the ungallant sons of the Muses allowed themselves the unpardonable joke of shouting aloud those names in the public walks, so that it is said, the fair sex in surprise quitted the field.

"We still see these creatures made co-workers in many a frolic. At the dinner table, in the public walk, in the fencing-school, and in the evening at the Kneip, everywhere must the dog attend his master. He must eat with him in the same house; the master, indeed, in the chamber, the dog in the kitchen; for which repast, however, is allowed on the dog's behalf two kreutzers a-day. Neither are combats wanting between them, whereby they may the more resemble their masters, and to which the masters, in fact, conduct them. In these dog-duels goes often much worse than in those of their lords, for they seize each other so furiously that it is often difficult to separate them."

it

dog and his student-master is but temporary, which diminishes the charm. The dog is generally left a legacy to

a friend, and sometimes has no master but the whole chore; nor home, save the kneips. The Pipe obtains full and honourable mention. The rural and summer amusements of the students of Heidelberg,-their holiday processions, and excursions far and near, are described; and also their winter festivities. In the works of recent travellers, we have frequent passing glimpses of them, in the Hartz Mountains, amid the Black Forest, or in Switzerland; dirty, jovial, roistering fellows, drinking beer and singing night and day; and sometimes begging. They do not ride to cover quite so systematically as the Oxford his gun; and they all rarely enjoy the neighbouring men, yet the solitary student sometimes roves abroad with wakes and fairs. Church-wakes seem still as common in Germany, as they were in England three hundred years since; but the Kirchweihs of Germany merit attention, independently of the students, as a trait of ancient

No make-believe in the dog-fights; which is so much "In the persiflage on the Burschen-comment, entitled the better, where there is fighting at all, as the best way Dissertatio de Quomodone, etc.,' by Martial Schluck, to put an end to it. Even dogs who have enjoyed a fair from which we have before quoted, it is said, an honour-set-to learn forbearance. Yet the connexion between the able Bursch has the right not to pay his debts; that is, he may schwanzen and squiscion himself, make a squis in his shoes,--meaning that he may sacrifice his tail like a fox, who will rather lose his tail than his life; and thus will the student rather leave behind him his trunk and cloak-bag, than wait to be clapped into prison.' "When a student attends a lecture which ought to be paid for, but does not pay for it, he is said to hospitiren; and he is allowed twice or three times to hospitiren. If, however, he does this for a whole semester, in order to devote the price of the lecture to some other object, the students call this to shoot a lecture. The description of this term, is also thus explained by Schluck. The student has the right to seize upon other people's property, that is, to shoot, to prefer, to lay the charge upon another. This is a new mode of putting oneself in possession of something; that is to commit a theft of a lifeand-soulless thing, and call it only a half-theft. Shooting distinguishes itself essentially from stealing. First, by the student privately conveying it away at once; and, secondly, by giving the owner of the property notice of what he had done, after it is done. This mode of taking possession is not so much according to our customs as those of the Lacedæmonians, which brought no shame to any one by the statutes of Lycurgus, but rather honour and fame, to him who unobserved and in a clever style carried off any thing.

"The principal objects of conveyance, are pipes, stick,

manners:

"The reader must not alarm himself with the fear that we are going to bore him with an essay on church solemnities-we allude only to those popular festivities with which the anniversary of the dedication of a church is celebrated. As is often the case, this feast has lost its original intention; scarcely any one thinks of the meaning of the word, which in the mouth of the ordinary people is corrupted to Kerve. Every little nest,

much too poor for the possession of a church, yes, many | Certain youngsters have seated themselves beside them an individual public-house, even, has its particular Kirch-in a state of considerable perplexity, whether they shall weih. By what authority it has usurped this name and be held fast by the wise conversation of these elders, or holiday, nobody troubles himself to inquire. People are shall follow the bewitching sounds of youthful merriquite contented that, through these Kirchweihen, of ment. which one or more fall out within their reach every Sun- "At the next table, a knot of Bauers, carry on a day during the summer, they find occasion to dance, zealous discourse, of which one catches these syllables in drink, and sing. From every city gate then presses passing,-Oney think o' that now; that the thing can forth a motley group; the worthy burger, the Hand-run so wi'out hosses. It's got the devil in't's body, an’ werksbursch, the alert young dressmaker, the homely that the outlandish folk have fun' out again?" It is the housemaid, all are crowding forward in a promiscuous railroads that have thrown the fat farmers into such a heat, throng. Amongst them one descries companies of a and they raise themselves into such a fidget with talking higher grade, which rejoice themselves in the splendid of the steam engines, that they blow as much smoke out summer's day. In the midst of this tumult of their earthen pipes, called by the students earthly the students are also to be seen following the current of pipes, as the engines themselves can send out steam. the great stream in smaller or greater companies. If in modern times the singular attire less distinguishes him from the crowd, yet the practised eye readily singles out the student from the Handwerksbursch and the shopassistant. On the countenance of the Handworker we see displayed the joy which he feels to find himself once more for a day able to flee from the dusty workshop, and the pride of showing himself in his Sunday bravery, in the astonished eyes, as he believes, of the world. This holiday array he has truly often thrown upon his back in a queer enough style. In black frock-coat, white trousers, high cravat, and glittering boots, stalks he clumsily along, and his rude taste extends itself to the very pipe which he carries in his hand. On the contrary, the Pendulum [the shopman] has clad himself after the newest French fashion. All is smoothed and polished off to a nicety. He looks like a dish that the hungry Nero has licked into the most elegant cleanness. Scarcely dare he turn himself in his beautiful clothes lest he should crumple the ornate and artistical knot of his neckcloth; lest he should derange the nice tornure of his locks. He wheels himself aside only to see whether the admiring gaze of the fair sex is not following him. Nothig, would the student say-that is, it would be well for him if he did!'

"The student disdains, Knoten-like, to beautify himself on a Sunday. One day is like another to him; he can devote it either to study or to pleasure. So, as on other days, he lounges carelessly along. His attire is not studied, but it is convenient; and according to individual taste, more or less excellently chosen. A short frockcoat, often of a peculiar cut, and the little cap, are all that distinguish him."

Here we have the German Bartlemy or Donnybrooke Fair,-both, alas! now no more :--

"The Kirchweihs which in the neighbourhood of Heidelberg are the most noted, are those of Neckarsteinach and Kirscheim. Thither, some years ago, some of the most conspicuous burger families were accustomed to make an annual rustic pilgrimage of pleasure. This glory is gone by; yet we should recommend the latter still as the best place in which for the stranger to witness this folks'-feast, if so we may term it. We follow the sound of obstreperous music, and enter a garden where a motley multitude presents itself to our sight. All the tables are filled; people eat and drink, chatter and smoke, laugh and sing, all in one chaos of merry confusion. Hither and thither, where an impatient guest thumps vigorously on the table with his glass, run the waiters in the student's tongue, Faxe. At one table an honest burger company has planted itself, and over a glass of wine, weigh seriously whether the European balance of power can be maintained, and criticize the government of the city.

But at another table we behold the dear image of youth. The Handwerksbursch, who treats his maiden with wine and cakes; the school youth who is there playing off the bursch before them, but looks round, ever and anon, lest the original that he is counterfeiting be near, or his teacher, who walking this way might reprove his presumption; the fresh country maiden, and the gay damsel of the city, all desire to make themselves amiable, and seek by their tittering and laughter, to let every one observe that they are capitally entertained by their swains.

"One table is occupied by the students, who, revelling in a rich repast, now look up at the beauty of the NeckarThal, and now mix themselves in the throng, whispering with this and that maiden, to whom their shepherds cast frowns like thunder-clouds. But careless of this, the sons of the Muses conduct them forward to the dancingfloor:

And all already dance like mad-
Juchhe! Juchhe!

Juchheisa! Heisa! Ha!

So goes the fiddle-bow.

"Faster and faster goes the music, and ever madder whirls the waltz. In complete equality and freedom seem here the most opposite elements to be mingled. The atmosphere is already smothering hot, and clouds of dust fly up. But that matters not. He that finds it too hot flings off his coat, and dances in his shirt sleeves; he that does not find the music keep time, helps it with the stamping of his foot. All seems totally happy-all unity. But the wine has, meantime, heated their heads, and suddenly in one corner of the hall rises a terrible hubbub. The strife has arisen about that maiden who, there weeping, endeavours to part the combatants. What would the silly Knoten?' cries a student. Then springs wrathfully forth a brisk tailor. What be we! Knoten be we? dirt be we? Who says that, is an ass, and I say it! A swarm of students that have rushed into the saloon raise a burst of hearty laughter. Then blazes the wrath of the Handwerksburschen;- Brother Hamburger! brother Leipsicer!' they cry. Numbers of them rush together, and strike with sticks, chair-legs, and bottles, at the little knot of students furiously, who grimly stand on their defence."

"Gentlemen, recollect how often phrenologists, from the outward form of the skull, have drawn correct conclusions. Recollect the allocation of distinguished heads as they are to be seen in plaster in the English and Ger

man museums.

when the splashing of the distant fountains were only heard besides, produced an extraordinary effect.

"Thus it happens that songs of simple contents and of simple airs, spread themselves rapidly amongst the people, and by no other means in Germany can you so speedily operate on the popular mind as through the medium of such songs. In almost every different place you hear different songs. The Bauer, the Handworker, the Sportsman, in short, each and all have their peculiar songs in abundance, which are never out of their mouths. Do all Germans then sing, and sing they every where? some one may ask. No, don't fear that you would actually be deafened with singing in Germany. The Bundestag, when it holds its sittings; the Landtag, when it is in debate; the statesman in the business of his office; the learned man writ ing his dissertation, and many other people, don't sing; in short, people do not sing in their solemn affairs, though the opera makes them do so. But amongst those who have nothing better to do, the little children who have yet no proper voices, or initiated ears for it, and the very old people who have partly sent their teeth before them into another world, are the only ones that don't sing. The young sing much, the care-free young still more; and the students perhaps most of all.

"FREISLEBEN.-Yes, they have drawn some very neat conclusions, but we know very well how that stands. The false conclusions have been carefully put out of sight; and yet sufficient of them have come to the daylight to render the phrenologists ridiculous. They are, indeed, often still more innocent, the worthy demonstrators only seeing that which they knew very well before. Recollect also what a sagacious German naturalist says: -The proof of the demonstration which the phrenologist makes is, in most cases, as superficial as the demonstration itself. Let a man eat a shovelful of salt, according to the prescription of Aristotle, with the person upon whose head and heart he makes so superficial a judgment, and he will then find what will become of his former judgment. But to err is human, and that not exclusively, for it is sometimes the fate of angels.' Talent, and the endowments of the spirit, generally have no signs in the solid portion of the head. To prove this, let the selected casts of thinking heads, and selected ones of fools and not-thinking men, be placed side by side; and not the head of the learned man, of a careful education, be placed in opposition to that of the worst specimen of the totally uneducated country booby. Bedlam is peopled with inhabitants, who, if they did not stand staring as if chilled into stone, or smiling at the stars, or listening to the songs of the angels, or would "It is this also which gives heart to the student; and blow out the dog-star, or stood trembling with folded how can he who is called the son of the Muses do otherarms,—if, in fact, they were not judged by these aberra-wise than be obedient to his divine mother? The sotions, but by the shape of their heads alone, would command the highest respect. Still less can we draw correct conclusions from the shape of the living head than from the bare skull itself. A skilful artist, without exceeding the bounds of the probable, would be able to cast in wax a covering of muscles and skin for the head of any skeleton, and give it an expression which would possess any aspect that he pleased.

"What an immeasurable leap from the exterior of the body to the interior of the soul! Had we a sense which enabled us to discover the inner quality of bodies, yet would such a leap still be a daring one. It is a well established fact, that the instrument does not make the artist; and many a one with a fork and a goose-quill would make better sketches than another with an English case of instruments. Sound manly sense soon sees into this; it is only the passion for innovation, and an idle sophistry, soothing itself with false hopes, which will

not see it."

The rest we leave to those who care for the subject. Next to being a terrible smoking people, the Germans are universally a singing people; and the students, who enjoy an affluence of songs, share the distinction. Take, says Dr. Cornelius, from Germany its wine, its songs, and yet a third particular of a less noble character, [Qy. Its beer, or its pipes?] and it will become quite another country.

called Commers-Books contain a rich collection of songs,
so that the student can be in no embarrassment to find
one suitable to the moment.
He finds here a song
adapted to every occasion, and to every mood of mind.
Before all, social songs are in requisition when the stu-
dents are assembled at their Kneip for a merry meeting.
As the larger assemblies of this kind are called Com-
mers, so the song-books are called the Commers-Books."

On this head we need not expatiate, as our readers Books from our pages, where, within the last six months, must have obtained a good notion of the Commers

these festivities are described.

The chapter on drinking customs starts with a text gods drunk nectar-the gods, exempt from all the cares proper for debating in a Tea-Total Club:-"Have the of mortal existence!-and shall then poor mankind be envied the enjoyment of their earthly nectar? No; not without cause was it celebrated by all the ancient poets. Even the great Reformer himself joined in its praise."

On this we have the translation of the song, Old Noah, which it is to be feared some of the Friends may judge to verge on the profane.

A special or extraordinary Commers is often celebrated at some country inn, and forms a "great occasion." These solemnities are sometimes observed by the Heidelberg students at the sign of the Harp at Neckarsteinach ; when a long train of youths is seen to approach, either by land or water, coloured caps shimmering, naked swords glancing, their barges or steeds decorated with ribbands and garlands, as we see in the procession of the MayDay London Chimney-Sweeps, or those of the carmen, gardeners, &c. &c., in many places:

“The common man in Germany sings as he goes to his labour; he sings while he works, in order to enliven himself, and when he has concluded he naturally sounds forth his song of satisfaction. A pleasure, without the accompaniment of singing, he does not understand. Thus the foreigner, who has a taste for singing, hears, "The inhabitants see gladly these guests arrive in the with surprise, a chorus-song resounding from a public-place; as the Burschen, on one such a day, make a house, or passing along the streets, which might not sustain a very severe criticism, but which does all ho- greater expenditure, or in common parlance, moult more nour to the uneducated singers. So they establish them- little town do in a whole year. feathers, than as many honourable inhabitants of the selves in the smallest villages into Gesang-vereine, (sing-whole house is in the most universal bustle. ing-companies,) and the author recollects with particular servants and waiters run to and fro; in the kitchen all pleasure, a serenade, which he heard in returning late the hands of all the cooks are in active agitation, in one evening from Schriesheim, in the village of Hand- order to fulfil the command of the landlady. There will schuhsheim; and also the delightful choral-song, which sit a sleepy maid nodding in a chair, since for two days, a company of peasants and peasantesses, frequently

raised in the summer evenings in the castle-gardens at

The

House.

*See Burschen Melodies, No. V.-"A Batch of Genuine

Schwetzingen, and which in the stillness of twilight, Comers-Leider."—Tait's Magazine for April, 1841.

Pass we some long stories, and also the New Year festivities, to reach the student about to depart from Burschedom into the land of the Philistines. Up to the time of his departure, he is liable to be summoned forth, much in the manner in which the banded London 'Prentices, or the crafts of the Hans Town, and of many other places, wont to be called out in cases of emergency. The slogan on these occasions is, "Bursch, come forth!" which is shouted in the streets by those who run on acting Fiery Cross. In 1827, some refractory or rebellious students of Heidelberg were ordered by the Grand Duke to be arrested, or placed in confinement in their lodgings. Their trial was begun immediately, and would have been completed in the same day, save for the general rise.

that is, since the Commers was announced to them, there has been no sleep in the eyes of any of the ministering spirits; but she is quickly roused up with a vengeance in order to assist in the general activity. All, however, is still and solitary in the yard; for the poor feathercattle have been compelled to yield up their young lives, in order to parade on the table of these honoured and swarming guests. Above, in the great hall, is a long table covered. Every window is adorned with green and flowery garlands and festoons, and at that end of the hall where the seat of honour is placed, there is emblazoned on the wall the great and painted coat-of-arms of the Verbindung, embellished with flowers and ribbons. The musicians now take their places in the orchestre above; the sons of the Muses appear in the hall, and the "The ringleaders through the city, with a loud Bursch, feast is opened. After the cloth is drawn the proceed- come forth!' drew the students together from all quarings at table are such as we have described in the Ge- ters, and rushed with them, with great uproar, into the neral Commers, except that, at this Commers, no beer is front of the university, where the Senate had speedily drunk, but wine only; and you may soon hear the re-assembled, and stood in presence of the tumultuous port of out-flying Champagne corks, as the toasts of the throng at an open window. Instead of applying to the Chore are given, or those upon and connected with the Protector, as they should have done, had they ground of Land Prince, when the Commers is celebrated on his complaint, they even treated with contempt two sumbirth-day. monses from the Senate to send deputies to explain their claims or demands, and immediately in the face of the Senate proceeded, with load outeries, to make a desperate onset on the door of the adjoining academical building, with sticks and kicks, so that the upper beadle, to prevent further mischief, was obliged to liberate the incarcerated students. This being accomplished, they commenced their march forth towards Schwetzengen.

"In the so-called Foundation Commers, it is customary for the Senior to deliver a short speech, in which he takes a review of the fortunes of the Verbindung, or Chore, from its establishment, and particularly mentions the names of those who have belonged to it, and are now gone forth from it into busy life.

"As they do not return from such a Commers, at the earliest, till the noon or the evening of the next day, all kind of follies and mad-cap playfulness are resorted to, to make the time pass merrily. Amongst these may be classed the Lord of Fools.' A great throne is built up of tables and chairs, upon which one of the students is placed. He is equipped as a king, with his crown, sceptre, and other insignia. The others are his devoted subjects, who bring him a great humper, or large glass, such as every Chore possesses. The Prince of Fools now sings."

A clever, lively, nonsense song follows:

I am the Prince of Fooling,
Here o'er the topers ruling;
And ye, the gods, do send on,
My Princeship to attend on.

[All sing.] To wait on your divineness,
With wine of every fineness,
That's why we here are standing,
All at your dread commanding.'

When the song is concluded, the Prince descends, and the next student takes his place, till the whole round is gone, and the High Jinks concluded:—

"The convivial meeting sits till late in the night; and the next day they amuse themselves with all kinds of frolics and merriments. They sometimes make processions through the village, at the head of which one of them rides on the back of the Red Fisherman, or an ass. They climb the neighbouring ruined castles, which are perched on the mountains, and let their songs thence resound over the country.

"These gambols and outbreaks of youthful spirits, full of life, strength, and enjoyment, and which thus are ready to overleap all bounds in the excitement of leaving behind for a day or so all study, and giving themselves up in fine weather, and beautiful scenery, to the full swing of their fancies and feelings, especially such a troop of youngsters being together, have always characterized the students. The Commers then, being brought to a close, they generally return by boat to the city of the Muses. If this is in the evening, the barge is illuminated, and when they approach the city, fireworks are played off. As they land they proceed to their Kneip, and there wind up the feast."

"The whole city was in uproar. The shops were closed out of fear of the wild faction. Every where chaises rattled through the streets; the boot-foxes ran here and there; the inhabitants looked full of trouble out of their windows; when a student, with his sword in his hand, galloped through the streets with the fearful cry— Bursch, come forth!' most of the students went along with the train, only because the Comment, or Students' Code of Laws, demanded it, without well knowing for what purpose. The wild throng rushed into the houses of the dilatory, in order to rouse them out of bed. Hastily, every one packed up what was most necessary and threw it into the carriage, or buckled it upon a horse; and when no longer carriage or horse was procurable, the boot-foxes must become baggage-bearers.

"In order to rouse all into a necessary degree of resentment, and to keep it up, the ringleaders circulated false stories. They spread it every where that the authorities had dragged the students out of their beds in the night; that they had thrust them into a hole where none could

stand upright, and where there was not a single seat to rest upon; while the fact was, that they who were said to have suffered so much maltreatment in the night, were conducted to the academical buildings in clear daylight. Yet, in the excitement of the moment, these false reports found credit, and with the Bursch, come forth !' which raged like a running fire through the streets, they availed, in a very short time, to bring the whole student host together.

66

They who were on horseback placed themselves at the head of the procession; rode hither and thither, in order to quicken the motions of the dilatory, and to maintain the whole train in order. A long line of carriages followed them, of every description that could be got together in the haste of the occasion. Part were chaises, in which the students rode; part were wagons, on which were hastily loaded their packages. All the students had armed themselves in haste, as well as they might, with swords, rapiers, and pistols. They who found no place in the carriages, or on horseback, went on foot, and a great swarm of boot-foxes followed, who were loaded with all kinds of house-gear, as pipes, dressinggowns, coats, and so on. A vast crowd of people, consisting of school-youths, who had to thank the students