gave them some particular intelligence, which induced the Commodore to steer for Paita, on the coast of Peru. Here they suddenly landed a detachment from the ships, took possession of the town, and obtained a very rich booty in plate and merchandize. Though this was a surprise, and the town was burnt on failure of a ransom, after the manner of the olden time, yet the behaviour of Anson, and his liberal conduct towards the prisoners, met with grateful acknowledgment. Some strange freaks certainly occurred in the pillage, but the compassionate gallantry of these officers was conspicuous in all cases of moment. A quantity of rich embroidered clothing being found-which the captors were unwilling to leave behind-as a convenient as well as triumphant mode of conveyance, they put it on, either in lieu of, or over, their own jackets and trousers, without regarding for which sex the articles had been intended, nor did they neglect the bag-wigs and laced hats. In this guise, they were so ludicrously metamorphosed, that their own officers could scarcely recog the voyage, having been forced into a commodious In taking stores and provisions out of the Anna, it was discovered that she was worn to such an extent as to be no longer sea-worthy; she was, therefore, broken up, and her munitions and men distributed among the other ships. The three men-of-war had left England with 961 men on board, of whom 626 were dead before this time; and the number that were left were barely sufficient to man the Centurion; an appalling circumstance, when they expected every day to fall in with the fleet under Pizarro. What became of him we shall presently have occasion to mention. At the commencement of September, after a residence on Juan Fernandez of 104 days, the men were tolerably well recovered, and preparations were made to resume the enterprise, with a constancy of resolution which, under all the conditions of the case, was truly admirable. On the 8th, while thus employed, a sail appearing in the offing, the Centurion weighed, and once more went in chase, to the exhilaration of all hands; the stranger, however, had the heels of them; but on the third day, they captured a large Spanish merchantman from Callao. From the passengers, they obtained the knowledge of the force and destination of Pizarro's squadron; and they had the satisfaction to find, the Admiral had wholly failed in his attempt to double Cape Horn, that two of his largest ships were lost, and that the remainder had put back into the River Plata. But advice of the British force had been sent overland, and an embargo laid upon all shipping by the Viceroy of Peru, in order to frustrate any designs against the trade. Eight months, however, having elapsed without any intelligence of the Commodore, the Spaniards were induced to believe that he had perished; and consequently, the embargo had lately been taken off. From this time, the ships continued to cruize, with success, against the trade, making several rich captures; but they were compelled to destroy the Tryal, as her framework was totally decayed; the officers and men were, however, turned over to a fine captured vessel, commissioned by the name of the Tryal's Prize; and twenty guns were mounted in her. In one of their prizes, they found an Irishman, who In the After the sacking and destruction of Paita, our reanimated people proceeded towards Acapulco, to look out for the grand galleon from Manilla; touching at Quibo, an isle of Buccaneer celebrity, on their passage. But on their arrival off the port, they learned that the golden ship had already reached her destination, and was again preparing for sea. flowing tide of expectation, that the harvest of their fortunes was now ripe, and only required a little skill in reaping, they continued their incessant attention and anxious watchings for the galleon, taking such a position as should prevent the cruizers being seen from the land; but, unfortunately for them, the Spaniards had received notice of their close neighbourhood, and the sailing of the rich carrack was stopped for that year. Disappointment and dejection succeeded their ardent impatience, and passing from the extreme of hope to that of despondency, the men despaired of ever obtaining the prize. Anson had to digest these bitters, but, with his usual moral energy, shifted his tacks, completed his wood and water at Chequetan, scuttled his prizes as incumbrances, and on the 6th of May, 1742, bade farewell to the coast of America, in order to prosecute his voyage across the Pacific Ocean. Since their departure from Juan Fernandez, the men had enjoyed uninterrupted health; but the scurvy again broke forth, and made dreadful havoc among them. Here one is surprised at the want of percep tion among the officers, and especially the medical ones, who having witnessed the efficacy of acid fruits, in that afflicting malady, did not strip the lime-trees of Quibo and Chequetan, and express the antiscorbutic juice, as a reserve; but the full developement of Anson's own views, was reserved for the judicious and celebrated Cook. Indeed, it cannot be denied that our voyagers were very much at sea respecting the cause and effects of the visitation; for the principal surgeon, before they had experi enced its fatal effects in the warm latitudes, had very pragmatically pronounced the scurvy to be owing to the coldness of the climate, which, by destroying the tone of the blood, made it unfit for circu lation. Q.E.D. While, therefore, sufficient weight for its generation was not assigned to mephitic air, bad salt provisions, and scant supply of polluted water, the best precautions to abate the misery were not likely to be used. But a regulation was adopted in the Gloucester, which, in cases of sickness, or of distress from scarcity of provisions, is well worth following; since, after all, scurvy proceeds from a derangement of the digestive powers in a vitiated state of the stomach, and through that organ alone can it be radically cured. Some of the crew who best understood fishing were employed, as a matter of duty, to fish for the whole ship's company, the sick to be first provided for: if other persons desired to fish, they were permitted only on condition that whatever they caught should be on the general account. us that the Spaniards term it Buona Vista, “à cause de ses agrémens." Walter's description, therefore, of Tinian, is highly coloured, especially as to the fertility of the soil and salubrity of the air; but he admits there were no running streams, and that the place swarmed with rats, flies, moskitos, ticks, and centipedes. Moreover, there was a disadvantage that could not be concealed, in that the ground of the roadstead was foul and unsafe, from the patchThe Gloucester had long been both leaky and es of sand being interspersed with coral rocks. weak, but the water so increasingly gained upon her, The badness of holding on this ground was ruethat, on the 13th of August, she put forth signals of fully experienced; for by the middle of Septemdistress, and was found to be in so crazy a condition, ber, many of the recovered men had returned on that it was deemed requisite, for the preservation of board, and the other convalescents were to embark in her enfeebled crew, to remove them into the Centu- a few days. But on the 21st, it blew a hard gale rion. To prevent the ship from falling into the hands from the eastward, which causing a great sea to tumof the enemy, on being abandoned, she was set on ble into the road tore the ship from her moorings, and, fire and destroyed. Thus the Centurion alone, out of a though the sheet-anchor was immediately dropped, potent squadron, was destined to return home; and she had driven too far off the bank for it to hold: she of her remaining crew, numbers were doomed to see was, therefore, forced out to sea, leaving the Comland no more. The baneful influence of the sickness modore, with several of his officers, and upwards of and debility was aggravated by the additional num- a hundred of the crew, behind. The wind blew so ber of the diseased men received from the Glouces- violently that her signals of distress were not dister, and the dirt, nauseousness, and stench, were in- tinguished by those in the tents, and the glare of tolerable; while, to add to their miseries, a west-lightning prevented the explosion of her guns from erly wind had thrown the ship so far out of her being observed. course, that the navigators knew not whether they were to windward or leeward of the Ladrone Islands. At length, in about twice the length of time usually required for the passage, they discovered and stood for Tinian, with but faint hopes of obtaining the necessary supplies. On the 28th of August, they anchored in the road, and sent a boat in shore to survey the place; which shortly returned with a captured proa, contained a Spaniard and four Indians, who had mistaken the Centurion for the Manilla galleon. From them they gained information that the island was uninhabited, but abounded with all sorts of cattle, and produced a great variety of fruits; indeed, by this time, they were enabled to observe from the ships numerous herds grazing in different parts of the island; and the whole prospect of the country afforded a delightful view, having more the appearance of a well-settled place than one without inhabitants. The Spaniard was a serjeant, commanding a party of Indians, belonging to Guahan, who had been employed in jerking beef for the garrison of that island; and a small bark lay ready to receive it, which the Commodore detained. Death had, by this time, so diminished the ship's company-composed of the united remains of the Gloucester, Tryal, and Anna-that when the sick were landed, they were unable to muster more than seventy-one capable of standing to a gun; and among these were included several negro and Indian prisoners. Scarcely, however, had they brought up, before the same considerate attention was manifested toward the sick as at Juan Fernandez; and the abundand supply of beef, pork, and poultry, with vegetables, water-mellons, oranges, limes, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit, recruited the almost exhausted strength of the invalids. This was a source of inexpressible joy to all hands; and Walter tells us, "Notwithstanding the debility and the dying aspects of the greatest part of our sick, it is almost incredible how soon they began to feel the salutary influence of land; for, though we buried twenty-one men on this and the preceding day, yet we did not lose above ten men more during our whole stay here." To the excited crew of the Centurion, this was an earthly paradise; and a French geographer assures The state of the ship at this moment was utterly unfit to meet such a deplorable extremity. The leaks, which before were bad, had increased; the lanniards of the shrouds were loose; the topmasts unrigged; the fore and main yards lowered; the remnant of the bower cables hanging from the hawseholes; and two more an-end, to which the sheetanchor was bent. In this wretched state they were driven about by the winds and tides. But there is something rather surprising to the seaman, in what took place under Mr. Saumarez; for instead of heaving up the sheet-anohor, which for four days was suffered to drag at her bows with 200 fathoms of cable, they first essayed swaying up the lower yards. What they expected the old ship was to do under sail, in such a plight, is not recorded; in other respects, we cannot but admire the painful exertion and incessant toil by which these difficulties were ultimately mastered. This distressing event had happened in the night, and great was the dismay of those on shore, when the first break of day presented a clean roadstead, without any traces of the ship, which they conjectured must have foundered, and their companions have perished in the deep. In the midst of these gloomy reflections, and the thought of being lost to their country, the Commodore had, doubtless, his share of disquietude, but he always maintained his usual composure and steadiness; and from those inward resources which so well qualified him for command, he formed a scheme for extricating himself and his people from their dreadful situation. The bark of fifteen tons, that brought the Indians from Guahan, it was resolved should be lengthened, to convey them to Macao, and every one cheerfully commenced his laborious occupation; but the many difficulties which presented themselves, and the dread of a descent from Guahan, retarded the progress of the work and dispirited the men. On the nineteenth day after being thus left, to their almost frenzied delight, they were relieved from their apprehensions by the unlooked-for appearance of the Centurion; and a boat, laden with provisions and men, was sent out to assist in bringing her to an anchor, which was accomplished the following afternoon. The Commodore immediately 140 TOMB OF ST. RICHARDE.-EXCAVATION AT LYONS, ETC. repaired on board, and, on the third day, they were once more driven from the anchorage, leaving nearly seventy men on shore; but, as the weather was more favourable, and the ship in a better state of preparation, they returned again, after an absence of five days, to the great joy of their beached companions. The Centurion being now refitted, and water and provisions, with fruit and refreshments of all kinds, taken on board, the anchor was weighed on the 21st of October, and they quitted Tinian for the third and last time, and steered towards Macao. The circumstance of the ship being driven from her anchors, recalls the readiness with which a substitute for the emergency was contrived. To make a best bower, two prize-anchors were fixed into one stock, and two guns-4-pounders-were placed between the shanks; a third prize-anchor being in like manner joined with their own stream, with guns between them, made a small bower; so that, besides their sheet-anchor, they had again two others at her bows, one of which weighed 3900 and the other 2900 lbs. It happened that one of the crew, being afterwards a warrant officer on board the Terrible, of 74 guns, at the taking of Quebec, when she drove from her moorings by the rapidity of the tide, suggested Anson's expedient, and to its adoption the safety of that fine ship was imputed. While on this subject, we should mention that a whaler, in 1834, on weighing from Tinian, hooked up one of the Centurion's lost anchors. It was comparatively little corroded, having only a thick coat of rust; the wooden stock had completely rotted off. The anchor was carried over to the island of Guahan, where the natives immediately commenced beating it out into bars and bolts, requisite for their undertaking of building a brig. It was probably sold or given to the natives by the master of the whaler; but his proper course would have been, to have brought it home, and deposited it in one of the royal dockyards. [To be continued.] TOMB OF ST. RICHARDE. eighteen hundred years ago,-inclosing a necklace of emeralds, with ear-rings to match,-another, apparently of amethysts, but defaced,-a very curious chain, rings, bracelets,-a sandal-clasp, pearls of extraordinary fineness and remarkable size; of all which ornaments the gold is so fine that its brilliancy remains untarnished by time, as if it came to-day from the jeweller.-We may mention, too, while speaking of these exhumations from the tomb of ages, the discovery, by some workmen, in the earth of a cellar in Rome, of a colossal statue, in perfect preservation, representing a chained barbarian, and from the evidence of its style apparently belonging to the period of the Emperor Adrian.-Athenæum. SALTING MEAT. THE method for which a patent has been lately taken out by Mr. Payne, is thus described:The meat to be salted, is placed within a strong iron vessel, which is closed in an air-tight manner, and the air exhausted from it by means of an air-pump; a communication is then opened with a brine vessel, whence the brine flows into the receiver, until it is about half filled; the air-pump is then again worked to draw off every particle of air from the meat, &c. The brine is then permitted to fill the receiver, and a farther quantity is injected by means of a common forcing-pump, the pressure being regulated by a safety-valve loaded with about 100 or 150 lbs. apon the square inch. After remaining under this pressure for about fifteen minutes, the meat is cured, and may be taken out of the receiver.-Athenæum. GOAT'S MILK. goats than when pastured by cows, in consequence of the goat feeding upon many things the cow either would not taste or that would prove poisonous to her. AN Englishman on visiting the Mediterranean countries, and finding goat's milk nearly every where in use, to the exclusion of that of the cow, is apt to ascribe this to prejudice: but on further research, he will find that it is more digestible than On the 28th ult., a commission of clergymen and cow's milk, and hence more suitable to warm counlayman had the tomb of St. Richarde, wife of tries; and that a far greater amount of milk can be Charles le Gros, in the abbey of Andlau, near Stras-obtained from a given space of ground pastured by burg, opened. Within the coffin, which was of stone, exceedingly thick, was found the skeleton, nearly entire; the bones were of unusual delicacy of formation, which circumstance coincides with the tradition of the Strasburg Breviary of 1484, that the The Malta goat frequently gives ten pints of milk saint was elegantis forma. The abbey of Andlau per day in the height of milking; while in the case was founded by the empress, in the ninth century; where a milch-cow was required at Smyrna, several and her body was transferred from its original rest-herds were tried, and the greatest quantity procuraing-place, in one of the lateral chapels, to a spot be-ble was two pints per day from a single cow. hind the altar, by order of Leo XI., when he visited In many parts of Australia, therefore, (particuthe church in 1804, at which period her canonization was decreed. She remained a virgin, notwithstanding her marriage, all her life.-Literary Gazette, Oct. 9. EXCAVATION AT LYONS. SOME excavations making at Lyons on the hill of Fourvières, the ancient Forum of the Romans, have brought to light a variety of articles, valuable both intrinsically and as objects of art. Amongst these is the complete jewel-case of some great dame of larly in the bushy ground near Sydney,) goats might with great advantage supplant the cows for milking purposes; while the flesh of some of the breeds, differing little from mutton, would still farther enhance their value.-Cunningham's Hints for Australian Emigrants. MR. BERNARD CAVANAGH, the fasting-man, has issued an advertisement to say that he receives company" at a shilling a head. Pretty entertainment to be expected from acknowledged starvation!-Literary Gazette, Oct. 30. From the Examiner A SURE PLAN FOR A WAR AGAINST TO THE EDITORS OF THE DAILY NEWSPAPERS. GENTLEMEN. Your conduct with respect to our relations with the United States has inspired me with the most sincere admiration. It speaks highly for the character of our daily press, that on a question involving peace or war with the nation most bound to us by the ties of common origin, language, religion, laws, and freedom, and by the interests of reciprocal commercial dependence, we see the organs of every party merging all their political differences in giving expression to the same good old English feelings; endeavouring to restore the dominion of these prejudices, which their readers, of almost every political section, have for some time unhappily been equally guilty of discarding. It is pleasing as well as ennobling for the rational Englishman, to see the Conservative Times and the Liberal Chronicle vying in a generous rivalry which shall, by means of the grossest abuse of language, and the foulest distortion of facts, stimulate the bad passions of their countrymen to the most bloody results. stocks, of which the principal holders are English men. Let us keep these results steadily before us. By means of a vigorous and successful prosecution of the war, we should, in the first place, cut off the supply of the raw material of our great staple manufacture: in the second place, we should entirely cut off one-third of the foreign market for our manufactures: thirdly and lastly, we should ruin all those of our countrymen who have lent money on either public or private security in the United States. Surely these simple ends might be attained with much greater ease and simplicity, than by the cumbrous and uncertain agency of war, at least of war with the United States. Is it not in our power to inflict all this detriment on our own countrymen with very little expense, and without exposing ourselves to any risk of the failure of our efforts by the chances of war? Why go to the trouble and expense of sending out a host of armed cruisers over the face of the Atlantic, fatiguing our gallant sailors by the exertion, and shedding their blood in the conflicts which will be required for the chase and capture of American ships, in order to prevent raw cotton coming to, or manufactured goods going from, our own country? Why go to all this trouble to destroy the raw material and produce of our manufactures, when the seats of all those manufactures are withI am also delighted to see that these representa- in our grasp, and may be destroyed in a very few tives of the intelligence of Englishmen and the days? We need not have recourse to the roundfeelings of Christians have, with that practical about way of sending our unconquerable forces good sense which is the distinguishing character-out of our own country, when, by employing a istic of our countrymen, already busied themselves tenth part of their number at home, we might in devising the mode of carrying on a war which make far surer of destroying our own trade and they apparently flatter themselves as being render- manufactures, beggaring our capitalists, and killing ed unavoidable. I cannot say, however, that I at the operatives of our towns. all concur in any of their speculations, which I happen, as yet, to have seen. Some novelty, some grandeur of conception, I admit that there is, in their plans for burning such handsome and civilized cities as happen to be situated on the sea-coast or Canadian frontier, and for letting loose on our brethren of the United States, the ferocity of the wild Indian, and the yet more savage cruelty of the suddenly liberated negro. But a war between Great Britain and the United States would be something so novel and vast as to require measures of a kind proportionably new and vast. The plans hitherto proposed seem to be unworthy of their great object; and I venture to suggest a mode of carrying on this war, which will attain its results with far greater certainty, expedition, and (let me add, as not undesirable in the present state of our finances) economy. Our great means of annoying the United States would be the entire destruction of their import and export trade by the blockade of their coasts, and the capture of their mercantile marine. By this we should be enabled to prevent not only the exportation of their raw cotton, whereby the planters of the Southern States, who are supposed to be peculiarly friendly to us, would be ruined; but also the importation of our own manufactures, in consequence of which the Americans would be forced to manufacture for themselves. Besides these results, we should probably bring to bankruptcy all that numerous class of American merchants who are deeply indebted to our own capitalists; and at the same time supply the halfbankrupt States of the Union with a pretext for refusing payment of the dividends on their public The simplest process which I venture to recommend is, that when M'Leod is hanged, or indeed when he is not hanged (for I find all the newspapers agree in telling us that the trial is the real insult for which we must go to war, and that the hanging or not hanging M'Leod is a minor concomitant, which does not much matter,) that when the time comes for declaring war, we should declare war not against the United States, but against Lancashire, the West Riding, and Lanarkshire, There may be other seats of our various manufactures which it may become necessary to root out afterwards; but vigorous and thorough measures against these counties might, I should think, put us in possession of the results of one American war. Why, indeed, declare war at all? Much expense might be spared by attacking the counties in question without notice. Fifty thousand regular troops, and nearly as many sailors would be required to conquer Lancashire in America, if I may so venture to imitate Lord Chatham's famous phrase: five thousand of our troops might by sudden movements, and the judicious use of railways, bombard and sack Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, and Glasgow, and not be a month about the whole job. I should not wish to produce a greater destruction of life and property than are absolutely necessary: and I think that before any steps are taken, an exact calculation should be made of the probable duration of a war with the United States (and I suppose, if M'Leod is hanged, we must go on until he is restored to life); of the amount of capital that would be rendered valueless during that period; and of the number of our operatives who would perish from want of employment and of food. Care ought to be taken that these amounts | provision for one of the great ends of what the should not be exceeded; and, indeed, I think it army and navy call "a d-d good war." I do not would be very proper that the amount of property suppose that any one would complain of my saving to be destroyed, and of lives to be taken, should be the lives of all the common soldiers and sailors who fairly assessed on the different great towns; and would perish in the course of a war, because I that the troops employed in the bombardment and never could find that their deaths do anybody any pillage, should be limited to the destruction of a good. If any objections were raised on that score, certain number of houses, and the killing a cer- it might be met by letting the soldiers employed tain number of souls. These returns should be against the large towns, kill a hundred thousand or handed into the Crown-office before the commence- so more while they were about it. As I would ment of the expedition; and the clerks of the peace not stint these brave men of any of the customary should be bound to deliver in sworn returns of the rewards of British valour, I would of course leave damage done. These I would have strictly audited them the full use of any women and spirits that by Mr. Pennington. might come in their way. But I do anticipate As a war with the United States would ensure a very serious objection on the score of having the destruction not only of their ships, but also of made no provision for promotion in the two sera good many of our own, I propose that a calcula- vices. I admit the validity of such an objection; tion of the amount of damage likely to accrue in and propose to obviate it by a provision, that, an this way should be furnished, and the data afford-estimate having been first made of the number of ed by the losses sustained in the last years of the vacancies likely to occur during a war, a raffle for last war; that an equivalent amount of shipping commissions should take place, with a similar and of property should be destroyed in our princi- number of blanks; that the losers should be shot, pal ports, just as the vessels are about to leave the and the winners have their commissions. Nor harbour; and that the crews of such vessels should would I omit other stimulants to British heroism. be confined in Dartmoor prison during the period The regiments employed at each place should be fixed on for the probable duration of the American allowed to wear the words "Liverpool," "Leeds,” "Sheffield," or "Glasgow," on their colours. Manchester I look upon as so very troublesome a place, that I would commemorate the triumph of our arms there, by giving a Manchester medal to the gallant men employed in its destruction. Nor should the higher officers of the army and navy want the decorations which are usually bestowed during the progress of a war. I would not be sparing of crosses and ribbons; and the honours of the peerage might very appropriately be conferred on the distinguished Generals commanding at the destruction of Birmingham and Manchester, or Admirals employed in sinking and burning the shipping in the Mersey or the London and West India Docks. war. It now only remains to deal with such of our countrymen as are public or private creditors of the United States. The simplest plan would be to pass a short Act of Parliament absolving any American government or individual from the payment of any debt due to a British subject. It is barely possible that some of the States, or some old-fashioned merchants among the Yankees, might refuse this benefit at the expense of their creditors. If this obstacle were found sufficiently serious to frustrate our purpose, it would be easy to devise a hundred different modes of confiscating or destroying an amount of property equivalent to our claims on the Americans. It strikes me that it would not be incorrect to assume that the proprietors of railway companies are much about the same sort of people with superabundant means, as those who have invested their money in American stocks, or lent it to American merchants. It would therefore always be open to us to serve these kind of people out, either by confiscating a certain amount of railway shares for the benefit of such States and individuals as could bring satisfactory proof of being in our debt, or by destroying a certain portion, if not the whole, of our principal railroads. This last mode strikes me as having the incidental advantage of diffusing a very large amount of additional damage and discomfort over the whole frame of British society, so as to make the public feel throughout something of the inconvenience of war. I have now taken care of all, or at least the principal, British interests; but we must not overlook our North American colonies. In order to put that part of the world in the condition in which it would be at the close of an American war, orders had, I think, better be at once given for laying waste the whole frontier, from Sandwich to St. John's, with fire and sword, for, say fifty miles in depth. When this had been carefully done, the whole might be immediately ceded to the United States. I am only aware of one objection to the plan, of which I have given this rude and imperfect outline. I feel that I may be met by the United Service Magazine, with the objection that I have made no With judicious arrangements beforehand, and that unparalleled rigour which we have a right to expect from the present wonderful Ministry, I reckon upon getting all this done, and well done, in a month at farthest; and by Christmas we might have a Te Deum for our victories, and rejoicings for peace. The whole might be done, I have little doubt, for half a million, or at the outside a million of money. Whether the Americans could be induced to follow our example, and secure their share of the results of war in the same way, would be their concern, and not ours. In order to insure the permanent possession of the results of war, we should, in common prudence, be bound, at the close of the measures I have suggested, to prohibit, in the strictest manner, the importation of raw cotton from, and the exportation of our manufactures to, the United States. And we might, I think, very fairly insist on their so far accommodating their policy to ours, as to guard us from the effects of our own caprice in relapsing into the old system of commercial intercourse, by promoting the establishment of cotton, woollen and iron manufactories within their own territory, and by encouraging them by protecting duties. And I am credibly informed that this very fair suggestion would be favorably entertained by the northern states of the Union. I propose this plan, therefore, in a strong conviction that, in spite of its novelty, a judicious public will see that it is a sure, a speedy, and an eco'nomical mode, of attaining all the great practical |