were all of Pennsylvania birth, but of German descent. Knoderer, of the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth, was born in Baden, was educated at Carlsruhe, at the Polytechnical School, and left the service of the government. to join Sigel's force in the unsuccessful revolution of 1849. In Reading (Pennsylvania) he found a new home and employment as a civil engineer; but when the Rebellion broke out, he went first as a captain of engineers on Sigel's staff, then enlisted as a private and was elected colonel of the Eleventh Pennsylvania, and afterwards was appointed colonel of the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania, and fell at its head on the 30th January, 1863, near Suffolk, Virginia.

Ballier was born in Würtemberg in 1815; studied at the Military School at Stuttgard in 1833-34; settled in Philadelphia, where he was a member of the Washington Guard, the first German military organization in the North, in 1836; enlisted as a private in the First Pennsylvania for the Mexican war, was made major for his services there,— then was colonel of the Twenty-first and of the Ninety-eighth for the Rebellion. Twice seriously wounded, he still remains here to renew the recollection of his bright example.

Hartranft's commission as brigadier-general was won by his services at Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg; and as the hero of Fort Stedman he became a major-general. His services in civil life have been equally distinguished, and his future career is not likely to be less marked by well-earned honors as Governor of Pennsylvania and the chief representative of the Federal Government in Philadelphia than his past.

Everard Bierer, colonel of the One Hundred and Seventy-first Pennsylvania, was the son of German parents, settled in Fayette County. He won his first successes in the Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserves, and was promoted by Governor Curtin to be colonel of the One Hundred and Seventy-first, and then to the command of a brigade. Now he is a successful lawyer, legislator, and farmer in Kansas.

Colonel Lehmann, of the One Hundred and Third, was born in Hanover in 1812, was educated at the military school, served for six years in the army, and in 1837 came to Pittsburg, where he became a teacher. He organized the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, was its lieutenant-colonel, then was colonel of the One Hundred and Third, and after the war resumed his task of education, and became president of the Western Pennsylvania Military Academy.

The Wistars who served in the war by the half a score were all of that good old German stock whose representatives are so well and honorably known in every walk of life in their native city and far beyond it.

William Doster, colonel of the Fourth Cavalry, was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where his father, a native of Swabia, settled in

1817, marrying the daughter of a Vorstether of the Brethren's House, the grand-daughter of a Revolutionary soldier. A graduate of Yale of '57, and of the Harvard Law School of '59, he studied law in Heidelberg and Paris. Returning to this country, he became major of the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, led it in the Chancellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns, and was promoted for his services.

General J. William Hofmann, colonel of the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania, was the son of Prussian parents, who settled in Philadelphia in 1819. Long an active member of local militia organizations, he went to the field a thorough soldier, and his career was one of distinguished gallantry, characterized alike by merit and modesty. The opinion of all his superior officers was an unbroken and unanimous approval of his ability and his courage, and he deserves, as he has won and enjoys, the respect of his fellow-citizens for the distinguished services he rendered in all the responsible positions assigned him during his long period of active service.

General Adolph Bushbeck was born in Coblenz, Prussia, in 1822, the son of a German officer. From his eleventh to his seventeenth year he was at the cadet school in Berlin, then became ensign and lieutenant, and at the suggestion of Steinwehr was appointed instructor at the cadet school at Potsdam, from 1847 to 1852. In 1853 he came to Philadelphia, and was well and favorably known as a successful teacher. When the Rebellion broke out he became major, and later colonel of the Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania, and in that and his successive commands, as brigade and division general, he won unstinted praise for his high soldierly qualities. From General Sherman he received warm commendation. The war over, he returned to Philadelphia, and resumed his former occupation for some years, and then, going abroad with his family, died in Florence, Italy, in 1883.

Henry Bohlen was born in Bremen in 1810. As early as 1831, on the recommendation of Lafayette, he was appointed on the staff of General Gerard, and served during the siege of Antwerp. In the Mexican war he served on the staff of General Worth, and took part in many engagements. In the Crimean war he served in the French army, and at the outbreak of the Rebellion, returning from Europe, where he was living in great splendor, enjoying a large fortune and a brilliant social position, he raised the Seventy-fifth, a German regiment, mainly at his own expense, and led it with such distinguished gallantry that he was commended in warm terms by Fremont and Sigel, under whom he served, and was soon appointed a brigadier-general. His brilliant career ended in his death in action, in August, 1862.

The Vezins, Oscar, Henry, Alfred, served with credit in various branches of the service, always doing honor to a name that belongs to one of the oldest merchants of Philadelphia in its days of greatness as a commercial city.

The name of General John A. Koltes is perpetuated in that of the Post No. 228 of the Grand Army of the Republic, which thus does due honor to that gallant soldier. He organized the Seventy-third Regiment, originally known as the Pennsylvania Legion, Forty-fifth of the line. It was recruited in Philadelphia, in June and July, 1861, and was first at a rendezvous at Lemon Hill. Colonel Koltes, LieutenantColonel Muehleck, Major Schott, were the field-officers. It joined Blenker's division in September, and went with it through the West Virginia campaign under Fremont and Sigel, and then under Pope into the second Bull Run. Koltes was in command of the brigade, and Brueckner of the regiment, when they both fell in action on the 30th of August, 1862, gallantly leading their men against an overwhelming force. General Schurz, in his report as division commander, commends the conduct of Koltes and his brigade, temporarily attached to his division. It consisted of the Sixty-eighth New York, the Twenty-ninth New York, and the Seventy-third Pennsylvania, with Dilyer's Battery. He says, "The gallant Koltes died a noble death at the head of his brave regiments," and he deplores "the brave and noble Koltes." General Sigel, who commanded the First Corps, regrets, in his report, "the death of the intrepid Koltes."

General Koltes was born in Treves in 1827, and came to this country while he was still a lad, in his seventeenth year. He became a teacher in a Catholic Institute in Pittsburg, enlisted in 1846 as a volunteer in the Mexican war, and afterwards in the regular army. On his return he was employed in the United States Mint, became a member of the Scott Legion, and took an active part in the local militia. He drilled the Männerchor Rifle Guards for home service, and recruited a regiment for the war. He received a commission as brigadier-general, and it was at the head of his brigade that he fell in action at the second Bull Run. Koltes was, like Ballier, Binder, and Bohlen, one of the active spirits in the early military organizations in Philadelphia. Besides the Philadelphia regiments, they furnished for the war four companies of Philadelphia Turners, who joined their comrades in the Turner Regiment, organized in New York under Colonel Soest, and many which went into New Jersey regiments, and those of other States.

Among the young Germans of Philadelphia, Fritz Tiedeman has a high place for his gallant services on the staff of General Schurz; and his brother, who fell early in the war, gave promise of equal merit.

General Louis Wagner was born in Giessen, Germany, in 1838, and came to Philadelphia as a lad with his father, a revolutionary refugee, in 1849. Educated at the public schools, in 1861 he entered the service as a first lieutenant of the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and at the close was colonel of the regiment and a brevet brigadier-general. Returning to civil life, he organized the Grand Army

of the Republic in Pennsylvania, in 1879, and has been one of the leading men of that organization ever since. He has taken a very active part in other civil and military bodies, and has been honored by many elective offices and appointments, all of which he has filled with characteristic zeal and energy.

New York, as the gathering place of all nationalities, naturally sent many Germans to the army. The Thirty-ninth, or Garibaldi Guard, consisted of three companies of Germans, three of Hungarians, one each of Swiss, Italians, and French, and one of Spanish and Portuguese.

Of the Forty-first, or DeKalb Guards, Colonel von Gilsa, seven hundred of its men had been in the Prussian service in the SchleswigHolstein war. One company was raised in Philadelphia, and another in Newark, New Jersey.

The Forty-fifth was the Fifth German Rifles, Colonel von Arnsberg.

The Forty-sixth was the Fremont Rifles, Colonel Rosa.

The Fifty-second, Colonel Paul Frank, had one company called the Sigel Rifles, and another the German Rangers. Two of its officers, Lieutenant Count Hacke and Lieutenant Baron von Steuben, came from Germany together on leave to take part in the Union army, and both fell in the Wilderness campaign.

When Sigel commanded the First Corps, the Third Division was that of Carl Schurz; and in the Second Brigade, commanded by Kryzanowski, there were the Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania, Mahler, the Fiftyfourth New York, Kozlay, and the Fifty-eighth New York, Gellman; all representative Germans.

One of the most effective services rendered the cause of the Union was the long series of political cartoons furnished to Harper's Weekly during the civil war, by Thomas Nast, born on the Rhine in 1840. His pencil was recognized far and wide as that of a sturdy champion, and his productions were heartily welcomed by the soldiers in the field and by earnest patriots everywhere.

J. G. ROSENGARTEN.

(To be continued.)

CONTENT.

THERE was a philosopher, in the North staying,
A man of most wonderful science and mind;
And once he was heard to an audience saying,
(With bigotry foolish, and erring, and blind,)
"There is no content."

A boat in the bay in the far South was drifting,
The Spirit of Peace spread its wings o'er the sea,-
The gay wavelets gently their crests were uplifting,
And Sol looked down smiling on Inez and me.

She sat by my side looking sweet and confiding;
One hand in the water, just over the rail.
The boat like a phantom was silently gliding,
And like a white wing spread o'er us the sail.

I cared not a jot where the current should float us,
As I lost myself deep in her brown eyes that day,
I cared not to what might the zephyrs devote us
So long as her hand in mine trustfully lay.

Now could that savant, with his arguments teeming,
Be thus but with her in a boat on the bay,
He'd surely be crazy or audibly dreaming
If ever again he was noticed to say,

"There is no content."

ROWAN W. STEVENS.