Accordingly, in September, Captain Jones proceeded with his small company by water down to the mouth of the river. Here they were visited by a small party of Indians, who, seeing the warlike preparations of the whites, appeared quite friendly. The Indians now informed Captain Jones that about thirty of their tribe were encamped on a small tributary of the San Bernard, and about seven miles distant; also that ten or twelve more had gone to Bailey's, higher up on the Brazos, to purchase ammunition.

15

Convinced that the Indians were secretly preparing to make an attack, Jones at once sent two of his company up the river to raise additional force. On arriving at Bailey's, the two men found eight or ten of the settlers already collected there to watch the manoeuvring of the Indians, who had come for ammunition.

The Indians showed such bold and unmistakable signs of hostility that the small company of colonists sought a favorable opportunity, and attacked them just at daybreak on the following morning. In this attack the whites were successful, killing several Indians and driving the others away. Ignorant of what had transpired, and impatient at not receiving the additional force sent for, Captain Jones now returned up the river opposite the Caranchua camp (before alluded to), where he embarked with his company. Here they concealed themselves till dark, when they sent out spies to discover the exact locality of the Indian camp.

The spies returned at midnight, having failed to find the camp. Once more concealing themselves, the men remained perfectly quiet all the next day. Just at sundown, the Indians commenced howling and weeping over their dead and wounded, who had been brought into camp by the defeated party from Bailey's.

Having thus ascertained the situation of the Indian camp, which was on the west bank of the creek, where it widens out into a lake before emptying into the San Bernard, Jones now started in that direction, crossing the creek half a mile above, and coming down on the west side.

Arriving within sixty yards of the enemy, the company halted to wait for daybreak.16 As soon as it was light enough to see the sights of their rifles they discovered the Indians, who were encamped immediately upon the margin of the stream, surrounded by a heavy growth of cane and tall grass. Captain Jones now formed his men and advanced rapidly to the attack. Upon the first discharge the savages hid themselves in the long grass, from which they returned the fire with balls and arrows. The whites, who were now entirely exposed to a heavy fire of balls and no less destructive arrows," soon retreated up

15 Since called Jones' Creek, in honor of Captain Jones.

16 Yoakum, vol. i. p. 225.

17 The Caranchua Indians were without doubt the most remarkable of all the

the creek, recrossing it, and going in the direction of the settlement. The Indians pursued them till they crossed the creek. Just at this time, and as he was crossing the stream in the rear of his company, Captain Jones observing an Indian pointing an arrow at him, shot him down.

Thus ended the engagement known as the "Randall Jones" fight, on the small stream in Brazoria County, now known as Jones's Creek. This was a very closely-contested fight, in which the whites lost three of their number,-young Bailey, Singer, and Spencer. The Indians lost fifteen of their number killed, and there were several wounded on both sides. The whites returned home, and the Indians retreated west, across the St. Bernard."

18

1825.-Early in the spring of 1825 the Caranchua Indians again came into the settlements, and, falling upon the people who resided on the Brazos and San Bernard Rivers, killed several. The strife now became deadly. A large number of the Indians and several of the whites were killed. The Indians, after losing the greater portion of their men, returned home.

The colonists were now sufficiently strong to rid themselves of this small band, and Colonel Austin called for one hundred volunteers, which number was immediately raised and put in readiness, eager for. the fray. Captain Abner Kuykendall was placed in command, with instructions to expel them from the colony. Colonel Austin accompanied the expedition to see that his orders were carried out.

While pursuing them, Austin was met at the Menawhila Creek, three miles east of Goliad, or La Bahia, by the priest of the mission, whom the Indians had sent for the purpose of forming a treaty for them with the Americans. After a three days' council a treaty was agreed upon, the priest going security for the Indians. One of the agreements, the most important one, was that the Indians should not come east of the San Antonio River, an agreement which they all confirmed. This was strictly in accordance with the American policy,— i.e. to first extinguish the Indian's title to the land, and then to expel him from it either by banishment or extermination.

For some time after the treaty above mentioned the Indians remained perfectly quiet. The good priest exerted himself to Christianize

Texas tribes. The men were of large stature, six feet high, and might well have been termed a race of giants. The bow of every warrior was the precise length of his body, and was as useless in the hands of a man of ordinary strength as the bow of Ulysses in the hands of the suitors of Penelope; but when bent by one of these sons of Anak it sped the "cloth-yard" arrow with deadly force two hundred yards, and was driven entirely through the ponderous buffalo. They navigated the numerous bays and inlets along the coast, and subsisted to a considerable extent upon fish. They were for many years the scourge of Austin's colonists, but were finally driven to Mexico. They are now entirely extinct.

18 Notes from General Lamar, quoted by Foote, vol. i. p. 295.

them, and hopes were entertained that he would succeed; but the Indians could not long control their murderous and thieving propensities, and in the summer of 1826 they again became troublesome.

A new settlement had been formed on the Guadaloupe River, near Gonzales, in Dewitt's colony. Among the party who composed this settlement were Erasmus ("Deaf") Smith, Henry S. Brown, James Kerr, John Wightman, Basil Durbin, Mr. Berry, Edward Moorehouse, Elijah Stapp, and a few others. At a time while a portion of the colonists had gone to join in celebrating the 4th of July at Beason's, on the Colorado, and others were out on a buffalo-hunt, an attack was made by the Indians upon the few remaining settlers. John Wightman was killed and Basil Durbin badly wounded. The houses were robbed of their contents and then burned, and for a time the settlement was broken up, the survivors fleeing to the settlements on the Colorado.19

For this offense the bloodthirsty and warlike Caranchuas were almost entirely extinguished, and the remaining few were glad to abandon their ancestral hunting-grounds for a home in Mexico.

"The fierce Caranchua now seeks his home

Beyond the Rio Grande wave;

No more in battle-paint to roam

Around his father's sunken grave."

The long and bitterly-contested warfare, carried on between the Caranchua Indians and the hardy pioneers of Texas, was now virtually at an end. The neighboring Indian tribes professed friendship, and for a period of three years the settlers enjoyed peace and prosperity. During these three years of peace, permission was granted for the introduction of about one thousand families in Texas.

"I hear the tread of pioneers,

Of nations yet to be;

The first low wash of waves where soon

Shall roll a human sea."

19 Before the attack this colony was in a very flourishing condition, the settlers were prosperous and happy, and laid a town, which they named Texana.—Indianola Bulletin, 1852.

BELTON,

TEXAS.

(To be continued.)

JAMES T. DESHIELDS.

.

THE GERMAN SOLDIER IN THE WARS OF THE UNITED STATES.

(Concluded from page 61.)

THE Princess Salm-Salm, in her "Ten Years of My Life," and a very adventurous one it was,-describes the camp of the German division (Blenker's) in front of Washington, in the fall of 1861, as the principal point of attraction. It consisted of about twelve thousand men, and Blenker and Steinwehr had gained great credit for protecting the retreat from the first Bull Run. Blenker was born in Tours, had served in the Bavarian army and in that of Greece under its Bavarian king, took part in the German revolution of '48, fled to Switzerland, then came to New York, and was farming when the rebellion broke out. He raised the Eighth New York, and Prussian and Austrian soldiers furnished a considerable proportion of its officers, among them Prince Salm-Salm, who served to the end of the war, then in Mexico, and finally fell in the Franco-Prussian war. Another of his officers was Corvin, who, after six years in Prussian prisons as a penalty for his share in the German revolution, came to this country as the war correspondent of the London Times and the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung.

Among other German officers were Von der Groeben; Von Schrack, colonel of the Seventh New York; Von Buggenhagen, one of its captains; Radowitz, Schwenke, Gerber, Max Weber; Schirmer, chief of artillery of the Eleventh Corps; Von Puttkammer, of the Third Corps; Von Amsberg, Von Gilsa; Von Schrader, of the Seventy-fourth Ohio, killed; Von Trebra, of the Thirty-second Indiana, Knierim and Dietrich, who commanded New York batteries of artillery; and Leppien, lieutenant-colonel of the First Maine Artillery, one of the most gallant soldiers from our own city.

Carl Schurz was the first colonel of the first regiment of volunteer cavalry duly authorized to be raised. On his way to New York he found Chorman's Rangers also inviting recruits, while other cavalry companies were being busily raised in Philadelphia. In New York he found additional countrymen at work,-Frederick von Schichfuss, August Haurand, Count Ferdinand Storch, and Count von Moltke,

Hendricks, Passegger, Hertzog,-who soon found plenty of men. Schurz himself went to Spain as minister, and the regiment was fortunate in having for its first colonel in the field A. T. M. Reynolds, a very good experienced soldier. The four companies of Germans were all old soldiers. Their record through the war is a very creditable one, and the First New York Cavalry did its work so well that Germans may be proud of their countrymen in it both from New York and Pennsylvania.

The German element in the cavalry and artillery went far to make both of these arms of the service efficient and capable. In every regiment of cavalry and in every battery of artillery there were found old German soldiers, trained in a way that made them models for the green recruits and instructors of officers and men. In most of the regiments of the regular army there were privates and non-commissioned officers, Germans by birth and often soldiers by training, who were looked on with the respect that courage and discipline always secure. Many of them were promoted to commissions in the regulars, and some of them commanded volunteer regiments with great credit. One of the most notable was Adolph von Steinwehr, who was born September 25, 1825, at Blankenburg in Brunswick. His father was a major, his grandfather a lieutenant-general. He studied in the military school, became a lieutenant, came to the United States, and served as an officer of an Alabama regiment during the Mexican war. He was employed as an engineer by the United States, married in Mobile, returned to Germany, and then became a farmer in Connecticut. At the outbreak of the civil war he became colonel of the Twenty-ninth New York, part of the Germans that excited interest and admiration by their steadiness at the first Bull Run. This led to the organization of a German division under Blenker, the First Brigade under Stahel: the Eighth, Wuitschel; Thirty-ninth, D'Utassy, and Forty-fifth, Gilsa, New York; and Twenty-seventh, Bushbeck, Pennsylvania. Second Brigade, Steinwehr: Twenty-ninth, Kozlay; Fifty-fourth, Kryzenowsky; Fifty-eighth New York; Seventy-third Pennsylvania, Koltes. Third Brigade, Bohlen: Forty-first and Sixty-eighth New York, Kleefisch; Seventy-fourth, Schimmelpfennig; Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania, Mehler. Fourth New York Cavalry, Dickel. Batteries of Schirmer, Wilderich, and Sturmfels. There were changes in the organization in which Sigel and Schurz obtained successive commands. Finally at Chancellorsville the tide turned, and the Germans of the Eleventh Corps were spoken of as if the ill-fortune of the battle was due to them. Steinwehr, however, was always honored for the conduct of his troops, and at Gettysburg again his reputation was enhanced by his services. Under Sherman he won fresh honors in the West, and served in the army until the close of the war. From that time until his death in 1877 he was engaged in the work of authorship on subjects