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rhus is soon obliged to quit those territories.
Sad end of Demetrius, who dies in prison 13
SECT. III. Ptolemy Soter resigns his king-
dom to his son Ptolemy Philadelphus.
The tower of Pharos built. The image of
Serapis conveyed to Alexandria. The ce-
lebrated library founded in that city, with
an academy of learned men. Demetrius
Phalereus presides over both
SECT. IV. The magnificent solemnity at the
inauguration of Ptolemy Philadelphus,
king of Egypt
SECT. V. The commencement of the reign of
Ptolemy Philadelphus. The death of De-
metrius Phalereus. Seleucus resigns his
queen and part of his empire to his son
Antiochus. The war between Seleucus and
Lysimachus; the latter of whom is slain
in a battle. Seleucus is assassinated by
Ptolemy Ceraunus, on whom he had con-
ferred a multitude of obligations. The
two sons of Arsinoe are murdered by their
uncle Ceraunus, who also banishes that
princess. Ceraunus is soon punished for
those crimes by the irruption of the Gauls,
by whom he is slain in a battle. The at-
tempt of that people against the temple of
Delphos. Antigonus establishes himself
in Macedonia
SECT. VI. Ptolemy Philadelphus causes the
books of the holy scripture, preserved by
the Jews with the utmost care, to be trans-
lated into the Greek languages, as an or-
nament to his library. This is called the
Version of the Septuagint
SECT. VII. The various expeditions of Pyr-
rhus: First, into Italy; where he fights
two battles with the Romans. The charac-
ter and conduct of Cineas. Secondly, into
Sicily; and then into Italy again. His
26
34
47
66
third engagement with the Romans;
wherein he is defeated. His expedition
into Macedonia; of which he makes him-
self master for some time, after he had
overthrown Antigonus. Antigonus. His expedition
into Peloponnesus. He forms the siege
of Sparta, but without success. Is slain
at that of Argos. The deputation from
Philadelphus to the Romans and from the
Romans to Philadelphus
SECT. VIII. Athens besieged and taken by
Antigonus.. The just punishment inflicted
on Sotades, a satyric poet. The revolt of
Magas from Philadelphus. The death of
Philateres, founder of the kingdom of
Pergamus. The death of Antiochus Soter.
He is succeeded by his son Antiochus, sur-
named Theos. The wise measures taken
by Ptolemy for the improvement of com-
merce. An accommodation effected between
Magas and Philadelphus. The death of
the former. The war between Antiochus
and Ptolemy. The revolt of the East
against Antiochus. Peace restored be-
tween the two kings. The death of Pto-
lemy Philadelphus
SECT. IX. Character and qualities of Pto-
CHAP. III.
134
SECT. I. Antiochus Theos is poisoned by his
queen Laodice, who causes Seleucus Calli-
nicus to be declared king. She also de-
stroys Berenice and her son. Ptolemy
Evergetes avenges their death, by that
of Laodice, and seizes part of Asia. An-
tiochus Hierax, and Seleucus his brother,
unite against Ptolemy. The death of An-
tigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia. He
137
is succeeded by his son Demetrius. The
war between the two brothers, Antiochus
and Seleucus. The death of Eumenes, king
of Pergamus. Attalus succeeds him. The
establishment of the Parthian empire by
Arsaces. Antiochus is slain by robbers.
Seleucus is taken prisoner by the Par-
thians. Credit of Joseph, the nephew of
Onias, with Ptolemy. The death of De-
metrius, king of Macedonia. Antigonus
seizes the throne of that prince. The death
of Seleucus
SECT. II. The establishment of the republic
of the Achæans. Aratus delivers Sicyon
from tyranny. The character of that
young Grecian. He is enabled, by the li-
beralities of Ptolemy Evergetes, to extin-
guish a sedition ready to break out in
Sycion. Takes Corinth from Antigonus
king of Macedonia. Prevails on the cities
of Megara, Trazene, Epidaurus, and Me-
galopolis, to accede to the Achæan league;
but is not so successful with respect to
Argos
SECT. III. Agis king of Sparta attempts
to reform the state, and endeavours to re-
vice the ancient institutions of Lycurgus;
in which he partly succeeds; but finds an
entire change in Sparta, at his return from
a campaign in which he had joined Aratus
against the Etolians. He is at last con-
demned to die, and executed accordingly 176
SECT. IV. Cleomenes ascends the throne of
Sparta, and engages in a war against the
Achæans, over whom he obtains several
advantages. He reforms the government
of Sparta, and re-establishes the ancient
discipline. Acquires new advantages over
Aratus and the Achæans. Aratus applies
jor suecour to Antigonus king of Mace
154
donia, by whose aid the Achæañs obtain
repeated victories, and take several places
from the enemy
SECT. V. The celebrated battle of Selasia,
wherein Antigonus defeats Cleomenes, who
retires into Egypt. Antigonus makes him-..
self master of Sparta, and treats that city
with great humanity. The death of that
prince, who is succeeded by Philip, the son
of Demetrius. The death of Ptolemy Ever-
getes, to whose throne Ptolemy Philopa-
tor succeeds. A great earthquake at
Rhodes. The noble generosity of those
princes and cities who contributed to the
reparation of the losses the Rhodians had
sustained by that calamity. The fate of
the famous Colossus
BOOK XVII.
The history of Alexander's Successors
SECT. I. Ptolemy Philopator reigns in
Egypt. The short reign of Seleucus Ce-
raunus. He is succeeded by his brother
Antiochus, surnamed the Great. Achæus's
fidelity to him. Hermias, his chief mini-
ster, first removes Epigenes, the ablest of
all his generals, and afterwards puts him
to death. Antiochus subdues the rebels
in the East. He rids himself of Hermias.
He attempts to recover Calosyria from
Ptolemy Philopator, and possesses himself
of the strongest cities in it. After a short
truce, a war breaks out again in Syria.
Battle of Raphia, in which Antiochus is
entirely defeated. The anger and revenge
of Philopator against the Jews, for re-
fusing to let him enter the sanctuary. An-
tiochus concludes a peace with Ptolemy.
197
229
233
260
He turns his arms against Achæus, who
had rebelled. He at last seizes him trea-
cherously, and puts him to death
SECT. II. The Etolians declare against the
Achæans. Battle of Caphya lost by Ara-
tus. The Achæans address Philip, who
undertakes their defence. Troubles break
out in Lacedæmonia. The unhappy death
of Cleomenes in Egypt. Two kings are
elected in Lacedæmonia. That republic
joins with the Etolians.
SECT. III. Various expeditions of Philip
against the enemies of the Achæans.
Apelles, his prime minister, abuses his
confidence in an extraordinary manner.
Philip makes an inroad into Etolia.
*Thermæ taken at the first assault. Ex-
cesses of Philip's soldiers in that city.
Prudent retreat of that prince. Tumults
in the camp. Punishment of those who
had occasioned them. Inroad of Philip
into Laconia. The conspirators form new
cabals. Punishment inflicted on them.
A peace is proposed between Philip and
the Achæans on one side, and the Etolians
on the other, which at last is concluded 270
SECT. IV. Philip concludes a treaty with
Hannibal. The Romans gain a consider-
able victory over him in Apollonia. He
changes his conduct. His breach of faith
and irregularities. He causes Aratus to
be poisoned. The Etolians conclude an
alliance with the Romans. Attalus, king
of Pergamus, and the Lacedæmonians,
accede to it. Machanidas usurps a tyran-
nical power at Sparta. Various expedi-
tions of Philip and Sulpitius the Roman
prætor, in one of which Philopamen sig-
nalizes himself
300