běrun in the dee, becomes an iambick foot when it is written برون The بودن for بدن and ديكر is used for دگر same manner is used for ره ,as in this beautiful couplet ,انشان مي خواه و گلفشان کن از دهر چه ميجويي این گفت سحركه كل بلبل تو چه مكويي "Call for wine, and scatter flowers around; what favour canst thou expect from fortune ?" fo fpake the rofe this morning; 0 nightingale ! what fayeft thou to her maxim ? Medding flowers, and کلانشان is ufed for گلفشان In which lines .the morning سحرگاه for سحرگه I shall close this section with some examples of Persian verses from the εl or hemistich, to the Js or ode, which differs from the ochums غزل قسیده or elegy in nothing but the number of the diftichs, of which the ode feldom contains fewer than five, and the elegy feldom fewer than twenty. I shall not fet down these examples at random, but shall select such as are remarkable for beauty of fentiment or delicacy of expreffion. بیه AN HEMISTICH. مصراع كل نچیند کسی که کارد خار He that plants thorns will not gather roses. .A DISTICH بیت کاروان رفت و تو در خواب و بیابان در پیش كجا روي ره زکه پرسی چکنی چون باشي The caravan is departed, and thou sleepest; the desert lies before thee; whither wilt thou go? of whom wilt thou ask the way? what wilt thou do? how wilt thou exift ? هنگام سپیده دم خروس سحري يعني كز عمر شبي كذشت و تو بيخبري At the time that the dawn appears, doft thou know for what reason the bird of the morning complains? He fays, that it is shown in the mirror of the day, that a whole night of thy life is paffed, while thou art loft in indolence. Another. خواهي که نباشي بغم ورنج قرين بشنو سخن پاکتر از در ثمین از دشمن آزرده تغافل منهاي و زصاحب کبر و کینه ایمن منشین Doft Doft thou defire to be free from forrow and pain? hear a maxim more valuable than a precious gem: Despise not thine enemy, though he be distressed; and trust not thy friend, if he be proud and malevolent. In all the Perfian elegies and odes the two first hemistichs have the fame rhyme, which is continued through the whole poem at the end of every diftich. distich. A short piece of poetry, in which the two first lines do not rhyme together, is called as a fragment; as this elegant fable of Sadi on the advantages of good company : One day, as I was in the bath, a friend of mine put into my hand a piece of fcented clay *. I took it, and faid to it, “ Art thou mufk or ambergris? for I am charmed with thy delightful scent." It answered, “I was a despicable piece of clay; but I was some time in "the company of the rofe; the fweet quality of my companion was ghili khoshbúi, a kind of unctuous clay, which the Perfians perfume with effence of rofes, and ufe in the baths inftead of foap. 66 com "communicated to me; otherwise I should have been only a piece "of earth, as I appear to be." When both lines of each couplet rhyme together through a whole composition, it is called as in the following examples : مثنوي چنین است آیین کردنده دهر نه لطغش بود پایدار و نه قهر نه پرورد کس را که آخر نکشت که در مهر نرم است و درکین درشت Such is the nature of inconftant fortune, neither her mildness nor her violence are of long duration : fhe exalts no one whom he does not at last oppress; for she is light in her affection, but most harsh in her hatred. فریدون فرخ فرشته نبود دهش يافت آن نيکويي تو داد و دهش کن فريدون تويي The happy * Feridún was not an angel; he was not formed of musk or ambergris. He gained his reputation by justice and liberality: be thou just and liberal, and thou wilt be a Feridún. * An ancient king of Perfia, highly celebrated for his eminent virtues. The learned and excellent d'Herbelot has made a mistake in his translation of these lines (fee the article Farrakh in his Bibliotheque Orientale) for not recollecting the sense of and tells us that Farrakh was a man whom the Perfians magnanimity. HAPPY, he made a proper name of it, confider as a perfect model of justice and جواني جوانی پاکباز و پاکرو بود تشویر درین گفتن جهان بروي در داد مي ومي حدیث عشق از آن بطال منیوش که در سختي کند یار فراموش شفت There was an affectionate and amiable youth, who was betrothed to a beautiful girl. I have read, that as they were failing in the great fea, they fell together into a whirlpool. When a mariner went to the young man that he might catch his hand, and save him from perishing in that unhappy juncture; he called aloud, and pointed to his mistress from the midft of the waves; "Leave me, and take the "hand of my beloved." The whole world admired him for that fpeech; and when he was expiring he was heard to say; ،، Learn not the tale of love from that wretch who forgets his beloved in "the hour of danger." These examples will, I hope, be fufficient to undeceive those who think that the Afiatick poetry confists merely in lofty figures and flowery defcriptions. |