تغالي الله چه دولت دارم امشب كه امد ناكهان دلدارم امشب

Heaven! how great is my happiness this night! for this night my be.

loved is come unexpectedly !

;imraz to: day امروز and

روز عيش وطرب وعید صیاهست امروز كام دل حاصل وايام بكامست امروز

This day is a day of mirth, and joy, and the feast of spring; this day “ my heart.obtains its defires, and fortune is favourable.”

The words wł and ał jl prefixed to pronouns personal, change them into posesives, and are read with a short vowel, ani to or ez ani to, i. e. thine, as

0 my moon of Canaan (O Joseph) the throne of Egypt is thine.

The relatives and interrogatives are supplied by the invariable pronouns as ke and am che, of which the former usually relates to persons, and the latter to things: in the oblique cases of these pronouns the final , is absorbed before the syllable ly, as

Nom.

8

and

are interrogatives, and are very often joined to the

چی ? sohat is it چیست ? it ة colo کیست as راست verb

بی)

یا رب آن شاهوش براہ رخ زهره جبین در يكناي كه و كوهر يكدانه كيست

O heaven! whose precious pearl, and whose inestimable jewel is that royal maid, with a cheek like the moon, and a forehead like Venus ?

kudam is alfo an interrogative pronoun, as کدام

وانکس که چنین نیست در این شهر کدامست

کشته و رندیم و نظرباز میخواره و سر

We are fond of wine, wanton, diffolute, and with rolling eyes; but

who is there in this city that has not the same vices ?

OF VERBS. The Persians have active and neuter verbs like other nations; but many of their verbs have both an active and neuter sense, which can be determined only by the construction. These verbs have properly but one conjugation, and but three changes of tense ; the imperative, the aorist, and the preterite ; all the other tenses being formed by the help of the particles Go and to be, and wünlys to be willing. The passive voice is formed by adding the tenses of the verb substantive ochü to the participle preterite of the active ; chi ochilgs it was read. The inflexions of these auxiliaries must be here exhibited, and must be learned by heart, as they will be very useful in forming the compound tenses of the active verbs.

,همي

بولن or هستن or of the auxiliary verbs

or

to be بولن

The prefent tense of this verb is irregular, but very easy, and must be carefully remembered, as it is the model for the variations of persons in

This tense joined to nouns, pronouns, or adjectives often coalesces with them, and loses the initial / elif; as with pronouns,

.I am not, &c نه ام as ون or نه The negatives are formed by prefixing

there is not, as نيست is commonly written نه است but

راهیست راه عشق که هیجش کناره نیست انجا جز آنکه جان بسپارند چاره نیست

“ The path of love is a path to which there is no end, in which there

“ is no remedy for lovers, but to give up their souls.” Hafiz.