Anthers covered with gold-coloured pollen. Pedicels purplish. Bracts threed, fimilar to the cauline leaves. The fenfible qualities of this herb feem to promife great antifpafmodick virtues; it has a scent much refembling affa fætida, but comparatively delicate and extremely refreshing. For pronouncing this Cleome the Caravella of the ancient Indians, I have only the authority of RHEEDE, who has exactly written that word in Malabar letters: as to his Bráhmanical name Tilóni, my vocabularies have nothing more like it than Tilaca, to which Churaca and Srimat are the only fynonyma.

57. NA'GACE'SARA:

SYN. Chámpéya, Céfara; Cánchana, or any other name of gold.
VULG. Nagafar.

LINN. Iron MESUA.

To the botanical descriptions of this delightful plant, I need only add, that the tree is one of the most beautiful on earth, and that the delicious odour of its bloffoms justly gives them a place in the quiver of CA'maDE'VA. In the poem, called Naishadha, there is a wild, but elegant, couplet, where the poet compares the white of the Nágacéfara, from which the bees were scattering the pollen of the numerous gold-coloured anthers, to an alabaster wheel, on which CA'MA was whetting his arrows, while fparks of fire were dispersed in every direction. Surely, the genuine appellation of an Indian plant should be substituted for the corrupted name of a Syrian physician who could never have seen it; and, if any trivial name were neceffary to diftinguish a single fpecies, a more abfurd one than iron could not poffibly have been selected for a flower with petals like filver and anthers like gold.

SYN. Pich' hilá, Púranì, Móchá, St'hirayush.

VULG. Semel.

LIN. Seven-leaved BOMBAX.

59. S'ANA':

SYN. S'anápushpicá, Ghant' áravá.
VULG. San, pronounced Sun.

LINN. Rushy Crotalaria.

CAL. Perianth one-leaved, villous, permanent; fhort below, gibbous on both fides, with minute linear tracts. Upper teeth, two, lanced, preffing the banner; lower tooth, boatform, concave, two-gashed in the middle, cohering above and below; sheathing the keel, rather shorter than it; pointed.

COR. Boat-form.

Banner, broad, large, acute, rather hearted, with two dark callofities at the base, and with compreffed fides, moftly involving the other parts: a dark line from base to point.

Wings inverse-egg-oblong, with dark callous bodies at their axils, two thirds of the banner in length.

Keel flattened at the point, nearly closed all round to include the fructification, very gibbous below to receive the germ.

STAM. Filaments ten, coalefced, cleft behind, two-parted below alternately short with linear furrowed erect, and long with roundish, anthers.

PIST. Germ rather awled, flat, villous, at a right angle with the ascend ing, cylindrick, downy Style. Stigma pubefcent, concave, open, fomewhat lipped.

PER. Legume pedicelled, short, velvety, turgid, one-celled, two-valved、 SEEDS, from one or two to twelve or more, round-kidney-form, compreffed.

Flowers deep yellow. Leaves alternate, lanced, paler beneath, keeled; petiols very short; ftipules, minute, roundish, villous. Stem striated.

Threads,

Threads, called pavitraca, from their fuppofed purity, have been made of Sana from time immemorial: they are mentioned in the laws of MENU.

The retufe-leaved CROTALARIA, which VAN RHEEDE by mistake calls Schama Pufpi, is cultivated, I believe, for the fame purpose. RUMPHIUS had been truly informed, that threads for nets were made from this genus in Bengal: but he fufpected the information to be erroneous, and thought that the perfons who conveyed it, had confounded the Crotalaria with the Capfular CORCHORUS: ftrong ropes and canvas are made of its macerated bark.

The Jangal-s'an, or a variety of the watry CROTALARIA has very beautiful flowers, with a greenish white banner, purple-ftriped, wings, bright violet: Stem, four-angled, and four-winged; leaves egged, obtuse, acute at the base, curled at the edges, downy; ftipules, two, declining, mooned, if you chuse to call them fo, but irregular, and acutely pointed. In all the Indian fpecies, a difference of foil and culture occafion varieties in the flower and fructification.

60. JAYANTI:

SYN. Jaya, Tercárì, Nádéyì, Vaijayanticá.

VULG. Jainti, Jáhì; some say, Aranì.

RHEEDE. Kedangu.

LINN. ÆSCHYNOMENE Sefban.

CAL. Perianth one-leaved, rather belled, five-cleft; toothlets, awled, erect, fubequal, more diftant on each fide of the awning; per

manent.

COR. Boat-form.

Awning very broad, rather longer than the wings, inverse-hearted, quite reflected fo as to touch the calyx; waved on the margin; furrowed at the base internally, with two converging hornlets, fronting the aperture of the keel, gibbous below, awled upwards, acute,

erect

erect, within the wings. Wings oblong, clawed, narrower above, obtufe, fpurred below, embracing the keel and the hornlets of the awning.

Keel compreffed, enclosing the fructification, inflected nearly in a rightangle, gafhed below and above the flexure; each divifion hatchetform; beautifully ftriated.

STAM. Filaments fimple and nine-cleft, inflected like the keel; the fimple one curved at the base. Anthers oblong, roundish.

PIST. Germ compreffed, linear, erect as high as the flexure of the filaments with visible partitions. Style nearly at a right angle with the germ, awled, inflected like the ftamen. Stigma rather headed, fomewhat cleft, pellucid.

PER. Legume very long, flender, wreathed when ripe, smooth at the valves, but with feeds rather protuberant, many-parted, terminated with a hard sharp point.

SEEDS oblong, rather kidney-shaped, smooth, flightly affixed to the future, folitary.

Stem arborescent, rather knotty. Leaves feathered, pairs from nine to fifteen, or more, often alternate; leaflets oblong, end-nicked, some with an acute point, dark green above, paler beneath, with a gibbofity at the insertion of the petiols; fleeping, or collapfing, towards night. Racemes axillary; pedicels with a double curvature or line of beauty; flowers small, fix or seven; varying in colour; in some plants, wholly yellow; in others, with a blackish-purple awning yellow within, and dark yellow wings tipped with brown; in some with an awning of the richest orange-scarlet externally, and internally of a bright yellow; wings yellow, of different shades; and a keel pale below, with an exquifite changeable light purple above, ftriated in elegant curves. The whole plant is inexpreffibly beautiful, especially in the colour of the buds and leaves, and the grace of all the curves, for there is no proper angle in any part of it. The Brah

VOL. II.

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mens

mens hold it facred: VAN RHEEDE fays, that they call it Cananga; but I never met with that word in Sanferit, it has parts like an Hedyfarum, and the air of a Cytifus.

61. PALA'SA:

SYN. Cins'uca, Parna, Vátapóť ha.

VULG. Palás, Plás, Dhác.

KOEN. Butea frondofa.

CAL. Perianth belled, two-lipped; upper lip broader, obscurely endnicked; under lip three-cleft, downy; permanent.

COR. Boat-form.

Awning reflected, hearted, downy beneath; fometimes, pointed.

Wings lanced, afcending, narrower than the keel.

Keel, as long as the wings, two-parted below, half-mooned, ascending. STAM. Filaments nine and one, ascending, regularly curved. Anthers linear, erect.

PIST. Germ pedicelled, oblongish, downy.

Style awled, about as long as the ftamens. Stigma small, minutely cleft. PER. Legume pedicelled, oblong, compreffed, depending.

SEED one, toward the apex of the pericarp, flat, fmooth, oval-roundish. Flowers raceme-fafcicled, large, red, or French scarlet, filvered with down.

Leaves threed, petioled; leaflets entire, ftipuled, large, rhomboïdal; the lateral ones unequally divided; the terminal one, larger, equally biffected; brightly verdant. A perfect description of the arborefcent and the twining PALA'SA has been exhibited in the last volume, with a full account of its beautiful red gum; but the fame plant is here shortly described from the life, because few trees are confidered by the Hindus as more venerable and holy. The Paláfa is named with honour in the Védas, in the laws of MENU, and in Sanferit poems, both facred and popular; it gave its name to the memorable plain

called