KILA, KILADAR, P. fort, commandant of fort.

KIMKHWAB (Kincob), P., H. gold brocade.

KOTHÍ, H. residence, house, mansion.

KOTWÁL, KOTWÁLÍ, P. police officer, police station.
KULAM, T. tank.

KULÍ (Cooly), T. and Tur. a day labourer; porter at railway stations and elsewhere.

KUND, S. a pit, hollow, pool, well, small tank.

LÁKH (Lac), S. the number 100,000. By customary use 66 'a lakh" means "a lakh of rupees” (=£6666 at Rs. 15 to the £).

LĀT, H. a stone monolithic pillar = stambha, common to all styles of Indian architecture.

LINGAM, S. (Linga) symbol of Siva as the God of reproduction; phallus. MAIDÁN, P. plain, open space, field of battle.

MAKBARA (P. from Kabr), grave of a saint.

MAMLATdár, subordinate revenue collector in Bombay.

MAN (Maund), H. a weight, varying in different parts of India. In Bombay it is 25 lb.; in Bengal, since 1883, 82 lb.

MANDAPAM, S. an open pavilion or porch in front of a temple; also Mantapam.

MASJID, A. mosque (place of prostration, sijda). Jámi Masjid, congregational mosque.

MASNAD, P. cushion, throne of a Muhammadan Prince.

MASULA, T. a boat sewed together, used for crossing the surf at Madras.
MATH, H. Hindu monastery, of which a Mahanth is Abbot.

MELÁ, H. a fair.

MIHRÁB, A. an arch; the recess in the wall of a mosque on the side nearest Mecca, to which Muhammadans turn at prayer-usually termed Kibla in India.

MIMBAR, A. the pulpit in a mosque; the preacher stands on the middle step of the three while delivering his sermon (Khutba).

MONSOON, A. a corruption of the A. mausim, "a season"; applied now to the seasonal rains in India during the S. W. Monsoon, from June to September.

MUFASSAL (often written Mofussil), separate, detailed, particular: commonly meaning "the interior of the country," as distinguished from the towns.

MUNSHI (Moonshi), A. a writer; a secretary; a teacher of languages. NÁIK, S. an officer in native armies corresponding to a corporal; an ancient title.

NANDI, S. bull; vehicle of Siva, often carved in kneeling attitude facing Saivite temples.

NAUBAT KHÁNA, Nakkár kháNA, A. the chamber over a gateway, where a band is stationed for ceremonial music.

NÁUTCH (Nach), S. a dance; an exhibition of dancing-girls.

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NAWAB (for nuwwab), A. this word means lit. "deputies," being the plural of na ib, a deputy." It is now a title of Governors and other high officials. NIZÁM, A. lit. arrangement; an administrator; a title of the Prince whose capital is Hyderábád, in the Deccan.

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NULLA, H. properly Nálá, "water-course," or depression."

PAGODA (origin obscure), "an idol temple" in S. India; also a coin formerly in use= 3 rupees, called by the natives hún, but deriving the former name from its showing a temple on one face.

PALANKEEN (PALANQUIN), H. an Anglican corruption of the word pálkí, a means of conveyance, of the shape of a long box with sliding sides, in which persons are carried on men's shoulders.

PÁLEGÁR (Polygar), T. Tel. a shareholder; a landed proprietor. A title of persons in the Madras Presidency who correspond to zamindars in other parts of India.

PÁN, S. the leaf of the betel creeper. Pan-supari is areca nut rolled in bete leaf with a little shell-lime for chewing.

PANSALA, Sin. a leaf-hut; monk's dwelling.

PARDA, P., H. a curtain, especially one that screens women; pardanashin=| one sitting behind a curtain-i..., secluded.

PATEL, S. the headman of a village, invested with some magisterial and revenue functions.

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PEEPUL (Pípal) S., H. one of the great fig-trees of India (Ficus religiosa).
PEON, from the Portuguese peao, Spanish peon, "footman.
PESHWA, P. the Brahman Prime Ministers of the Rájás of Sátárá, who after-
wards became the supreme Chiefs of the Mahrátta nation.

PHINS, T. the Toda name for the stone circles on the Nilgiri Hills.

PICE, H. a corruption of the word paisá, a copper coin, of which 64 go to a rupee, and to the anna, and which itself contains 3 pie.

PILIMAGE, Sin. image-house.

PINDÁRI, M. (Pendhara), organised bodies of raiders and robbers.

PINJRAPOL, H. (pinjra, a cage), an animal hospital, mostly kept up by the Jains; animal infirmary.

PINKAMA, Sin. merit-act; entertainment.

PÍR, P. old; Muhammadan saint.

PIRIVEN, Sin. series of monks' cells.

PRÁKÁRA, a great corridor between a temple and the surrounding wall.

PURA, S. and Sin. (PURAM, T.), a town, or city.

RÁJÁ, S. a Hindu King or Prince.

RANÍ, S. the wife of a Rájá; a Queen or Princess.

RATH, S. a chariot formerly, now refers to car used by Hindus on ceremonial occasions.

RATHS or RÁTHAS, the name of certain rock-cut monolithic Dravidian temples at Mamallapuram, near Madras.

RISÁLDÁR, A. a native captain of a troop of horse.

ROZA (Rauza), A. a tomb in an enclosure, originally the garden at Medina adjoining the chamber (hujra) in which Muhammad was buried. RYOT, A. a corruption of the A. word ra'iyyat, a subject, a peasant.

SADR, A. (Sadar, Sudder), top, chief, principal.

SADR ADÁLAT, A. formerly the Supreme Court of Justice in India.
SÁHIB, A. lord; a title applied to an English gentleman in India.
SAIYID, A. a descendant from the daughter of Muhammad.

SAMÁDH, H. cenotaph of a Hindu; also self-immolation.

SANDAL, A. and S. the fragrant wood of the Santalum album, L.

SANGAM, S. junction of two or more rivers-commonly a sacred place of pilgrimage.

SANGHÁRÁMA, a group of apartments for a community of monks, a

monastery.

SARÁI, P. a rest-house for travellers; a caravanserai.

SÁRÍ, H., a sheet worn by Hindu women.

SATÍ (Suttee), S. a chaste wife, especially one burnt with her deceased husband; the burning of such a wife.

SHAH, P. a King; a title usually applied to the King of Persia.
SHAIKH, A. old, respected; a class or rank of Muhammadans.

SHANKH, S. a conch shell, large specimens of which are blown as horns by the Hindús during religious ceremonies.

SHIKÁR; SHIKÁRÍ, P. game, shooting; Indian gamekeeper.
SHOLA, T. a patch of jungle; a wooded dell.

SIKRA, S. (Sikhara) spire or finial of Hindu temple; pyramidal; manystoreyed; always surmounting the cell of the image.

SINHASAN, S. a lion-seat (singh, lion), Hindu throne.

SIPÁHÍ, H. (Sepoy), a native soldier, one of a sipáh or army.

STAMBHALAT (q.v.).

STUPA (or TOPE), a relic-shrine; a monument containing relics; or a tower commemorative of an event or sacred spot (Fergusson).

SÚBADÁR, A. Governor of a Province; a native infantry officer corresponding to a captain.

TAHSIL, P. a division of a Zilla, equivalent to Taluk.

TAHSÍLDÁR, P. a native sub-collector of revenue, who may also be a magistrate. TAIKHANA (P. tah-khana, lower house), underground room for retreat in summer, P. sardáb.

TÁJ, P. a crown.

TALE, Sin. a tank.

T'ALUK, A. or more properly ta'alluk, a tract, or division of a district.

TANK, a reservoir, an artificial pond or lake, made by excavation or by damming (a word of both Indian and European origin).

TAPPÁL, H. in Bombay the post; delivery of letters; a relay of horses. TÍRTHA, S. a ford; a bathing place, especially one to which religious pilgrimages are made.

TATTÍ, M. matting; a mat-shade.

TEPPA KULAM (South India), a tank surrounded by steps with usually a temple in the centre.

THÁNÁ, a police-station; THÁNADÁR, the officer in charge of it.

TIFFIN, luncheon, a word of hybrid and uncertain origin.

TIRTHANKÁR, S. Jain saint.

TONGA, H. a light, small, and low-seated two-wheeled vehicle drawn by ponies, often used to the hill-stations and in them.

TRIMURTI, the three-faced bust of Siva in the characters of the Hindu Trinity. TRIPULIA, H. a gateway, or approach with three arches.

TUGHRÁ, A. an ornamental character of writing, used for royal signatures and titles.

TULSI, S. the Ocimum sanctum, the sacred Basil plant, venerated by the Hindus. VÁHANA, S. the vehicle of a Hindu god.

VIHÁRA, S. a Buddhist monastery, or an apartment or hall in a monastery or cave in Ceylon, a Buddhist temple; a meeting-hall of monks; later temples, and resembling churches (Fergusson).

VILA, Sin. (VILEI, T.), a pond.

VIMÁNA, S. the principal part, the actual temple itself; has a pyramidal roof, and contains the cell for the image or emblem of the god.

WAPI or VAPI, S. and Pali, a tank.

WAZÍR, A. a prime minister.

WEWA, Sin. a tank.

ZAMÍNDÁR, P. a landed proprietor, a landlord.

ZANANA, P. women's quarters-commonly Zenana.

ZIÁRAT, A. pilgrimage, and hence a burial-place, a place of Muhammadan pilgrimage.

ZIL'A (Zilla), A. a portion, division, or district; hence, the area or tract constituting the jurisdiction of the District Officer-i.e., a Magistrate and Collector, or a Deputy Commissioner.

This sign in the text appended to a name indicates that further information relating to the subject is to be found in the Index and Directory at the end.