and the latter evidently exhibited sa- | first author of maps. At the conclutisfactory proofs of well sustained diligence, and no ordinary progress in knowledge. This young and flourishing institution merits the confidence of our Church; and the patronage of the public. It is richly endowed. The character and attainments of its faculty are well known to the public; and, as will appear from the minutes of General Synod, on another of our pages, means are in train to obtain an extensive addition to the apparatus and library. sion of his travels, he sketched on tablets his route, which is said to have been a great wonder to the Egyptians and Colchians. Eustath. ad. Dionys. After Anaximander, Hecatreus, Democritus, and Eudoxus, taught geography by maps, or, as Propertius expresses it, pictos edicere mundos iv. 3. 35. Traces of a map are discoverable in Joshua xviii. 8, and Herodotus makes mention of a geographical tablet shown by Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus, to Cleomenes, King of Sparta. Her. v. 54. The oldest maps in existence are the Pentinger tablets, the history of which is highly curious.— National Gazette. On the word literati.-The word literati, which now confers honour, had at one time a very different signification. Among the Romans it was usual to affix some branding or ignominious letter on the criminal, when the crime was infamous in its nature; and persons so branded were called inscripti, or stigmatici, or by a more equivocal term, literati. The same expression is likewise adopted Pompeii.--A fresco painting has been discovered, says the European Magazine at Pompeii, which represents Vesuvius in a state of eruption, emitting flames and torrents of lava. Religious processions are seen at the foot of the mountain; and Cape Misenum and the city of Neapolis, are perfectly distinguished in the distance. Vesuvius must, since its execution, have become much lower; for in the painting it is of an extraordinary height. It is evident that the mountain Somma has been formed by subsequent erup-in stat. 4 Henry VII., which recites, tions, as there is no appearance of it in the picture. "That diverse persons lettered, had been bold to commit mischievous deeds," &c. The present meaning of the word is taken from the Chinese, among whom, however, it is applied more specifically to one particular sect of learned men.-Nation Gazelle. Kosciusko.-The Cadets at WestPoint have engaged W. & J. Frazee of this city, to erect for them a monument to the gallant Kosciusko. The expense is estimated at $4,000. Lithographic Engraving.-It de-al serves to be recorded, as a proof of the extraordinary despatch with which this ingenious style of engraving can be executed, that a very exact and spirited print of the late fire at the shot manufactory, as seen from Waterloo bridge, was drawn, printed, and published on the night of the fire-a rapidity of production unequalled in the annals of the art.--Eng. Paper. Invention of Maps.-Strabo says that Anaximander was the first Greek who invented a map. Among the Egyptians Sesostris is said to have been the Education at Algiers.-In Mr. Shaler's work on Algiers we find some interesting facts stated relative to the state of education there. In all Mahomedan countries the plan of education is exceedingly limited. Nothing connected with Christianity is permitted to be introduced. In Algiers, it appears, there are three colleges, which are, in fact, a sort of Mahomedan school of Theology, for the main design is to qualify the scholars to become teachers of their religion. One of these three colleges is set Christened in the 17 parishes with out the walls, Buried, - 4749 Only four have been reported as such.-London Paper. One of the most learned theologi3942 ans of England, the celebrated Dr. Christened in the 29 out-parishes Burgess, late of St. David's, now in Middlesex and Surrey, - 15,693 bishop of Salisbury, has questioned Buried, 11,906 the authenticity of the Treatise on Christened in the 10 parishes in Christian Doctrine, as a work of Milthe city and liberties of Westmin-ton. The London Literary Gazette 4117 says, "a strong corroboration of his 4062 Lordship's opinion against the au20,672 thenticity of the Work ascribed to ster, Buried, Total of diseases, Christened, Males. Buried, Males, 354 Milton, has, we learn, been very re12,915 cently found in the State Paper office, 12,719 where the first MS. was discovered: In all, 25,634 this is an autograph letter of Milton's, 10,825 in which he recommends Andrew 10,201 Marvel to be associated in his office; In all, 21,026 the difference between which, and Whereof have died under two the copy of the Treatise, is very con GREAT BRITAIN.-The distresses prevailing, among the operatives in the manufacturing districts of England, have been increasing during June and July. Their distresses are most severely felt in Manchester, Chorley, Blackburn and Bradford. There have been some outrageous mobs at these places. The operatives seemed to have been driven to despair, and even to a state of madness. They broke the windows of cotton factories, set fire to some of them-broke into the steam loom factories, which seemed to be the special object of their vengeance-demolished the machinery, and destroyed the cloth and yarn. The audacity and desperation of the people exceeded perhaps any thing that has been hitherto witnessed in that country. It was the effects of madness to which they had been driven by fell want. They and their wives and children were perishing for want of the means of subsistence." What feelings of gratitude and devotion ought this to excite in our bosoms! Divine providence has given us a profusion of every kind of food, so that the poorest man among us is fed to the full-and even in some parts of the country, and in our cities, the horses and hogs are fed on wheat flour, by way of economy! Oh! that men would praise the Lord for his goodness!The British government has resorted to the true measures which will alleviate the public distress. The proposition of Mr. Canning to give to ministers discretionary powers to admit foreign corn, not exceding 500,000 quarters in quantity, was, after debate, on the evening of May 5th, acceded to without a division. In Dublin (Ireland) the distress in the manufacturing community was alarming. In the Dublin silk trade, 1860 looms are at present unemployed, and thus 6,280 individuals are thrown out of work. And in the woollen trade there are unemployed 850 looms, which had employed 11,110 persons; and in the cotton trade 443 looms were idle, and thus there are 3960 hands out of employment. Thus, 21,356 persons, besides those dependent on them, have been left without the usual means to gain their daily bread. It is singular that Mr. Hume's motion in the House of Commons for an inquiry into the causes of the present distress, was rejected by a majority of 101 votes. Perhaps some alarm was excited among the friends of the ministry-for the learned and ingenious member undertook to show two things: That making allowance for difference in the value of the currency, the sum levied on the people last year by way of taxes, which amounted to 52 million pounds sterling, was within a million and a half of what was levied during the most expensive year of the war of 1815;-And that in the public expenditures of government during the space between 1792 and 1817, there was a sum wholly unaccounted for-and that was the enormous sum of thirty-six millions sterling-or upwards of 159 million of dollars. At a great meeting in London, $80,000 were subscribed almost immediately for the relief of the suffering districtsThe king gave out of his private purse, $30,000 for that benevolent purpose-and some of our truly generous hearted citizens of New-York are preparing to send a considerable quantity of flour to the sufferers in England. About 100,000 pounds sterling had been collected for the relief of the different suffering districts.-The last accounts bring the pleasing intelligence that trade is reviving in the manufacturing districts. RUSSIA. We have no interesting intelligence from Russia. The late humane emperor Alexander has left another proof of his zeal to reform his people, and elevate them from a state of barbarity. A few weeks before his death, he sanctioned a decree of the council of the nation, which abolishes forever, and prohibits, by severe penalties, the trading in white children, which was carried on with circumstances of great cruelty by the barbarous tribes along the whole line of Siberia and Orenburg. These tribes made plundering excursions, and took off cattle and children, and sold them wholesale to the Russians-they were made slaves. We devoutly hope that this praiseworthy decree, so pleasing to every humane mind, will be followed by a similar decree of our brethren and fellow citizens in the South. The circumstance of a different complexion or colour of the skin can never render the infamous and most revolting trade in human flesh, either moral or justifiable. The emperor Nicholas I. has guaranteed to the people of Finland all the prerogatives and rights conferred on them by the late emperor Alexander. ITALY. The Austrian troops are beginning to evacuate this miserably degraded country. The pope has entirely recovered his health, and is said to be entirely active in his duties. What some of these duties are, we may conjecture, from the fact that he is ex officio an enemy to the progress of Scripture knowledge and civil liberty among the nations. The Jesuits, it is understood, bear sway in the papal court. By their influence the French Newspapers, the advocates of liberty, such as she Constitutionel, the Etoil, the Courier, Journal des Debates, have been prohibited in Rome. ASIA.-The Burmese war appears to have been rekindled. A detachment of British troops, ignorant of the treaty of peace, had attacked a Burman division. Enraged at what they considered perfidy, the Burmans in great fury fell upon the British, who were not expecting such a visitation, routed them, and annihilated three entire regiments. GREECE.-The melancholy fact has at length been confirmed that Missolonghi has fallen, and that the spot defended so long by the brave Grecian heroes is a frightful desolation.Two thousand armed men, having in the midst of them the men, women, and children, made the sortie of the 23d of March. They were all slain except about forty, who were sold for slaves.It is said that this unhappy sortie was made in consequence of a deception practised on the Greeks: the Turks had caused 500 Albarians to take a position on a height within sight of the besieged city, and fixed upon by a Greek emissary, who had persuaded the garrison that their friends were approaching with aid; these Albarians appeared with the Greek standards floating over their heads; they gave the signal to the unfortunate Missolonghites to make the sortie; the Greeks discovered their error when too late.But, seeing all hope of safety gone, they set fire, in their despair, to a mine, which had for a long time been prepared, and they were blown up, together with the enemy; the remaining 1000 men in the garrison, meantime, collected into the Church the 700 invalids, and the women, of whom there were 1000 in the bloom of youth, and all the children; the 1000 men marched out and shared the fate of their brave compatriots, who fell fighting against the infidel barbarians; as they perished, and the Turks were rushing into the city, the Church, and all these interesting beings were blown up into the air. So dreadful was the carnage of the Turko-Egyptian troops, that Ibrahim Pacha could hardly mount a feeble garrison over the smouldering ruins; the grand Turk has complied with the utmost demands made on him by the Russian emperor. He has chosen to give up Moldavia and Wallachia, which contain together 41,000 square miles of rich and fertile land, while he prefers to retain the Morea, which is said to contain only 13,000 square miles. But the bloody barbarians are bent on extirpating the Greeks; thus, having no fear now of a war with Russia, the Turks can employ all their remaining forces against the Greeks; the affairs of that people are therefore in the worst situation. But they are not helpless; repeatedly, when, to all human foresight, they were about to be placed again under the barbarian's foot, a stronger arm, and mightier than that of mortal man, has specially interposed in their behalf.One thing is certain, that though the governments of Europe are indifferent, or even worse than indifferent, the Greeks have the hearty wishes and [ bilee was of all Europe and America. And we doubt notures, we have been favoured with no small share that these melancholy news will cause many so- of prosperity, while every nation in Europe has lemn prayers to ascend every Sabbath day in been suffering greatly in their agric tural and their behalf, from every Christian land; and mercantile concerns. Our national ju means will be more liberally furnished them than celebrated in a brilliancy of style, and with an before. In France and Britain, there is a noble enthusiasm superior to any thing that has been enthusiasm in their cause; the people of Bel-known heretofore. May Almighty God preserve, gium have formed a volunteer corps, who are to and bless our great and flourishing Republic; and proceed to Greece; this is called The Free Le-in the far distant revolution of ages, may there gion. And the Dutch merchants of the Hague never come a period, when the birth day of our and of Antwerp, have come to an understanding national independence shall cease to be celebrated with each other, not to sell any warlike ammu- with enthusiastic devotion to liberty; and the nition to the agents of the Pacha of Egypt.-purest Christian gratitude to the Almighty! Lord Cochran has, it seems, at last sailed for God has been breaking our strong rods, and Greece. We may look for the most eventful causing them to wither. That illustrious patidings on the fate of Greece this summer. And triot and statesman, who penned the original may God's holy providence put it into the hearts draught of the declaration of independence, of every Christian power to stand up and say to Thomas Jefferson, now withers in the grave. the Turk, "Our Christian brethren shall live- And his very distinguished associate, John we will not suffer you any longer to shed their Adams, died on the same day; and that day was blood like water." the fourth of July. It is a singular coincidence in PANAMA. The organization of the Panama Divine Providence; and on inquiry we find, it is Congress is postponed until October, in conse-rendered still more striking by the following facts. quence of the approach of the sickly season, and of the delay of certain states to send their representatives. Jefferson died about the same hour and minute, (ten minutes from one P. M.) when, 50 years ago, he signed the declaration of independence; and John Adams died at 15 minutes from 5, P. M. the time at which it was first pronounced to the public in the yard of the State House in Philadelphia. The political memory of these men MEXICO. The president of Mexico, in his speech delivered in the Congress on the 23d of May, stated that Spain refused to listen to any terms of accommodation; and that Mexico would remain in arms prepared to repel any at-will live and endure with the existence of the Retempt on her liberties. After the example of our country, the Mexican congress has abolished, by decree, all titles of nobility, such as count, marquess, duke, &c. They have declared that all persons shall be considered equal by nature, whatever may be their origin. UNITED STATES.-We enjoy general health; and, notwithstanding some distressing bank fail public. And in the revolving ages their names will be blessed by millions of freemen yet unborn. Had their minds been imbued with true religion and piety, their fame had been perfect and complete in all its points: but, alas! it is deeply to be lamented, that each of them lent his influence to a system hostile to the pure and holy religion of the Great God our Saviour. Obituary. DIED lately, William Van Mussel, aged 75 years, a member in full communion of one of the Collegiate Churches in New-York. and wept over that of others. He strove earnestly to discharge the lesser, and neglected not the weightier matters of duty-and you could always discover his religion in the ingenuous piety of his friendship. The external circumstances of this venerable man appeared like a surface barren and unsightly-But the internal course of his spirit was replete with precious faith and comfort. He constantly submitted himself to the word of God for teaching and direction. Over the sacred pages he sacrificed all his private inclinations and wishes-and in Jesus Christ he found life and salvation. He rejoiced in the testimony of a conscience void of offence before God and men. He looked at death without fear-he talked of the judgment to come without terror-he died in the Christian battle, and is now laid peacefully in the grave. The character of this Christian man beautifully exemplified that passage of the Sacred Scripture, "For know that the Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself; the Lord will hear him when he calls unto him." For, though he struggled with a constant series of the trials of poverty, yet he ever possessed the peace of God, a source of endless gain. He was without guile, exercising at all times the purest sincerity. He studied to approve himself to God, and sought not the applause of men. He dwelt in humble life, and was treated with neglect by the world. But he was loved and revered by all good men. And he sustained his fair reputation to the end. In all his deportment he regarded the glory of God, and studied carefully to set this before his DIED at New-Haven, on the 9th of June, in eyes as the motive of his actions. When he the 64th year of his age, Dr. Morse, a distinprayed, he poured out his heart before God-guished Divine, and the father of American His soul devised liberal things, though his words were broken-He was a warm friend to public religion-but his chief enjoyment was in private devotion. He mourned over his own sinfulness, Geography. DIED recently at Upsal, the ancient capital of Sweden, the celebrated oriental scholar, Norberg, aged seventy-nine. ces," is continually exerting an influence over our fallen and degraded species; and the storms and tempests produced by the crimes of men, rage furiously in the moral world. Ambition, pride, lust of gold, and tyranny, have each erected his rival throne; each has his degraded class of slaves, whom he goads on and scour MY DEAR BRETHREN,-I rise to address you on the gospel, and the gospel ministry, and the blessed fruits resulting from these by the Spirit of God. And you will permit me to be-ges through life, into the dreariness of gin with first principles. an awful eternity! The jarring inte ests of men, are ever and anon exciting the demons of discord and warg which deluge the world with human blood; and the tumult, like the cries of Sodom and Gomorrah, is rendered terrible by the judgments of God, bringing famine, and pestilence, and the visitations of the raging elements over the guilty world. FIRST-That this world has become the theatre of rebellion against the throne of God, cannot be questioned. We have only to open our eyes, and we see afflicting demonstrations of this truth. The blooming Paradise of God, is converted into a barren wilderness; crime and guilt are every where visible. The heart of man, where the love of God should bear And let the slender philosopher, supreme sway, sends forth bitter hos- and the sentimental declaimer on the tility against its Creator. Man em- glory and dignity of human nature, ploys his proud intellectual powers in triumph over us in his refutation; by the formation of treasonable purpo-producing from any country, and from ses; and his hands venturously exe- the records of any age, one human cute his criminal plans against Hea- being who has been exempted from ven's law and order. This spirit of this original guilt; one human being iniquity and treason haunts every fa- who has passed through life without mily; and every circle in society; the contaminations of sin; one huand every walk of life. It is seen man being who never felt, and who in the obscurity and retirements of ru- never feared the frown of the offendral life; it obtrudes itself on us amid ed Majesty of the Heavens! No, the noisy tumults of the city; it is there is not one exception. No soonstrong in its rule in the hearts of the er had men begun to live, and scarcepeasantry, and the more refined yeo-ly had the world begun to move in its manry-and the rich and polished among the sons of men. "Spiritual wickedness in high plaVol. I.-22. orbit, when it was converted into a rebellious province in the dominions of the Almighty; and this rebellion, |