Mecca and the Kaaba, 6. Metempsychosis, an Oriental doctrine common to Bráhmans and Buddhists, 413.
Middleton, Sir H., 205.
Millennarians in Islam, 152, 153. Mínákshi Ammál, queen of the last Naik of Madura, 585. Ministers, Asiatic, 176.
Mir Jafir, Dewan of Bengal, 524; defeats a plot against his life, 525; created Nawab, 526; treatment of Zemindars and despotic rule, ib.; praised for his religious zeal, ib. ; corn laws, 527; respect for royalty, ib.; mausoleum and mosque built by de- molition of Hindu pagodas, ib.; his daughter, 528; his death, ib. Mirza Bakir in Cuttack, 542; marched against and defeated, 543.
Moghul period, x; administration, xi; history, xii; Vedic customs, xv; an- tagonism to the Turk, ib.; empire a type of the old Hindu empires, 120; priests and astrologers, 124, note; em- perors, 136, note; empire, 137, 145, 189; the term, 147, note; army, 146, note, 148, 272; government, 175; wars, 236; the Great, Mr. Terry on, 421, 422; rule in India, 521; in Bengal,
Moghuls, the, xiv; in the Punjab, phy- sical appearance, 60; dubious Mussul- mans, 120, 121; three epochs, 121; character of, 122, 123; histories of, 122, note; religion and civilisation of, 123; women among, 123; gravitations towards Islam, Christianity, and Bud- dhism, 124, 125; toleration, 125; Turkish, ib.; nominal Mussulmans, 129; occupation of Delhi, 130; no- bility, 145; military administration, 146, note; aristocracy, 146, 147; in the Dekhan, 332; the princesses, 341; exclude European settlers, 348; rivalry between, and Persia, 352; their em- perors, 360; empire of, in peril, 367; described, 371; in the Dekhan, 372; four armies, 376; magnificence, 381; the last of, 390; massacre the Sikhs, 402; outrage at Surat, 465; fear of the sea, 499; employ European passes, 509, note; generals, 510. Money, coinage of, an assertion of sove- reignty, 43, note; distribution of, an atonement for murder, 55. Moon, new, celebration, 452, 453. Mosque, Mussulman, 3, note; the hea- venly bride, 39.
Moustachios, edict to keep them short, 324.
Mubárak, proclaimed Sultan, 66; marries Dewal Devi, 66; profligate reign, 66; murder by Khuzru Khan, 67, note. Mufti, the, 315, note.
Muhammad, the prophet, birthplace,
5; surroundings, 6; sketch of his life, 6-8; his religion, 8, 9; his successors, 9, 85, note; his wives, 161, note. Muhammadans, the, in Masulipatam, 484-486; in Surat, 496. Muhammad Bakhtiyár, conquers Bihar and Bengal 44, 45; expedition against Thibet, 46, note, 47; its defeat and his death, ib.
Muhammad Ghori, Afghan 'Sultan of Delhi, his defeats and victories, 41; assassinated, 43.
Muhammad Riza Beg, the Persian am-
bassador, state arrival at the court of Jehangir, 221, 222; departs in disgust, 230. Muhammad Shah, Moghul emperor, his
troubled reign, 405-409; death, 410. Muhammad Shah, the Bahmani Sultan, quarrel respecting frontier fortresses, 89, 90; and Vinaik Deva, 90; wreaks his revenge on Telegu people, ib.; throne of gold, 91, note; insults Kri- shna Rai, 92; massacre of Hindus, 93; exultation, 94, note; protest of the Hindu envoys, ib.; slaughter of highwaymen, ib.; death, 94; succes- sors, 94, 95.
Muhammad Tughlak, Sultan of Delhi, his character, 70; straits, ib. : impolicy, 71; makes Deoghur capital, ib.; re- turns to Delhi, 72: substitutes a copper coinage for a gold, ib.; attempts the conquest of China, Persia, and Tartary, 73; sees his kingdom fall in pieces, loses heart and dies, 73, 74; early expedition in the Dekhan, 82, 83.
Muharram, festival of, 85, note. Mujahid, the Bahmani Sultan, his
strength and violence, 95; death, 96. Mukarrab Khan, viceroy of Guzerat, his opposition to the English, 199. Mumtaz Mahal, the favourite wife of Shah Jehan, 203, note; her hatred against Christians, 252; her tomb in the Taj Mahal, 262.
Murád, son of Akber, at Ahmadnagar, 183; dies of a debauch, 185. Murad, son of Shah Jehan, the lax Sunní, 280, 281; delusion of, 301; pro- mised the crown by Aurangzeb, 301; eve of coronation, 302; drunkenness and sudden arrest, 303; a prisoner for life, 304; accused of murder, found guilty, and sentenced to death, 315. Music abolished by Aurangzeb, 324, 325. Musicians, their appeal, 325, note. Mussulmans, their appearance in India, 1; collision with the Hindu and effect of it, 2; hostile to Brahmanism, 3; specialties of Islam, 3, 8; importance of their history, 4, 5; conquest of India, 5; toleration, 11; conversions, ib.; hold on India, 24; west of the Indus, 30; established in the Punjab,
34; their women worked upon by the Brahmans, 76, note; in the Punjab and Hindustan, 80; Hindu influence on, ib. ; five kingdoms in the Dekhan, ib.; collision with Hindus in the Dekhan, 108; league against Ram Rai, 116, 117; victory, 118; respect for harems, 139, note; schism, 151; idea of Christ, 215, note; antagonism against Rajputs, 243.
Mussulmans, the New, their character, 58; massacre, 61; Shíahs, 87; in Hindu armies, 104.
Mustafa Khan, the Afghan general in the service of Ali Vardi Khan, 540; impulsive character, 543; treachery and death, 548.
Mutiny of '57 compared with Hindu revolt at Delhi in the 14th century, 83.
Nadir Shah, founds a new Persian em- pire, 407; march on Delhi, ib.; butcheries in Delhi, 408; marches home with his plunder, 409; assassi- nated, 409, 410.
Naiks of Madura, Hindu annals of, 415, 439, 569-585.
Nairs of Malabar, description of, 463, 465, 479, 480.
Nanuk Guru, founder of the Sikhs, 393; his religion, ib. ; successor, ib. Narain Rudra, his reign at Delhi, 556. Nau-roz, feast of, 211.
Nawab, office of, 524, note.
Niebuhr, Karsten, visits Bombay and Surat, 518, note.
Nizam-ul-Mulk, viceroy of the Dek- han, 406; jealousy of Saádut Khan, 408; death, 410.
Nuddea, the Raja of, 45, note. Núr Mahal, a heroine of "Lalla Rookh," 201, note; story of, 202; marries Jehangir, paramount influence, 202, note; coach, 225; intrigues against Khurram, 231; plots and intrigues, 237; checkmated, 239; vindictiveness, 245; desperation, 246; arrest, ib.; escape, ib.; fall, character, 247. Olaza, Queen of, 457; her meeting with Della Valle, ib.; accession and married life, an Amazon, 458; divorce of hus- band and war, 459; poisons her eldest son, ib.
Omichund, the Patna banker, 538, 539. Onore, fort at, a type of old Portuguese settlements in India, 440, 441. Ortensio Bronzoni, his shipbuilding, 350. Ox-hide, cruel death in, 17, note. Oxenden, Mr., Governor of Bombay, at Sivaji's coronation, 370. Padishah, the Moghul, 131, note; help- lessness in the provinces, 317. Pagoda, Hindu, turned into a mosque, 475.
Palanquin travelling, 468, 469, note. Pál Rajas of the Punjab, 23, note.
Pán, description of, 494, note. Pándya, Raja of Madura, his troubles and imprisonment, 569, 570. Parískhit, 556, note.
Parvatí worship described, 427, 428. Parwíz, son of Jehangir, 203; interview with Roe, 207; his drunkenness and death, 237, 241, 247.
Peacock, an emblem of the sun, 277. Peish was, the Mahratta, 406. Peninsula, or Southern India, its condi- tion in the time of Alá-ud-dín, 63; the people of, 96; its general history, 439. Pepper, Portuguese trade in, 440; Queen of, 443.
Persia, conquered by the Arabs, 10; revolt and revival under the Sámáni, 19, 20; sends ambassador to Shah Jehan, 258; condition of Persian grandees under Akber and Aurangzeb, 327; in Masulipatam, 485.
Poleas, the, aversion of the Nairs to them, 480; treated as lepers, ib. Poligars of Madura, 578. Portuguese and the Moghuls, 197; and
Hawkins, 198; punished by Shah Jehan, 252; women, demand for, 253, note; sunk in effeminacy, 256, note; at Goa, 424, 433; vices in India, 434, note; charged with deceit, 436; at Onore, 441; lose St. Thomé, 482; at Goa, 505; ladies at Goa, 506. Pratápa Rudra, Raja of Telinga, carried prisoner to Delhi, 564; his capture and release, 565; rebukes his minister, ib.
Prithi, Raja of Delhi, 41; his marriage with the Kanouj princess, 42; defeat and death, ib.
Punch, that enervating liquor, 507; its Anglo-Indian origin, ib.
Punishment, capital, 422, 478, 487. Purchas, Samuel, his account of Akber, 168-171.
Queen, Hindu, description of, 457, 458. Race differences in India, 233, note; solar and lunar, 277.
Rai Rayan, the Bengali financier, 530; suicide, 540.
Rajas, the tributary, 256; the Hindu, at Delhi, 323; the Assam, 350, note; their origin, 415, 439; persons sacred in war, 465; rule, 521. Rajput princesses, 17; prefer death to shame, 22, 23; kingdoms, 23, note; and the Mussulmans, 28, note; char- acteristics, 29; enmity to the Turks, 32; flight, 57; revenge, 38; would not blend with Mussulmans, 142, 143; intermarriages with the Moghul, 144; aristocracy, 148; army, ib.; disaffec- tion, 255; outside the Moghul service, 256; relations with Shah Jehan, 257; plot, 378; imposed upon, 379; outwit the adversary and defy him, 380.
Ram-deva, Raja of the Mahratta country, 53; surprised and plundered by Ala- ud-din, 54. Ramanuja Achárya, incarnation of Vish- nu, 559; converts the Jain Raja of Karnata country, 562.
Ram Rai of Vijayanagar, usurps the throne of Deva Rai, 112; intrigues and overthrow, 113; restored, 115; preparations against the Mussulmans, 117; defeat and death at Talikota, 118; indiscretion and fate, 569. Rana of Udaipur at bay, 375; muster of all the Moghuls to crush him, ib. ; entraps Aurangzeb, 377; holds out and triumphs, 380.
Ranga Krishna Muttu Virappa Naik, his abilities, his ring and the slipper, 583.
Rávana, Raja of the Rakshasas, char- acter of as a Jain or Buddhist, 413, 414.
Roads, Moghul and Hindu, 469. Roe, Sir Thomas, xii; account of mis-
sion, lands at Surat, 205; Moghul in- solence, 206; journey to Burhampoor, ib.; interview with Parwíz, 206, 207; attends the Durbar, 208; before Je- hangir, 209, note; negotiation diffi- culties, 210; snubbed and soured, 212; draft treaty, 213; meeting with the Viceroy of Bihar, 215, 216; present at a carouse, 217, 218; is wheedled out of the portrait of his lady-love, 218, note; warns the Company, 220; put to shame, 221; peeped at, 223; in Durbar, ib.; in camp, 226; with Khur- ram, 228; visits Persian ambassador, 230; meets Khuzru, ib.; indignation, ib.; an informer, 232; compliment, 234; bribes Asof Khan and leaves, ib.; at Surat, 419.
Royshan Rai Begum, younger daughter
of Shah Jehan, 280; ambition and intrigues, 338, 339; distrusted by Aurangzeb, 341; mortification at treatment, 341; her amours, 342; disappears, 343. Rubruquis, xv.
Saádut Khan, Nawab of Oude, the rival
of Nizam-ul-Mulk, 406; his jealousy and malice, 408.
Sabaktigín, his wars with the Rajputs of
the Punjab, his triumph, 22-24, notes. Saliváháná, born of a virgin, 557, note,
Salutations among the Moghuls, 175,
Sámáni, empire of, in Bokhara, its history, 20, 21.
Sambhaji, son of Sivaji, plays off the Mahratta tactics, 383; morals con- trasted with his father's, 383, note; plots against his life defeated, 384; captured by Aurangzeb and put to a cruel death, 390.
Sankara Acharya, an incarnation of Siva, 558.
Santons, Muhammadan saints, held in honour, 325; challenged to prove their clainis by a miracle, 326; failure and punishment, ib. ; one beheaded, 363. Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab of Bengal, 528; is thrown into confinement and re- leased, 531; his character and arro- gance, 536; affront to Jagat Seit, ib.; conspiracy against, ib.; rebellion against, 537; slain, 539.
Sayyids, dynasty of, 76, note; the two, 396-405.
Scinde, Arab invasion, 16, 17.
Selim, revolts, procures the death of Abul Fazl, 187; investiture, 188. (See Jehangir.)
Seraglios, the Muhammadan, vice in, 365. Serpent-worship, 472.
Servants in India, their faithfulness, 421; cheap, 426.
Shah Abbas, of Persia, demands the liberation of Shah Jehan, 345; pre- pares for war, 352; mocks and defies Aurangzeb, ib.; takes the field, but dies, 353; Della Valle's esteem for him, 460.
Shah Alam, son of Aurangzeb, 338; the crown prince, 339; raises a sham re- bellion in the Dekhan, 357; inactive at Aurangabad, 358; announces his rebellion, ib.; sham proclamations, 359; foiled, ib.; ordered to return, 360; crippled and disarmed, ib.; in the Dekhan, 372; steals a march on Akbar, 379; taken in, 382; two-faced policy, 387; makes peace with Sultan of Golkonda, ib.; arrested by his father, 388; liberated, 390. (See Bahadur Shah.)
Shah Jehan, son of Jehangir, his wife, 203, note; unscrupulous, hated by Núr Mahal, 237; supported by Asof Khan, ib.; Khan Khánan becomes his ally, 238; gets rid of Khuzru, 239; suspected by his father and sup planted by Bulákí, ib.; affairs des- perate, 240; plot to get possession of the royal treasures, ib.; defeat of the plot, has to fight with his father, 241; panic and flight, ib.; humbles himself and is forgiven, 242; revolts again and is forced to flee, ib. ; ravages Bengal, 243; is beaten and flees to the Dekhan, ib.; is joined by the forces of Mahabat Khan, 247; scheme to raise him to the throne, its success, 249; wades through blood, 250; char- acter and political situation, 251; source of his good fortune, 251, note; religious sympathies and antipathies, 252; influence of his wife over him, ib.; revenge on the Portuguese, 253, note; submission of Khan Jehan, 254;
pursues Khan Jehan, who revolts, 255; annexes Ahmadnagar and Berár, ib.; Khan Jehan's head sent to him, ib.; Rajput disaffection and contempt, 255, 256; coerced by the Rajputs, 257; treachery and cowardice, ib.; be- haviour towards the Persian ambassa- dor, 258; ambassador from Golkonda, 258, note; flattery, 258; story of the female slave, 259; and the Kotwal, ib.; highway robberies, ib. ; cause of his weakness, 260; his harem, ib.; its power, 261; his fancy fairs and lawless gallantries, 262; builds the Taj Mahal, ib.; amours of his daughter, Begum Sahib, 264, note; corruption of his administration, ib.; so-called history, 265; nomad court, ib.; a prey to fear, 266; greedy and lavish, ib.; Father Catrou's account, ib.; palace at Agra, 270; tyranny and corruption, 271; extortion, ib. ; founds New Delhi, 273; his palace guards, 276; his pea- cock throne, 277; his Hindu nature, 278; his sons and their struggles for the throne, ib.; his daughters, 280; sickness, 285, 286; intrigues of his sons, 286-290; resigns in favour of Dara, 292; offers the crown to Mah- múd, 300; barred off by Aurangzeb from the outer world, ib.; forged letters, ib.; in prison a terror to Aurangzeb, 321; his rights acknow- ledged, 322-328; refuses to give up the royal jewels, 328; strikes the gover- nor at Agra with his slippers, 346; a cordial sent him, ib.; poisoned, 347; funeral, ib.
Shah Námeh, marks an epoch, 39, note;
its subject, 551; its fabulous matter, ib.; its character, 552; its legends, ib.; allegorical of origin of civilisation, ib.; Oriental exaggerations, 553. Shahryár, youngest son of Jehangir, betrothed to the daughter of Nur Mahal, 237; attempts to seize the throne, 248; his fate, 248, 249. Shaikh Mubarak, father of Akbar's minister, Abul Fazl, 153; his career, 154; his sons, 155.
Shaista Khan, viceroy of the Dekhan, 335; celebrates the coronation of the emperor, Aurangzeb, 336; attacked when drunk, but escapes, 336, 337; recalled, 337.
Sherif of Mecca refuses to acknowledge Aurangzeb, 322; sends a messenger with presents to Delhi, who returns empty-handed, 364.
Sher Khan, the Afghan, outwits Hu- máyun, 132; in possession of Hindu- stan and the Punjab, 133; history, 133, note, 134.
Shiahs and Sunnís, division of, 9, note, 20, note; antagonism, 85, note, 105; mixed in the Dekhan, 87; confusion
due to this distinction, 87, note; des- perate battle at Bíjápur, 110, 111; deadly struggle, 133, note; under Shah Jehan, 253, 254, 394, 400; out- break at Delhi, 401.
Shuja, son of Aurangzeb, 279, 281; re- volts, 286; Jai Singh's letter, 287; artifice, ib.; bamboozled by Jai Singh, ib.; defeat, 288, 314.
Shuja Khan, Nawab of Bengal, 528; his favourites, 529; indolent administra- tion, 530; suspicious death, 534; his presents, 535.
Sikhs, religious sect of, 393; early brotherhoods, ib. ; become military, 394; long beards and blue garbs, 401; massacre under Bandu Guru, 402. Sikliguli Pass, its importance, 538. Sinde, infested by brigands, 511. Sivaji, the Mahratta hero of the Kon- kan, the terror of the Dekhan, 332; his character and independent position, 333; treachery and assassination, 334; courted by Aurangzeb, ib.; causes a panic in Moghul camp, 336; lured to Delhi, 354; his mortification and rage, 355; his peril and escape, 356; fore- warned forearmed, 357; supports the rebellion of Shah Alam, but takes no steps, 359; the terror of the Dekhan, 369; his coronation, 370; near Madras, 371; returns to Konkan, 372; lays about him, and dies, ib.; memory of him at Surat, 478; at Goa, 509; a free- booter, 570.
Slave kings, the, brief account of, 47, 48; courts of, 49, note.
Slipper, homage to, 583.
Somnath, 35, note, 36: the temple and its treasures, 37, 38; the idol, 38, note.
Spy system of Aurangzeb, 327. Sufism and the Súfi period, 25, 26. Sulaiman, son of Dara, betrayal of, 313.
Sultans, the, of Mussulman India, 77, 78; of the Dekhan, 94, 95. Sundara Iswara, the god Siva, 572, note. Sunergong, 62, note.
Sunní, the, period, 25; reaction, 26, 27.
Sunnís, the, religion of, 86. Surat, situation, 197; Roe in, 206; a European settlement, 424; cus- tom-house at, 474; administration of justice, 476, 477; the two Nawabs, 477; protection at night, 478: plundered by Sivaji, ib.; a change, 496; Christians insulted, ib.; Muhammadan merchants, 496, 497; the Banians, ib.; the Fakirs, 497, 498; the Nawab defied by the Fakirs, 498; the Nawab's oppressions, ib.; fear of the Mahrattas, 499; army of Nawab, ib.; Moghul shipping, ib.; described by Niebuhr, 519, 520; gar. dens, 520.
Taj Mahal, the, built by Shah Jehan, 262; its significance and character, 262, 263.
Talikota, battle of, 118. Tamil, Rajas, 64.
Tartars of Chenghiz Khan, 49, 50; character of, 121.
Tatta, its gratitude to Captain Hamil- ton, 512.
Tavernier, J. Baptista, xii; meets
Amir Jumla, 282; does not believe in diamond mines, ib.; his travels, 466- 473; his aims, 466; range of his tra- vels, 466, 467; mode of travelling and precautions, 467, 468; his information meagre, 473.
Telegraphs, Indian, at Goa, 507.
Telinga, situation, 53, note; intrigues, 90, 91.
Termal, the mad Raja of Vijayanagar,
114; betrayed, kills himself, 115. Terry, the Rev. Mr., his travels in In- dia, 417-423; journey to Mandu, 419.
Thanesar temple plundered, 34. Theresa, St., canonisation celebrated at Goa, 435.
Thevenot, M. de, xii; his travels, 473- 480; a thoughtful observer, 473; at the custom-house of Surat, 474; gets rid of a robber by a few coppers, 476.
Thomé, St., its capture by the French, 482, 490.
Timma, Hindu minister at Vijayanagar, his intrigues, 112.
Tímúr, invasion of the Punjab, 76, 98; a Turkish Moghul, 126; no Mussul- man, 126, 127.
Tirumala Naik, the hero of Madura, his coronation, 576; his reign typical, ib., note; settlement with Tanjore, ib.; marriage, 577; wedding cere- monies, 577, 578; his army and fin- ances, 578, note; marries three cousins, 579; humbles Séthupati, 579, 580; marries three hundred and sixty-five wives, and offends Mínákshi, 580; builds a new palace, ib. ; character and death, 580, 581.
Todar Mal, 178; revenue arrangements,
Travelling in Hindu countries, 457, 467-469.
Tugh Bahadur, the Sikh Guru, 393. Tughlak dynasty, 69–76. Tughlakabad, its ruins, 69.
Turks, and Moghuls, the, xv; invade India, 1; in Central Asia, 21; found the kingdom of Ghazní, ib. ; first colli- sion with the Hindu, 22; leadership of Islam, 24, 30; marry Hindu wives, 69.
Udipuri, Aurangzeb's favourite Sul- tana, 364; indisposed, 365; carried
off by 'Rajputs, but restored, 377; intrigues in favour of her son, 388. Ulamá, its influence, x; ignored, 60; and Alá-ud-dín, 60, note; at Agra, 150, 151; bigoted Sunnís, 151, 156; denounced, 152; and Mubárak, 154; troubles Akber, 156; humbled by Akber, 157; open debates, 158; dis- comfiture, 158, 159; differences among, 159; abdicates in favour of the Padishah, 160; the part it played, ib.
Umra Singh, the Rajput prince of Mar- war, his contempt for Shah Jehan, 256; overpowered and slain, 257. Vaishnava religion, rise and spread, 562, 563.
Valle, Pietro Della, his travels, 423- 466; motive of his visit to India, 423; short sketch of his life, ib., note; his companion, 424; his curiosity, 426; at Cambay, 428; visits Goa, 431; his Muhammadan servant boy, 431-456; his lady companion, 433; masquerades as an Arab, 435; goes to Kanara, 439; at Ikkeri, 448-455; purse stolen and recovered, 456; visits Olaza, 457; professes himself a Yogi, 458; eats a Hindu dinner, 459; praises the Pope and the Moghul, with Turk and Persian, 460; stands on his dignity, and refuses to sell jewels and horses, 460, 461; cannot obtain an audience of the Queen of Olaza, 461; visits King of the Yogis, 461, 462; visits Calicut, 462; in the palace of the Zamorin, 464; returns home, 465. Vareyánga Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata, 562.
Varuna, a temple of, 446; idols, ib.; procession, 447; worship, ib.
Vedic people, the, 125. Venk-tapa Naik, Raja of Kanara, his dealings with the Portuguese, 440; his mistress and his queen, 442; per- plexity, 443; invades Garsopa and carries off the queen, ib.; public audience, 448; conference, 449; fa- vourite idol, 452.
Viceroys, 272, note; the Moghul, 422. Vijaya Narasinha Belál, Raja of Kar- nata, 563.
Vijayanagar, Hindu empire of, para- mount in the Peninsula, 89; city of, impregnable, 93, note; wealth, 96; plunder of, 119, note; fall of, 119; history perverted by the Brahmans, 119, note; empire of, founded, 567. Vikramaditya, character and story of, 556, 557.
Vináditya Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata, 561.
Vinaik Deva, prince of Telinga, his insolence and fate, 90.
Vira Belál Rai, Raja of Karnata, mar-
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