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The Vingorla Rocks in lat. 15° 52′ 30′′ Capt. Huddart took the longitude of, next to Goa, and made it 73° 16′ 30′′. Thefe rocks lie about 6 or 7 miles off fhore, of which we know but few particulars, farther than that it is poffeffed by a piratical tribe named Malwaans. The principal ports hereabouts are Melundy or Sunder-doo, a fortified island about 10 miles to the N E by N of Vingorla Rocks, and reduced by Commodore James in 1765: alfo Rairee, Vingorla, and Newtya: which laft I cannot help thinking, is the Nitrias of Pliny, near which the pirates cruised for the Roman fhips.

A Dutch MS. chart affifted me in drawing the coaft between MeJundy and Antigherrya, an extent of about 70 G. miles. This chart was procured by Sir Jofeph Banks for Mr. Dalrymple: and the tract comprised within it, contains the ports of Dewgur, Tamanah, Rajapour, Rampa, Antigherrya, and alfo Gheriah, late the capital and principal port of Angria. This place was found by Capt. Huddart to be in lon. 73° 8'; and its latitude is 16° 37′. Between Antigherrya and Bombay, are the ports and islands of Zivagee, Dabul, Severndroog, Fort Victoria (or Bancoote) Sufferdam, Danda-Rajapour, Choule and Coolabba. At Victoria, the longitude was found to be 72° 54′: latitude 17° 59′. The latitudes alone of several of these places, helped me to settle their pofitions, as the coaft is nearly meridional; but I hardly expect to be free from miftakes, in fixing fuch a number of places, within fo confined a space, and with so few aids.

Bombay, the principal port and fettlement of the English in this quarter, is fituated in lat. 18° 58', longitude by Mr. Howe's obfervation 17° 38. I have placed it in 17° 40', or 2 minutes farther to the east, which was occafioned originally by a mistake, and which would have coft too much time to rectify, had I attempted it. Bombay is a small ifland, scarcely more than 7 miles in length, and very narrow, containing a very strong and capacious fortress, a large city, and a dock-yard, and marine arfenal. It was ceded to the

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English in 1662, by the Portuguese, as part of the dower of the Queen of Charles II. On the NE it is feparated by a narrow ftrait, from Salfette, a fine ifland of about 15 miles fquare, and an acquifition from the Marattas in 1773. Bombay, Salfette, and the neighbouring shores of the Continent, form a large found, in which are several other iflands, particularly Caranjah and Elephanta, the latter famous for its fubterraneous temple, and both of them acquifitions from the Marattas.

Salfette alfo has its fubterraneous temples, cut out of the live rock all of which appear to be the monuments of a superstition anterior to that of the Hindoos *.

Baffeen, a city and fortress of note, is fituated on the point of the Continent oppofite to the north end of Salfette. This place fell into the hands of the English, after a smart siege in 1780, but was restored to the Marattas, together with all the other conquefts made on that fide of India, at the peace of 1783, Salfette and the fmall iflands excepted. Baffeen is fituated in lat. 19° 19', and under the fame meridian as Bombay, as appears by the maps of that island and Salfette.

From Baffeen to Surat, the furveyor with General Goddard's army, drew a measured line (as I am informed) and the refult gave 9,5 G. miles of eafting, or 10' of longitude, for the difference between Baffeen and Surat; by which the latter fhould be in lon. 72° 50 ́. The difference of latitude N from Baffeen, was found to be 52', which added to 19° 19', gives 21° 11' for that of Surat. It is placed in 21° 10′ 30′′.

It is a great misfortune to geography that no one observation of longitude should have been taken, on the weft of Bombay by which default, we are precluded from correcting an extent of 7 degrees of longitude, along a coast that winds in fuch a variety of

At Elora near Dowlatabad, more than 200 miles to the east of Salfette, are other temples of the fame kind. For an account of thefe, fce Thevenot: and for the former, Anqueul du, Perron.

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directions, and whofe geography is compofed of materials of fo miscellaneous a kind, that it can hardly be expected we should fteer clear of error in the conftruction of it. The pofition of Surat is indeed checked by the measured line of General Goddard's march from Burhanpour; where Mr. Smith had an observation of the longitude. And we have also a measured line profeffedly taken with bearings on fhore, as far as Amedabad. But compaffes often differ; and the variation is as often neglected.

Mr. Smith's longitude of Burhanpour is 76° 22′, (but I have taken it in my map at 76° 19′, the reason of which I shall shew in its proper place) and it is taken notice of now, only with a view to fhew how far Surat, as it is placed here, agrees with the obfervation made on the east of it.

By the furvey of Goddard's march from Burhanpour to Surat the difference of longitude between the two places appears to be 3° 30′ 45′′, which taken from 76° 22′, leaves 72° 51′ 15′′ for the Iongitude of Surat. I have before observed, that its longitude deduced from Bombay is 72° 50' but having taken Burhanpour at 76° 19', Surat will be in 72° 48′ 15′′, and that is the longitude I have adopted for it; altering at the fame time Goddard's difference of longitude from Baffeen, to 8′ 15′′, instead of 10'. And as Mr. Howe's longitude of Bombay was altered from 72° 38′ to 72° 40', it appears that Surat ftands as it would do by Mr. Howe's original. obfervation, and with Goddard's original difference, of longitude.

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The materials under different authorities, for the form of the coaft between Baffeen and Surat, do by no means accord together; nor have I the means of determining which to prefer. From Bafseen to Arnaul, a fortified island, commanding the entrance of the Angafsyah, or Mandavee river, I take from General Goddard's. march, the only authority I can find. From Arnaul to Nonfary or Noffary, a few miles fhort of Surat river, there is a chart by Lieut. Ringrose; and alfo a chart from St. John's Point, to Surat Liver by Lieut. Skynner: by which means, we have about

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of the space contained in Skynner's chart, included alfo in Ringrofe's; and an opportunity is given of comparing their bearings and distances, as well as Goddard's, which includes nearly the fame space. Here, to our utter aftonishment, we find two charts, professedly taken by authority, differ 11 degrees in bearing in an extent of 60 miles! for fo much more eastwardly from the north, does Mr. Skynner make the bearing of Surat from Omergong, than Goddard's map does. As to the comparison between Ringrose and Skynner's charts, from St. John's Point to Noffary, Ringrose makes the bearing N 2° W, and Skynner N 10° E. Goddard's route coming close to the sea in the neighbourhood of St. John's, shews, if we may rely on his map, that the truth lay between Ringrose and Skynner; but that Ringrose came the nearest to it.

Having taken Goddard's line for the general bearing, I have adapted the other charts to it, in the best manner I could; preferving all their particulars, in which they do not differ fo much as in generals. Such excellent furveying marks as Tarrapour and Valentine's Peaks, and Poneira Castle, &c. offer, might easily afford data for a series of triangles; and of course, for a general survey of this coaft, in skilful hands and take away from us the reproach of remaining ignorant of the true courfes between two of our principal factories, Bombay and Surat. St. John's Point does not appear to project far from the general line of the coaft, either by Goddard's or Ringrofe's accounts, though described in that manner in all former charts. The fhallowness of the water near it, has probably kept navigators at too great a distance to be informed of the truth. I apprehend that the hill called Segwah, in General Goddard's route, is what is called Valentine's Peak by navigators.

From Surat to Amedabad, through the city of Broach, there is a route of General Goddard's profefied to be measured," and taken mathematically. We had previously maps or surveys of the country between Surat, and the river Myhie, extending inland to Brodera, Dubhoi, and Zinnore, on the Nerbudda; but none of them went

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beyond the Myhie. The following is the comparison between the bearings and distances of the different maps as far as they go.

From Surat to Brodera, by Goddard N 18° 55′ E 69,95 G. miles. Turner N 20 5 E 68, 4

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The differences here, are not great, confidering how much, compaffes and measures often differ among themselves. The medium of the 3 accounts differs fo little, in any respect, from Goddard's, that we need not hesitate to adopt the rest of his line to Amedabad, which is fomething more than 50 miles to the north-westward of Brodera. The most remarkable difference in this quarter, is between Mr. Skynner's and others bearings and distances between Surat and Cambay.

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And it is remarkable that the deviation here, is from the north, towards the weft; on the former occafion, it was from the fouth, towards the west. As Taylor's, Himming's, and Goddard's, agree fo nearly between Surat and Brodera, one cannot help giving the preference to their lines; or at least to the medium of both, between Surat and Cambay; which is placed in lat. 22° 16′ 45′′r lon. 72° 32′ 45′′.

Having altered the bearing of the east fide of the gulf of Cambay, it became neceffary, in order to preserve a proper width to the gulf, to give the weft fide a direction more oblique to the meridian, than appears in the original. At the fame time, as it appeared but reafonable that Groapnaught Point, fhould preferve the parallel of lati

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