The road from Beder to Burhanpour, through Patris and Jaffierabad, is from M. Thevenot. It affifts in determining the pofition of Jaffierabad, a principal town on the NE of Aurungabad. The road from Nander to Nagpour, through Mahur, is partly from M. Buffy, and partly from Mr. Ewart; by whofe account Mahur is 78 coffes, but by construction about 87, S W from Nagpour.

The road from Poonah to Beder, is taken from the journal of the late Col. Upton; who returned from his embaffy, by the route of Hydrabad, and the circars, to Bengal. His journal has much merit, as being full and defcriptive of the countries he paffed through; as well as of their refpective boundaries: but he was unlucky in eftimating his courfe; and it happens that we have no cross line to

correct it.

the

map

The road from Aurungabad to Sanore-Bancapour, is taken from of M. Buffy's marches: and Sanore was the extreme point of his campaigns, that way. See Orme vol. I. p. 425. I could only take the bearing and diftance, as I found them in the map: and it is a great defect, that in fo confiderable an extent, there fhould be no obfervation of latitude; that we know of. By the data, Sanore is placed in lat. 15° 39', lon. 75° 44'; or about 117 G. miles E by N from Goa. There is nothing to check this pofition, from the Malabar fide: not even the number of computed coffes from Goa. However, let the matter ftand as it may, with respect to the mathematical exactnefs of the question; had it not been for these marches of M. Buffy (the only monument remaining to the French nation, of their former fhort-lived influence and power in the Deccan) the geography of these parts, would have been extremely imperfect: but as they extend through more than 4 degrees of latitude, and more than 5 of longitude; they occupy not only the principal part of the Deccan, but by fixing the pofitions of fo many capital places, and interfecting the courses of so many rivers, tend to clear up many other pofitions.

;

Vifiapour (or properly Bejapour) is not fo well afcertained as might be wished. Mandefloe, who travelled the roads himself, fays, that it is So leagues from Dabul, on the coaft of Malabar and 84 from Goa; which, if meant of French leagues of 3000 paces, with an allowance of one in feven for windings, will give 142 G. miles from Dabul, and 149 from Goa: making Bejapour in lat. 17° 26′ 30′′, lon. 75° 19′, P. du Val, who formed a map of Mandefloe's routes (a copy of which is in the British Museum) and probably had lights, befides what are furnished by the travels, to guide him; makes the diftance between Dabul and Bejapour, greater than between Bejapour and Goa. And this I think likely to be the cafe, though contrary to what is faid in the travels.

Tavernier reckons 85 coffes from Goa to Bejapour (or rather perhaps from Bicholim, the landing place on the continent) or 8 days journey which 8 days, should be about 144 G. miles on a straight line; and agrees with what is faid above. He fays also, that from Bejapour to Golconda, the diftance is 9 days journey, or 100 coffes more but this account must be exceedingly vague; because Goa and Golconda are near 230 coffes afunder, by the directest route; and Bejapour lies more than 40 coffes out of the line. Fryer reckons Bejapour 10 days journey from Carwar, or about 180 G. miles. Cæfar Frederick agrees with Tavernier in making it 8 days journey from Goa.

The Lettres Edifiantes make the latitude of Bejapour 17° 30′. I have placed it in lat. 17° 26' 30", lon. 75° 19'; that is, 149 G. miles from Goa; 142 from Dabul; 171 from Carwar; and 203 from Golconda. At the fame time, I think it probable, that it may not be within 20 miles of its true pofition. The particulars of the roads leading to it from Dabul and Goa, are from P. du Val's map. Bejapour is a confiderable city, and was once the capital of a large kingdom of the fame name. It is now in the hands of the Poonah Mahrattas.

The

The travels of M. Anquetil du Perron from Goa to Poonah, have furnished fome useful matter towards filling up a part, that has long remained almost a perfect void, in the maps of India. His route croffes that of Mandefloe, defcribed by P. du Val, at a place named Areek or Areg, a few miles from the north bank of the Kistna, and on the road between Dabul and Vifiapour; and thus, fortunately, enables us to join his route with Mande floe's, with fome degree of certainty. M. Anquetil fpeaks of coffes and leagues, as fynonimous terms; and reckons 40% of these from Vaddal, at the western foot of the Gauts, and about 12 coffes (or leagues) SE or ESE from Goa, to Areg: and 51 more from Areg to Poonah. Now the distance from Vaddal to Areg, cannot be fuppofed lefs than 100 G. miles of horizontal distance; and from Areg to Poonah nearly the fame: fo that one can hardly tell how to denominate his itinerary measure; which is about 2 G. miles and a fixth in horizontal measure. On the road from Poonah to Nimderra (in page 138) we have obferved the fame deviation from the standard of the itinerary measures of the country; for on that road, his coffes turn out exactly 2 G. miles each, on a ftraight line. It should be a rule for every traveller to use, not only the measures, but the denomination of the country he paffes through; for then we are likely to poffefs a better fcale; than his judgment can furnish us with. This will be understood to apply to computed distances only. I have proportioned M. Anquetil's distances, as well as I could, confiftently with the fuppofed fituation of Areg, in respect of Vifiapour; which latter place, was the primary station in

this cafe.

His route from Goa to the Kiftna, is fo far on the ordinary road. to Vifiapour, by the Ponda Gaut. The route from the croffing place of the Kistna to Poonah, gives a general idea of the upper part of the course of that river; and alfo points out nearly the fituation. of Sattarah, the capital of the Mahratta ftate, during the time of the Rajahs of Sevagee's line. This place appears, by the propor

tioned distance of M. Anquetil's route, to be about 38 G. miles (horizontally) nearly S by E from Poonah. A native of this place informed me that Sattarah was reputed to be 30 coffes (or about 43 G. miles) SE of Poonah. I have no doubt but that M. Anquetil's route may be relied on, for the diftance. It is to Mr. Orme's historical fragments before-mentioned, that I am indebted for the knowledge that M. Anquetil's book contained any such matter. I lament exceedingly that he had not a compass with him, with which he might have taken the bearing of the road between Goa and Aurungabad: for in a quarter where geography is fo bare of materials, that every notice of the kind is received with avidity, that gentleman had a fair opportunity of distinguishing himself in this way; as he may be faid literally to have trod a new path.

The notes to Mr. Orme's hiftorical fragments afford fome notices and fuggeftions, that have been of fervice to this work. The general fituation of Pannela, fo much celebrated in the hiftory of Sevagee, is placed conformable to his fuggeftion, in the fame book. I have alfo followed him, in fuppofing the Atoni of P. du Val, to be Huttany, once an English factory in the heart of Visiapour. Hubely, another factory, is faid by Fryer to be 6 days journey from Carwar and by his manner of expreffion, I infer it to be fituated on the road to Vifiapour. It is in the fame place that Fryer fays, that Vifiapour is 10 days journey from Carwar.

Naldorouk, Malkar, Sakkar, Kandjoly, and other places in the Deccan, are alfo from Mr. Orme's book; which points out the fource of the Kiftna river to be on the NW of Sattarah; and it cannot be far from it, as the Gauts, or Indian Appenine, lie fo close to Sattarah; and the Kistna is known to fpring from the eaft fide of that ridge.

Raolconda, a famous diamond mine, is placed in Mr. Montrefor's map, about 15 G. miles to the weft of Ralicotte, and 12 from the north bank of the Kiftna; but I know not on what authority Taver

Tavernier, who vifited Raolconda, gives its distance from Golconda at 17 gos, of 4 French leagues each. Tavernier mentions his >croffing a river that formed the common boundary of Golconda and Vifiapour, about 4 gos, or more, before he came to Raolconda. This river can be no other than the Beema, which, to this day, forms the eastern boundary of Vifiapour; and paffes about 80 or 82 G. miles to the weft of Golconda, croffing the road from it to Ralicotte: and if we reckon the 82 miles, 13 gos; that is, forming a fcale from the diftance between Golconda and the river Beemah; each gos will be 6,3 G. miles in horizontal distance (or nearer 3, than 4 French leagues) and Raolconda will be placed about 25 G. miles on the weft of the Beemah; or II, east of Ralicotte.

If we take the gos at 4 French leagues, without regarding the proportion arifing from the above calculation, it will bring Raolconda very near the fituation affigned it by Montrefor. But I have nevertheless adopted the former, thinking it, on the whole, the moft confiftent.

Cæfar Frederick fays that the mines (Raolconda) are fix days journeys from Bifnagur: but this will apply equally to either of the above pofitions.

The general courfe of the Kiftna river from the fea to Bezoara, is chiefly taken from Major Stevens's maps, communicated by Mr. Dalrymple. From thence, to Timerycotta is from Montrefor, collated with Capt. Davis's sketch of Guntoor, &c. and a French MS. map. From that place to the conflux of the Tungebadra, it is drawn only from report, and in the form it is ufually done, in the maps that include its courfe. From the mouth of the Tungebadra to Gutigui or Catigui, its courfe is drawn in a French copy of M. Buffy's marches; and I have corrected it in two places by General Jofeph Smith's journal. Above Gutigui, its courfe is marked in certain places, by the roads that crofs it; particularly thofe travelled by M. Anquetil du Perron: but upon the whole, nothing more than its mere general courfe is known, except within