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Bisheswar, now a Mohammedan Mosque.-The Well Gyán
Bápí.-Temple of Ad-Bisheswar.-The Well Kásí Karwat.-
Temple of Saníchar.—The goddess Annpúrná and her temple.-
Temples of Gaṇeś and Sukreswar
CHAPTER IV.
Temple of Bhaironáth, the god-magistrate of Benares.-
Danḍpán, or the Deified Staff.-Temple of the Planet.-Kál-
kúp, or Well of Fate.-Image of Mahákál, or Great Fate.-The
Manikarniká Well and Ghát.-Legends respecting the Well.—
Temple of Tárakeśwar.-Sindhia Ghát, and the Raja of Nag-
pore's Ghát.-Temple of Briddhkál.—Shrines of Márkaṇḍeswar
and Daksheswar. - Legend of Raja Daksh. - Temples of
Alpmiriteswar and Ratneswar.
CHAPTER V.
Legend respecting Divodás.-Temple of Divodáseśwar.-
The Well Dharm-kúp.-Rádhá-Krishna.-The Nág-Kúáů, or
Serpent's Well.-Old Images.-Temples of Bágeswari, Jwara-
hareswar, and Siddheswar.
37
61
82
CHAPTER VI.
Benares, Káśí, and Kedár, the three Grand Divisions of the
city.--No old Hindu Temples in Benares.-Puranic character
of the Káśí Division of the City.-No trustworthy information
concerning Ancient Buildings to be obtained either from Hindus
or from their sacred writings.-Preference of the Old Fanes by
Pilgrims.-Trilochan Temple.-Legends respecting Trilochan.
-The Idolater's idea of the benefit resulting from Worshipping
in this Temple.-Kot Lingeswar.-Nának Shah, the Sikh Guru.
-Painting in the Trilochan Temple, depicting the Punishments
of Hell.-Trilochan Ghát.-Gáe Ghát.-Temples of Nirbud-
dheswar and Ad Mahadeva.-Gor Jí, the Gujarati Brahman.
CHAPTER VII.
Panchgangá Ghát.-Legends respecting it.-Lakshmaṇbálá
Temple. The Minarets.-Temple of Kámeswar.-The Machau-
darí Tírth or Place of Pilgrimage.
93
107
CHAPTER VIIL
Temple of Jágeswar, a Resort of the Native Aristocracy of
Benares.-Kásí-Deví, Goddess of the City of Benares.-Karņ-
ghanta Táláo or Tank.-Temple of the Demon Bhút-Bhairo.-
Temple of Bará Gaṇeś.-Jagannath.-Satís.
CHAPTER IX.
The Pisách-Mochan Tank.-Legend of the Goblin Piśách.—
The Festival of Lotá-Bhanța, or the Egg-plant.-The Gháts and
Temple of Pisách-Mochan.-Súraj-Kund or Tank of the Sun.-
The Hom or Burnt Sacrifice. The god Ashtáng-Bhairo.
Temple of Dhruveś war or the Pole Star
-
CHAPTER X.
The Mán-Mandil Ghát.-Temple of Dálbhyeswar.-Temple
of the Moon or Someswar. The Mán-Mandil Observatory,
erected by Raja Jay Sinh.-Description of its Instruments.—
The Nepalese Temple
116
123
. 129
CHAPTER XI.
Daśáśamedh Ghát and Temple.-Legend of Daśáśamedh.—
Siddheswari Temple.-Chandra Kúp, or Well of the Moon.-
Temple of the goddess Sankatá Deví.-Sankatá Ghát.-Rám
Ghát.
139
CHAPTER XII.
The Bengali population of Benares.-The popular Temple of
Kedareswar.-Legend of Kedár.-Mánsarwar Tank and sur-
rounding Temples. — Bál-Krishna and Chaturbhuj Idols. —
Máneswar Temple.-The great Image of Tilubhanḍeswar.-
Ancient mutilated Statue.-Temple of Duláreśwar.-Peepul
tree at Chauki Ghát.-Swinging gods
CHAPTER XIII.
Durga Kund Temple.-Bloody Sacrifices; their meaning.-
Sacred Monkeys.-Legend of Durg and Durga-Durga Kund
or Tank.-Kurukshetr Táláo or Tank.-The Lolárik Kúán or
Well.-Ancient Sculptures :
146
157
L
CHAPTER XIV.
Templo of the Maharaja of Benares at Rámnagar. - Raja
Cheit Singh's Tank.-Virtue of Pilgrimage to the Rámnagar
side of Benares.-Temple of Vedavyás.-Panch-kosí Road, or
Sacred Boundary of Benares.-Pilgrimage of the Panch-kosí.
-Sanitary condition of Benares.-Improvements suggested.. 169
CHAPTER XV.
Barna Sangam, or Confluence of the Barna and Ganges.—
Ad-kesav Temple.-Barna Ghát.-Ráj Ghat Fort; its use in
1857.-Remains of Buddhist Monastery.-Tank of Bhairo.-
Lát or Pillar of Siva.-Ancient Pillar.-Account of Dis-
turbance in Benares when the Pillar was thrown down.-The
Ghazeepore Road.-Ancient Bridge over the Barna
CHAPTER XVI.
Sivála Ghát.-The Old Fort.-Raja Cheit Singh; History
of his Insurrection and of the proceedings of Warren Hastings
in connexion therewith
184
197
213
CHAPTER XVII.
Hindu and Mohammedan Melás or Religious Festivals, held
periodically, in Benares
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Buddhist Ruins at Sárnáth-Their Antiquity.-Sum-
mary of the Narratives of Fa Hian and Hiouen Thsang,
respecting the buildings formerly existing at Sárnáth and in
its neighbourhood.-Points of agreement in the Narratives.—
Modern Explorers of the Ruins.-Extent and Nature of the
Remains. The Great Tower: Description of it by Major-
General Cunningham, and account of his Excavations.-Age
of Buddhist Topes or Towers.-Remains of a Buddhist Mon-
astery-Mr. Thomas's Account of them.-Discovery of large
numbers of Statues and Bass-reliefs.-Excavated Chamber.-
Foundation of an Ancient Tower-Major-General Cunning-
ham's Description of it.-The Chaukandí Tower.-The Isipat-
tana Hall, or abode of Buddhist Devotees.--Remains of Vihára
or Temple-monastery.-Small Building, containing Sixty Sculp-
tures.-The Seal Chaityas.-The Buddhist Formula-Sákya
Muni, the historical Buddha-His visit to Benares.-Spread of
Buddhism from Benares.-Decline of Buddhism in India-
Destruction of Buddhist Structures at Sárnáth, by fire.-Fall of
Buddhism
230
CHAPTER XIX.
Ancient Buddhist Ruins at Bakaríyá Kund.-Remains of old
Wall.-Carved Stones and Ancient Pillars.-Remains of small
Buddhist Temple. Remains of larger Temple.-Traces of
Buddhist Monastery
271
CHAPTER XX.
Further Account of Ancient Remains recently discovered in
Benares and its vicinity.-Meaning of the epithets 'ancient' and
'old' in relation to Benares.-Ancient Remains, No. I., in Ráj
Ghát Fort.-Ancient Remains, No. II., near Ráj Ghát Fort-
Ancient Remains, No. III., Small Mosque in the Budáon
Mahalla-Ancient Mound or Ridge.-Ancient Remains, No.
IV., Tiliyá Nálá and Maqdam Sáhib.-Ancient Remains, No.
V., Lát Bhairo.-Ancient Remains, No. VI., Battís Khambhá.-
Ancient Remains, No. VII., Arháí Kangura Mosque; Hindu
Temple of Kirtti Bisheswar.-Ancient Remains, No. VIIL,
Chaukhambhá Mosque.-Ancient Remains, No. IX., Aurung-
zeb's Mosque, near Bisheswar Temple.-Ancient Remains, No.
X., Ad-Bisheswar Temple and neighbouring Mosque.-Ancient
Remains, No. XI., Stone Pillar standing in Sone ká Táláo.-
Note.
--
CHAPTER XXL
Source of the great wealth of Benares-Its chief Articles of
Commerce-Its Native Bankers-Its Poor-Increased desire for
Education. The Government or Queen's College.-Monolith in
the College Grounds.-The Normal School.-The Church of
England Mission.-The London Society's Mission.-The Baptist
Society's Mission.-Native Schools of various classes.-The
Benares Institute.-Public Buildings in the suburbs.-Monu-
ment to Mr. Cherry.-Influential Native Gentlemen of Benares. 328
CHAPTER XXII.
Sentiments engendered by the contemplation of the city of
Benares-Its history, the history of India.-Principles of pro-
gress at work in the city. -- Changes visible in native
society. The Brahmo Samáj.-Diminished study of Sanskrit.
-Diminished faith in Idolatry in Benares and Northern India
generally.—Influence of education on Hindu youths.-A Martin
Luther for India. - Influence and spread of Christianity.—
Gungá-putras, or sons of the Ganges.-Literary and Religious
Societies amongst the natives.-The Benares Institute-Nature
of its discussions.-Lecture of Pandit Lakshmají-His account
of the consequences of Hinduism.-Effect of Missions and
Education on Benares and on India.-Religious agitation in
India. What is the destiny of Idolatry and of Christianity in
India?—The Future in respect of Benares.-Remarks of the
Rev. Dr. Thomson, a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church
of the United States, on the religious and social condition and
future prospects of India
APPENDIX A.
Narrative of Fă Hian, concerning his visit to Benares and
Sárnáth. Extracted from the Foě Kouě Ki by MM. Rémusat,
Klaproth, and Landresse
APPENDIX B.
Narrative of Hiouen Thsang. Translated by the author
from the "Mémoires sur les Contrées Occidentales de Hiouen
Thsang," of M. Stanislas Julien, translator of the original
Chinese work
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