city the Kasi Dipient BuildingsPreferende respectin worshipping.

CHAPTER VI.

Benares, Káśí, and Kedár, the three Grand Divisions of the

city.--No old Hindu Temples in Benares.—Puranic character

of the Kási Division of the City.—No trustworthy information

concerning Ancient Buildings to be obtained either from Hindus

or from their sacred writings.—Preference of the Old Fanes by

Pilgrims.Trilochan Temple.—Legends respecting Trilochan.

-The Idolater's idea of the benefit resulting from Worshipping

in this Temple.-Kot Lingeswar. Nának Shah, the Sikh Guru.

-Painting in the Trilochan Temple, depicting the Punishments

of Hell.-Trilochan Ghát.—Gáe Ghát.—Temples of Nirbud.

dheśwar and Ad Mahadeva.—Gor Ji, the Gujarati Brahman. . 93

CHAPTER X.

The Mán-Mandil Ghát.- Temple of Dálbhyeswar.-Temple

of the Moon or Someswar. — The Mán-Mandil Observatory,

erected by Raja Jay Sinh.-Description of its Instruments.-

The Nepalese Temple .............. 129

The Bengali population of Benares.—The popular Temple of

Kedáreśwar.-Legend of Kedár.-Mánsarwar Tank and sur-

rounding Temples. — Bál-Krishṇa and Chaturbhuj Idols. —

Máneswar Temple. The great Image of Tilubhandeswar.-

Ancient mutilated Statue. — Temple of Duláreśwar.—Peepul

tree at Chauki Ghát. --Swinging gods . . . . . . . . 146

CEAPTER XIV.

Templo of the Maharaja of Benares at Rámnagar. — Raja

Cheit Singh's Tank.–Virtue of Pilgrimage to the Rámnagar

side of Benares.—Temple of Vedavyás.—Panch-kosí Road, or

Sacred Boundary of Benares.Pilgrimage of the Panch-kosí.

- Sanitary condition of Benares.- Improvements suggested. . 169

CHAPTER XV.

Barna Sangam, or Confluence of the Barna and Ganges.

Ad-keśav Temple.—Barna Ghát.-Ráj Ghat Fort; its use in

1857.-Remains of Buddhist Monastery.-Tank of Bhairo.

Láț or Pillar of Siva.-Ancient Pillar.- Account of Dis-

turbance in Benares when the Pillar was thrown down.-The

Ghazeepore Road.—Ancient Bridge over the Barna .... 184

CHAPTER XVI.

Sivála Ghát. - The Old Fort.-Raja Cheit Singh; History

of his Insurrection and of the proceedings of Warren Hastings

in connexion therewith . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

CHAPTER XVII.

Hindu and Mohammedan Melás or Religious Festivals, held

periodically, in Benares . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

CHAPTER XVII.

The Buddhist Ruins at Sárnáth—Their Antiquity.-Sum.

mary of the Narratives of Fa Hian and Hiouen Thsang,

respecting the buildings formerly existing at Sárnáth and in

its neighbourhood.—Points of agreement in the Narratives.-

Modern Explorers of the Ruins.—Extent and Nature of the

Remains.—The Great Tower: Description of it by Major.

General Cunningham, and account of his Excavations.-Age

of Buddhist Topes or Towers.—Remains of a Buddhist Mon.

astery-Mr. Thomas's Account of them.-Discovery of large

numbers of Statues and Bass-relief8.-Escavated Chamber.-

Foundation of an Ancient Tower—Major-General Cunning.

ham's Description of it-The Chaukandi Tower.—The Psipat-

tana Hall, or abode of Buddhist Devotees.-- Remains of Vihára

or Temple-monastery.-Small Building, containing Sixty Sculp-

tures.—The Seal Chaityas.-—The Buddhist Formula-Sakya

Nuni, the historical Buddha-His visit to Benares.--Spread of

Buddhism from Benares.—Decline of Buddhism in India —

Destruction of Buddhist Structures at Sárnáth, by fire.-Fall of

Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

CHAPTER XIX.

Ancient Buddhist Ruins at Bakariya Kuņų.—Remains of old

Wall.-Carved Stones and Ancient Pillars.-Remains of small

Buddhist Temple. — Remains of larger Temple. — Traces of

Buddhist Monastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

CHAPTER XX.

Further Account of Ancient Remains recently discovered in

Benares and its vicinity.-Meaning of the epithets 'ancient' and

old' in relation to Benares.—Ancient Remains, No. L, in Ráj

Gbát Fort.-Ancient Remains, No. II., near Ráj Ghát Forte-

Ancient Remains, No. III., Small Mosque in the Budkon

Mahalla—Ancient Mound or Ridge.- Ancient Remains, No.

IV., Tiliyá Nálá and Maqdam Sahib.-Ancient Remains, No.

V., Lát Bhairo.Ancient Remains, No. VI., Battis Khambhá-

Ancient Remains, No. VII., Arhái Kangura Mosque; Hinda

Temple of Kirtti Bisheswar.–Ancient Remains, No. VUIL,

Chaukhambhá Mosque.—Ancient Remains, No. IX., Aurung.

zeb's Mosque, near Bisheswar Temple.—Ancient Remains, No.

X., Ad-Bisheśwar Temple and neighbouring Mosque-Ancient

Remains, No. XI., Stone Pillar standing in Sone ká Táláo.

Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Ancient Phairo. Ante Maqdam Bilge Anciement, the Bundle

Bisheswar Temple Pillar standing in Solo. ..::

CHAPTER XXL

Source of the great wealth of Benares—Its chief Articles of

Commerce Its Native Bankers-Its Poor-Increased desire for

Education. The Government or Queen's College. - Monolith in

the College Grounds.—The Normal School.—The Church of

England Mission.—The London Society's Mission.—The Baptist

Society's Mission-Native Schools of various classes. The

Benares Institute.—Public Buildings in the suburbs.—Mond-

ment to Mr. Cherry.-Influential Native Gentlemen of Benares. 328
CHAPTER XXII.

Sentiments engendered by the contemplation of the city of

Benares-Its history, the history of India.—Principles of pro-

gress at work in the city. -- Changes visible in native

society.-The Brahmo Samáj.—Diminished study of Sanskrit.

-Diminished faith in Idolatry in Benares and Northern India

generally.-Influence of education on Hindu youths.—A Martin

Luther for India. — Influence and spread of Christianity.-

Gungá-putras, or sons of the Ganges. --Literary and Religious

Societies amongst the natives.—The Benares Institute-Nature

of its discussions.—Lecture of Pandit Lakshmaji-His account

of the consequences of Hinduism.—Effect of Missions and

Education on Benares and on India.- Religious agitation in

India.—What is the destiny of Idolatry and of Christianity in

India ?—The Future in respect of Benares.-Remarks of the

Rev. Dr. Thomson, a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church

of the United States, on the religious and social condition and

future prospects of India .............. 341

APPENDIX A.

Narrative of Fă Hian, concerning his visit to Benares and

Sárnáth. Extracted from the Foě Kouě Ki by MM. Rémusat,

Klaproth, and Landresse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

APPENDIX B.

Narrative of Hiouen Thsang. Translated by the author

from the "Mémoires sur les Contrées Occidentales de Hiouen

Thsang,” of M. Stanislas Julien, translator of the original

Chinese work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

APPENDIX C.

Further information concerning Divodás ....... 381

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382