"Carnata, or Carnara, is the ancient language of Carnataca, a province which has given name to districts on both coasts of the peninsula. This dialect still prevails in the intermediate mountainous tract, but seems to be superseded by other provincial tongues on the eastern coast. A peculiar character, formed from the Devanagari, but like the Tamla, much corrupted from it through the practice of writing on palmleaves with an iron style, is called by the same name with the language of Carnatic.

Tailanga, Télingah, or Tilanga, is at once the name of a nation, of its language, and of the character in which that language is written. Though the province of Telingana alone retain the name in the published maps of India, yet the adjacent provinces on either bank of Crishna and Godaveri, and those situated on the north-eastern coast of the peninsula, are undoubtedly comprehended within the ancient limits of Tilanga,

guage, published at Serampore in Bengal, by Dr. Carey.

and are inhabited chiefly by people of this tribe. The language too is widely spread : and many circumstances indicate that the Tailangas formerly occupied a very extensive tract, in which they still constitute the principal part of the population. The character, in which they write their own language, is taken from Devanagari, and the Tailanga Brahmins employ it in writing the Sanscrit tongue, from which the Tailanga idiom is said to have borrowed more largely than other dialects used in the south of India. This language appears to have been cultivated by poets, if not by prose writers, for the Tailangas possess many compositions in their own provincial dialect, some of which are said to record the ancient history of the country.”

"The people of Gurjara, or Guzerat, use a language, named from the country Gurjura, which is nearly allied to the Hindi, while the character in which it is written conforms almost exactly with the vulgar Nagari. The limits of Gurjara, or as it is found named by some European au

thors, the kingdom of Guzerat, is supposed anciently to have included Candesh and Malwa.*

In the languages denominated Magadhi and Apabhransa,+" are comprehended all those dialects which are generally known by the common appellation of Bhasha, or speech. This term, as employed by all philologists, from Panini down to the present professors of grammar, does, indeed, signify the popular dialect of Sanscrit, in contradistinction to the obsolete dialect of the Veda; but in common acceptation, Bhasha denotes any of the modern vernacular dialects of India, especially such as are corrupted from the Sanscrit: these are very numerous.‡

* With respect to the modern geography of India, we have in general adhered to the Map and Memoir of Rennell, except in a few instances where some late surveys differ from him in regard to the exact latitude and longitude, though these differences are not material.

+ See p. 161, of this volume.

Asiat. Res. vol. vii. p. 199, et seq. Art. by Mr. H. T. Colebrooke.

In a future article,* on Sanscrit and Pracrit poetry, Mr. Colebrooke gives numerous examples of it from different authors, to which he adds Synoptical Tables. In this article he says, the Sanscrit will be found in prosody to be richer than any other known language: in variations of metre to be regulated either by quantity or by number of syllables, both with and without rhyme, and subject to laws imposing, in some instances, rigid restrictions, in others, allowing ample latitude.

The tenth volume of the Asiatic Researches, contains an Essay on the Literature and Languages of the Indo-Chinese Nations, by Dr. J. Leyden. By Indo-Chinese nations, Dr. Leyden means the countries situated between the peninsula of India and China, including, besides those on the continent, the various islands that are interspersed in the eastern seas. The erudition displayed by the author, and his extensive knowledge of philology, seem to

* Asiat. Res. vol. x. p. 389.

have rendered him peculiarly adapted to this inquiry.* His materials for it, he observes, were principally collected during a voyage he undertook for the benefit of his health, during which he resided some time at the island of Penang, visited the Malayan coast, and Achin and other places on the island of Sumatra. In the IndoChinese countries, the people inhabiting the peninsula of Malacca, and the coasts of the various islands, generally profess the

*An attentive consideration of the languages

spoken by the civilized nations of the old continent, enabled Sir William Jones to trace the whole to three families, the Arabian, the Indian, and the Tartar. Many he determined with certainty, and with perfect conviction to himself and to his readers. These, we will venture to predict, every future inquiry will only serve to confirm. Others were confessedly deduced from probable grounds, and plausible conjectures: their validity remains to be confirmed or disproved by subsequent researches; and that eminent scholar would have been the first to applaud this able attempt to illustrate the subject, however it might militate against his preconceived opinions."-Edinburgh Review for August, 1810, vol. xvi. pp. 390, 391.