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try, are called the four members of an army. On each flank, the horse; on the two flanks of the horse, the chariots; on the two flanks of the chariots, the elephants, &c.”*

In the same article of the Hindū laws, by which poisoned weapons are forbidden, it is also said: 66 Nor shall he (meaning the prince) slay in war an eunuch, nor any person, who, putting his hands together, shall supplicate for quarter; nor any one who has no means of escape; nor any one who is sitting down; nor one who says, I am become of your party: nor any man who is asleep; nor any one who is naked;

* The Heetopades.

Quintus Curtius says: "Summa virium in curribus: -Senos viros singuli vehebant; duos clypeatos, duos sagittarios ab utroque latere dispositos; cæteri aurigæ erant, haud sane inermes; quippe jacula complura, ubi cominus preliandum erat, omissis habenis, in hostem ingerebant. Cæterum vix ullus usus hujus auxilii eo die fuit. Namque, ut suprà dictum est, imber violentius quam alias fusus, campos lubricos et inequitabiles fecerat: gravesque, et propemodum immobiles currus, illuvie et voraginibus hærebant." Qu. Curt. lib. viii. c. 14, tom. ii. pp. 147, 148.

nor any one who is not employed in war, or who is come to see the battle; nor any one whilst he is fighting with another; nor any one whose weapons are broken; nor any one who is fearful of the fight, and who runneth away." These humane injunctions, however, are but very rarely observed.

The venereal disease, that destructive enemy of the human race, is now to be met with, we believe, in most parts of Hindustan; and it may be presumed from thence, that it may have existed there before the voyages of Columbus and Vesputius to the western hemisphere. Had it been carried into India by Europeans since the discovery of America, the epoch is so recent, and the evil so great, that in a country inhabited by an enlightened people, and in which there is a constant correspondence between the principal towns, the time when it appeared, and probably also the people by whom it was introduced, would have been marked and handed down to us. But, we apprehend, that no such tradition is to

be found. It is however, to be observed, that there is no Sanscrit word for this malady, which is universally expressed by using the Persian name Atashac.

When we observe how few and simple the utensils are, that are employed by the Hindū artisans of every kind, we are naturally surprised at the niceness and delicacy of some of their works, and the magnificence of others; but these may be accounted for by the extreme attention and unwearied patience employed by them.

The weaver early in the morning sets up his loom under the shade of a tree, and takes it down in the evening. The fine muslins are indeed woven within doors, the thread being too delicate to support the agitation of the air; but it is not uncommon to see near manufacturing villages, some of those stately groves with which India abounds, full of looms, employed in weaving the coarser cloths.

The silversmith sometimes works for daily hire, and then brings his whole apparatus to the house of the person who em

ploys him. He will imitate any thing that may be given to him; and some of their works in filigree are extremely delicate and curious.

The utensils of all the artisans and manufacturers partake of the same kind of simplicity.

Lacquering and gilding must have been long known to the Hindus, and employed by them in various works of luxury and ornament. We find them in use all over India, China, and Japan; though, in some parts, the lacquering is in a greater degree of perfection than in others.*

In the towns and villages, not only every cast, but each class of artisans and manu

Bernier, speaking of the Cashmirians, says: "Ils font des Palckys, des bois de lit, des coffres, des écritoires, des cassettes, des cuillers, et plusieurs autres sortes de petits ouvrages, qui ont une beauté toute particulière, et qui se distribuent par toutes les Indes. Ils savent y donner un vernis, et suivre et contrefaire si adroitement les veines d'un certain bois, qui en a de fort belles, y appliquant des filets d'or, qu'il n'y a rien de plus beau."-Voyages de Bernier.

facturers, has its own particular quarter for residence. The Chandalas, and all judged to be unclean by having been expelled from their casts, live in a quarter entirely separate from any other, nor dare they even pass through the streets that are inhabited by any of the pure casts.

Rice is the principal article of nourishment of all the natives; and the first object of attention in the cultivation of it, is to have the soil plentifully supplied with water. If there be a scarcity of water, the harvest is scanty in proportion to it, and deficiency of rain at its usual season may produce a famine. In travelling through Hindustan, some opinion may be formed of the wisdom and benignity of the government, by the number, and state of preservation, of the tanks and water-courses.

The Hindūs, far from labouring to make proselytes to their religion, do not admit into it those who had been born in and professed any other faith. They say, that provided men perform their moral duties, in

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