into a state of defence and one company of this battalion was left in the poeri to guard the treasury.

Various notable Balinese surrendered themselves the same day, amongst others, Anak-Agoeng K'Toet Djilantik Kanginan, grandson of the Rajah's elder brother, who died in 1870. Finally, the last missing gun was brought back by the inhabitants.

Now that we had secured the prince, his son and his grandson, it was the turn of the remaining members of the family and on the 21st November the prince was instructed to write to his relatives at Sasari

fire on their residence at 11.30 a.m.

bidding them come at once to Ampenan. The two Balinese messengers returned with unsatisfactory replies: one member of the family, Anak Agoeng Nengah Karang, a son of the before mentioned elder brother of the prince, had excused himself on the plea of illness, two others were absent, etc.

On receipt of these replies a column commanded by

Colonel Swart, composed of the 6th and 11th infantry battalions, mountain artillery and two companies of Madurese (Captain Otken) marched to Sasari, which they reached at 9 a.m. and surrounded. The members of the prince's family were summoned to surrender and, as the parleying led to nothing, the artillery opened

The place was soon in flames, and at the same time a terrible noise was heard; from the border of the kampong a brisk fire was directed on our advancing troops on the east side. The reserve were ordered to go to their relief, but, by the time they had reached the fighting line, a terrible drama had taken place.

Whilst the 6th battalion were encircling the kampong more closely, suddenly, and amidst the wildest yells and cries, a whole band of Balinese rushed forth from the burning pile on Captain Schreiner's column.

These were all the remaining members of the reigning family with their suite, poenggawas, idas, gustis, men, women and children; they were ready to seek death and had arrayed themselves in their most

elegant dresses, adorned themselves with jewelry, armed themselves with the sacred kris or spear and, thus prepared, they hurried themselves with all their strength on our soldiers.

This was the famous "poepotan!"

Our soldiers did not hesitate for a moment; the enemy was quickly decimated; few came within reach of our bayonets, those who were not immediately shot down took their own lives rather than fall into our hands. Amongst those killed in this last struggle were two sons of Madé; Anak Agoeng k'Toet Djilantik Weda and Anak Agoeng Ajoe Madé, a great-grandson of the prince, (Anak Agoeng G'dé Djilantik) the five year old son of Anak Agoeng G'dé Poetoch, killed at Pagasangan, all the daughters of the Rajah: Anak-Agoeng Ajoe Madé, Anak-Agoeng Ajoe Neugah, Anak-Agoeng Ajoe Karang and Anak-Agoeng Ajoe Praba, and two of his grand-daughters Anak-Agoeng Ajoe Poetoe and Anak Agoeng Ajoe Mas.

Twelve men occupying the highest positions and fifty of the most noted women died like heroes. In this they acted according to Balinese "adat" and they claim our respect and admiration.

After the Madurese took the first line, a further advance was made into the interior of the kampong; this movement produced a heavy fire from the enemy, especially from the trees. Major Frackers, commanding the 6th battalion, was mortally wounded, the gray charger he was riding serving unfortunately as an admirable target to the Balinese. The young 2nd Lieutenant F. Franssen was badly wounded at the same time, but in spite of the loss of blood, led his men to the end of the fight. In view of this resolute opposition, the 11th battalion, who meanwhile had made a breach in the north wall of the kampong and were within 170 yards of that face of the building, received orders to join the left wing. The two battalions then advanced together and succeeded in reaching a breach in the east wall of the kampong and had already entered, when suddenly-about 1 p.m.-a most terrific explosion took place in a powder magazine close by, presumably ignited by a Balinese posted at the breach. Huge masses of earth, burning straw, pieces of wood, heavy beams were flung up in the air and fell to the ground in the midst of our men and the fire spread to various parts of the kampong; a few minutes later a second explosion was heard and the entire kampong was in a blaze. However, Lieutenants Ter Beek and Wefers Bettink succeeded in leading their native (Javanese) soldiers-all of the 3rd company of the 11th battalion-straight into the middle of the burning kampong, abandoned by the enemy. This company had nothing more to fear from the Balinese, but, unfortunately, the 6th battalion was unacquainted with their entry into the kampong and kept up their fire in that direction, so that their comrades had some difficulty in protecting themselves. When the Commander of the column was informed of the state of affairs, he issued orders for a retreat, considering it inadvisable * See page 104.

to push further forward into the flames. This circumstance permitted the escape of Anak-Agoeng Neucah Karang, as also of Anak Agoeng G'dé Rai, a son of k'Toet; the former going to Toh-pati, north Tjakra, the latter to the mountain kampong of Awang Madia.

The troops returned to Ampenan carrying the dead body of Major Frackers and one soldier killed and Lieutenant Franssen and 12 soldiers wounded. Great sorrow was felt at the death of Major Frackers, who by his calm demeanour in battle, had won the confidence of all who served under him and was highly esteemed by officers and men alike for his many excellent qualities.

The following day-23rd November- a reconnaissance was made from the Tjakra cross-roads in a southerly direction towards Abean Toeboeh; all the side roads east and west of the high road were thoroughly searched without encountering the smallest display of hostility and the inhabitants set to work willingly to break down the south wall of Tjakra.

On this day a larger proportion of notable Balinese of rank came to surrender than on any previous day and these included Ida K'Toet Wanasari, the head of the Brahmins at Tjakra.

On the same day another important event took place at Ampenan : Controller Liefrinck informed the Prince by a written communication of the Commander-in-chief's decision to send him to Batavia. However distasteful this news might be, the prince had no choice but to submit. The prince passed between a double line of soldiers from his temporary dwelling to the shore; not a soul was visible; the soldiers were confined to barracks; there were no salutes; the departure had been kept secret and was hurried as much as possible to avoid any kind of demonstration. The Prince touched the soil of Salamparang for the last time and carried away with him a few handfuls of sand, as a souvenir, to the country to which the company were going to exile him!

He took his seat in the state barge of the Koningin Emma, which was towed by the steam launch of the Tromp to the Prins Hendrik, the man-of-war destined to carry to Batavia the Prince with his son and grandson taken prisoners on the 20th November, as also his grand nephew who surrendered after the fall of Tjakra. Next to the state barge, guarded by the sailors, was a boat of the Bali with a launch of the Tromp, filled with poenggawas and followers. The steam pinnace of the Maetsuycker had in tow a launch with followers of lower rank, and was accompanied by an armed pinnace.

Controller Liefrinck went with the Prince on the Prins Hendrik. A few shrill whistles and the man-of-war left the harbour of Lombock carrying into exile the last Rajah of the island.

On the 24th November many more notable chiefs surrendered and on the 25th another member of the family was brought to Ampenan, the rajah's eight year old son: Anak-Agoeng K'Toet Oka, who lived *This appears to have been the only way of communicating with him. Although the prince's mind was perfectly clear, he was too deaf to confer with verbally.

with his mother Duida Pateniah-a Sassak-in the kampong of Soekaradja and whom one of the chiefs had induced to surrender. But AnakAgoeng Nengah Karang was still at Toh-pati.

The next day, 26th November, a column, composed of half a battalion of infantry, one half troop of cavalry, one section mountain artillery and one section of engineers commanded by General Segov, marched on this place. From the cross-roads at Tjakra they proceeded northwards; the 6th battalion took up position in the kampong of Teliwang, the remainder of the troops in the sawah north of Toh-pati, where the artillery set up their battery; the last summons to surrender remaining unanswered, fire was opened on the residence of the members of the prince's family. Shortly afterwards a gate was opened on the west front of Toh-pati; a few minutes later Anak-Agoeng Nengah Karang appeared, carried in his chair by his followers and surrounded by a few others who had continued faithful to him.

Our troops directed a heavy fire towards the approaching group; struck by many bullets, the prince died in his chair, his friends falling around him, including men, women and one child!

The troops penetrated into the kampong and were received with a good deal of opposition, but, after some steady fighting, the Balinese were driven to flight; but many notable men and women were killed in this last engagement.

On our side the casualties were: one soldier killed and five wounded. K'Toet's son, Anak-Agoeng G'dé Rai, who had fled to the mountains, was brought from his hiding place by two poenggawas and taken to Ampenan on the 29th November and later to Batavia with his wife, Ni Dami, his mother Djéro Mimbar, and the Rajah's young son, Anak-Agoeng K'Toet Oka, with the boy's mother, Adinda Patimah.

Meanwhile the old Prince had arrived at Batavia and, in spite of all the measures taken by the Government to keep the arrival quiet, the news had become known, and early on the morning of the 28th November, thousands of spectators gathered at Tandjong Priok to witness the arrival. There was a great deal of activity on the man-of-war, where the Resident and many other civil officials went on board to receive the prisoners.

A section of marines were landed and a guard was placed along the quay before the Rajah disembarked. He looked very old and a few grey hairs showed themselves from beneath his head-covering, he wore a yellow silk jacket and a short sarong. On his upper lip was a plaister and his body was bandaged where he had been wounded while defending the poeri.

Whilst he was being carried in his chair across the gangway, murmurs were heard amongst the multitude, and here and there an oath, but there was no disorder. The Rajah was followed by the crown prince and then came the rest of the suite accompanied by the officials, causing considerable surprise to the crowd.

A couple of carriages in the train had been reserved for the prison

ers; looking up at this strange conveyance with a kind of childish fear, the prince was lifted up into it by his attendants, his wounds impeding his movements, and his son and grandson entered the same compartment, as also Heer Liefrinck and various officials. The second carriage was for the suite and was accompanied by the sheriff.

The train left the station amid the shouts of the people and all along the line there were crowds waiting to catch a glimpse of the prisoners; they left the train at Koningsplein and the rest of the journey was made in hired carriages and they were escorted to their final destination by a detachment of cavalry in addition to various other military officials; a residence had been prepared for the princes at Janah Abang under the direction of the sheriff.

*

Meanwhile, all the poenggawas, pedandas and the entire population of Balinese at Lombock had surrendered; inspections were made every day in the different districts: 27th-29th November Colonel Swart visited Narmada; 30th November General Segov marched to Lingsar; the 1st December an expedition went to Rembega and Gunong Sari; there was not a vestige of opposition anywhere; peace prevailed everywhere; the bazaars were busily frequented as of old, and the people throughout showed obedience and good will.

The time had now arrived when some attempt could be made to introduce order into the disorganized state of the island. The Commander-in-chief was assisted by G. A. Scherer, director of Internal Government, who had started once more for Lombock on the 17th November according to instructious from the Government, who knew that political discussions would be the order of the day after the fall of Tjakra. All the Sassak chiefs were summoned to meet the Commanderin-chief on the West coast for the purpose of holding a conference; besides Mami Sapian, Goeroe Bangkol, also chief of Praja, answered to the summons, bringing with him this time the Balinese Prince Datoe Pangeran, who was at once-December 9th-shipped off on the Tromp, to Buitenzorg. Goeroe Bangkol had put forward as many difficulties to the departure as he could; but he was given to understand that the Governor General insisted upon it and he was bound to submit to the inevitable, and thus another obstacle was removed from our path. Various posts were already being dismantled and the time was approaching when the greater part of the troops could return home. Some took their departure early in December, including the 5th, 6th, 7th and 9th battalions, the artillery, cavalry, engineers, departmental corps, and auxiliaries not appointed for occupation of the island.

In the beginning of the work we spoke of the enthusiasm displayed towards the departing soldiers, but it was insignificant in comparison to

* Besides the prince, his son, grandson and nephew the other state prisoners at Janah Abang were: the poenggawas Gusti Njoman Wanasara Jogok, Dewa G'dé Pinatih Dèddèk Gusti Neugah Penida Dekdak, Gusti Wajan Jedoekh, four men and four women servants. On the 5th December the prince's youngest son and his mother Dinda Patimah were also conveyed here, and one male and one female servant.