the hill, under a large mass of granite rock, at a spot completely shut out from the world and affording a magnificent view of the plains below, he had his study hollowed out, and steps cut in the rock, over which alone it could be reached. The great rock effectually protects the cave from the heat of the sun, in whose warm light the valley below lies basking; not a sound reaches it from the plain-now a far-reaching forest, then full of busy homesteads ; there is only heard that hum of insects which never ceases, and the rustling of the leaves of the trees which cling to the sides of the precipice. I shall not easily forget the day when I first entered that lonely, cool and quiet chamber, so simple, and yet so beautiful, where more than two thousand years ago the great teacher of Ceylon had sat and thought and worked through long years of his peaceful and useful life. On that hill he afterwards died, and his ashes still rest under the dagoba, which is the principal object of the reverence and care of the few monks who still reside in the Mahintah Wihare."

Everywhere about Anuradhapura are to be seen the remains of ancient monasteries and bathing tanks, distinguishable from the reservoirs designed for irrigation by the lining of masonry or cement over their entire extent.

Not the least curious of the many remarkable antiquities at Anuradhapura is the sacred Bo tree. This venerable specimen is allowed the distinction of

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being the oldest tree in the world, and the parent of all other Bo trees upon the island. It is seriously asserted that the Bo tree of Anuradhapura is over two thousand years old. It is said to have grown from a branch of the famous Bo tree, or pípul, of Buddh Gayá, which King Asoka sent to Ceylon about 245 B.C., and "from that time to this it has been watched over by a succession of guardians never interrupted."

Pilgrims come from the uttermost parts of the Buddhist countries to visit the sacred tree of Anuradhapura. It is now enclosed by a modern wall, and a flight of stone steps leads up to the terraced mound upon which it stands.

THE END.

GLOSSARY.

Abád. Populous; frequently compounded with a proper name to form the name of a city.

Adil Shahi. A Musalmán dynasty which ruled at Bijápur for two hundred years, from 1489. It was an offshoot of the Bahmani line of sultáns.

Afghán. The name applied generally to the people of Afghánistán, who include the Afgháns proper, a race of Semitic origin; the Patháns; the Ghilzais; and two tribes of Persian descent.

Afridi. A numerous and warlike Pathán tribe lying immediately upon the British border.

Ahmad Shahi. The name of a branch of the Bahmani dynasty, which established itself in Berar at the close of the fifteenth century.

Allah. THE God. The Muhammadans have ninety-nine names for God.

Aranyaka. Derived from áranya, a forest, and applied to a treatise deemed to be so holy as to be fit only to be read in the solitude of a forest. The most important portion of the Aranyakas is that composed of the Upanishads.

Avatar. The sojourn upon earth of a god in the form of a man or animal. These incarnations are chiefly associated with Vishnu, who is said to have been avatar twenty-four times. Bábu. A native clerk, book-keeper or manager. In a Bengal village the zamindár. The word is frequently used as an equivalent for "mister."

VOL. II.-20

Bagh. A garden; particularly a pleasure garden, containing a pavilion or palace.

Bahádur. A warrior of distinction; an honorary title among the Mughals, and now frequently applied to native officials of high rank.

Bahmani. A Muhammadan dynasty which ruled in the Deccan from the middle of the fourteenth to the end of the fifteenth century. Bái. A term applied respectfully to elderly ladies and to princesses below the highest rank.

Baluchi. An inhabitant of Baluchistán, or an emigrant from that country. Many of the latter or their descendants are settled in Sindh and Gujarát.

Banghy wallah. A banghy or bahangi is a bamboo with a cord at each end, designed to carry earthenware vessels or packWallah signifies a fellow. Hence a banghy-wallah is a public carrier. A parcel is also termed a banghy.

ages.

Bangle. A bracelet.

Banya. A trader; a shopkeeper; a money-lender. In Calcutta the native cashiers of European firms are styled banyás. Baradari. A house of many doors; a summer residence in a garden; and often eventually the mausoleum of the owner. Bazaar, or bázár. A market; a street composed of shops, or an ag gregation of such streets; the shopkeepers' section of a city.

Begam. A Musalmán lady of rank.

Beni-Israel. The name of a small tribe abiding in the Konkan. They claim to be descended from a few men and women who came from a northern country and were shipwrecked on the Colaba coast in 1600. In physiognomy they resemble Arabian Jews. They use the Maráthí dialect, and dress in a mixture of Hindu and Musalmán costume. They practice circumcision, and use the Hebrew liturgy of the Sephardim. They engage in various occupations, but chiefly in agriculture and the manufacture of oil.

Bheestie or bhistí. A water carrier. He furnishes water for domestic use, and sprinkles the roads: in either case using a masak, or leather bag made of the entire skin of an animal. Brahmanas. Ritualistic precepts designed for the guidance of the Brahmans, especially in conducting sacrificial ceremonies.

Brahma Somáj.

Literally, the Society of God. A theistical sect founded about one hundred years ago. The doctrine is based upon the Veda, large portions of which are rejected, and borrows something from other religious sources. Budgerow. A heavy sailboat used upon large rivers. It is sometimes towed by the crew, and at others propelled with long sweeps. It contains cabins and a poop deck. The budgerow was much used for river travel before the extension of railroads.

Bulbul. A species of nightingale.

Bungah. A group of buildings arranged round a sacred tank; a palace.

Bungalow. A cottage of one story with thatched roof.

Caftan. A long-sleeved garment, fitting like a vest about the body and secured at the waist with a girdle. A long, loose open surtout is worn over it.

Caste. The many social divisions of the Hindus are so called. Caste is hereditary and generally coincident with occupation. Originally there were four great castes; the present number is incalculable. There are several hundred castes among the Bráhmans alone. A Hindu can never change the caste into which he is born, but he may become an outcast or pariah. He may not marry into any but his own caste, and he may not engage in the particular occupation of another caste. Catamaran. A boat constructed on the principle of a raft and propelled by means of a sail or by oars. It is in use on the coasts of Madras and Ceylon.

Central India. A group of native states of which Gwalior and Indore are the principal.

Central Province. One of the eight divisions of British India. It was formed in 1861 from territory taken from the Northwest Provinces and Madras.

Chadah. A sheet; a shawl; a cloth; the toga-like garment of Hindu men and women.

Chaitya. Among Buddhists a place or object having sacred associa tions; a place of worship; a monument; a tombstone. Chapáti. A thin, flat griddle-cake, made from flour and water without leaven.