Whilst we were there, these sculptures were daily dug out of the earth, and brought once more to view. The search for them was intensely exciting; and, in | the enthusiasm of the moment, our admiration of their art was, perhaps, a little beyond their merits. As each block of marble was uncovered, and the earth carefully brushed away from its surface, the form of some fair amazon, or stricken warrior, of an eastern king, or a besieged castle, became revealed, and gave rise to many a pleasant discussion as to the sculptor's art therein displayed, or the story in the history of the ancient Xanthians therein represented, conversations which all who took part in will ever look back upon as among the most delightful in their lives. Often, after the work of the day was over, and the night had closed in, when we had gathered round the log fire in the comfortable Turkish cottage which formed the headquarters of the party, we were accustomed to sally forth, torch in hand, Charles Fellowes as cicerone, to cast a midnight look of admiration on some spirited battle-scene or headless Venus, which had been the great prize of the morning's work. It We remained three days at Tlos. is a most delightful place. Few ancient sites can vie with it. Built on the summit of a hill of great height, bounded by perpendicular precipices and deep ravines, commanding a view of the entire length of the valley of the Xanthus-the snow-capped Taurus in one distance, the sea in another, the whole mass of Cragus and its towering peaks, and the citadel of Pinara in front, itself immediately overhung by the snowy summits of the Massicytus-a grander site for a great city could hardly have been selected in all Lycia. Pinara has perhaps more majesty, but there is a softness combined with the grandeur of Tlos, giving it a charm which Pinara has not. The Acropolis hill terminates on the north-east, in perpendicular cliffs. These cliffs are honey-combed with rock tombs, some of which are of great beauty. The older tombs are similar to those at Telmessus; but there are others, of an apparently later period, having their chambers excavated in the rock, but with the doorways regularly built. Such tombs have often long Greek inscriptions. The oldest tomb, to all appearance, at Telos, is the largest and most interesting. It 66 enor is a temple tomb, fronted by a pediment, borne on columns of peculiar form and Egyptian aspect, having no carved capitals, and being wider at the base than at the upper part. From such columns the Ionic might have originated, for we can hardly suppose this, apparently the most important and ancient tomb in Tlos, to have been left unfinished. Within the portico is a handsome carved door, with knocker and lock, on each side of which are windows opening into large tombs. On one side of the portico is carved a figure, which we may recognise as Bellerophon, mounted on Pegasus, and galloping up a rocky hill, which may represent Mount Cragus, to encounter an mous leopard sculptured over one of the tomb entrances on the right side of the door. This animal may be a form of chimæra, but presents none of the mythological attributes, and is, in all probability, the representation of a caplan," the leopard which infests the crags of Cragus at the present day. An ornamental flourish appears on the door-side, near the leopard, and is repeated on the corresponding panel on the other side; but there is no animal carved on that panel. On the panels beneath the tomb are carved dogs, and there are also traces of others on the pediment. Pegasus is a Persian horse, having a topknot and knotted tail. A saddle-cloth of ornamental character has been painted on his back. The group of figures appears to have been originally painted. The head-dress of Bellerophon is very peculiar, as also the arrangement of the beard. The eye is rather full, and Greek. There is no inscription on the tomb. A few feet from it, on a level with the pediment, is a Lycian inscription in a panel on the rock, the characters of which are much larger than any we have met with elsewhere. Two other Lycian inscriptions occurred at Tlos; one on a tomb on the opposite hill, and another on one near the base of the Acropolis hill. None of these had been previously noticed. In a field, at some distance, we discovered a quadrangular pedestal, or perhaps top of a tomb, on one side of which is a representation of Tlos itself during a siege. In this curious view, we recognised the disposition of the walls on the Acropolis, and of the more remarkable tombs as they are still to be seen. the other compartments are represented warriors in various positions. Near this D In relic there is a remarkable tomb, a sarcophagus elevated on a towering pinnacle of rock, cut away on all sides, so as to be inaccessible. From this we went to the theatre, which is large and handsome, and of the Greek form. The rows of seats are thirty-four, and near the avenues are ornamented with carved lions' paws. Near the theatre is a great group of remains of Roman buildings, apparently palaces, the arched windows of which are so placed as to command a magnificent view of the valley. Great clusters of ivy gave a rich effect to these ruins, and the "golden henbane was in flower upon their walls." ALAN QUINTIN'S INQUIRIES. I AM not going to inquire about the past or the present, but about the future. I want to ask what are your prospects? You may be very rich, or very poor; very well, or very ill; very happy, or very miserable: but these points I will not dwell upon. If you are rich, well, and happy, and have reason to fear that this state of things will soon be otherwise, you have quite enough to depress you; and if you are poor, ill, and miserable, and have a full expectation of a change for the better, you have quite enough to make you cheerful. What, then, are your prospects? Are you looking forward to fair weather? My advice is, prepare for a storm. Are you calculating on riches? If you get them, you may not be able to keep them. Are you depending on a long life? There is, as it were, but a step between you and death. On the contrary, is your future darkened with doubt and difficulty? Fear not! Why are you cast down, and why is your soul disquieted within you? Hope in God, and you shall yet praise him, and he will be the health of your countenance and your God. What are your prospects? Some are ever hopeful: they have a sunny spirit, always looking on the bright side of things. Others are ever desponding, and seeing nothing but shadows. How is it with you? Is yours the glowing summer or the gloomy winter? Do you gaze on the blue sky, the green tree, the singing bird, the blooming flower, the ruddy fruit and the waving harvest? or on inclement skies, and leafless trees, and mist, and ice, and snow? Speak out! What are your prospects? Quite enough in the world there was of olden times, and there is now, to pull down the proud man. Nebuchadnezzar ate grass as an ox; Belshazzar lost his kingdom and was slain; and Haman, proud Haman, was hung on his own gallows. Quite enough in the world to raise up the humble man, there always was, and there ever will be. David was brought up out of a horrible pit; Daniel was delivered from the den of lions; Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were preserved in the fire; and poor Job, notwithstanding all his afflictions, was blessed more in his latter end than in his beginning. You are not so proud, I suppose, as Haman and the kings of Babylon were. If you are, I hope you will be brought down. Your straits are not like those of David, Daniel, and the rest that I have mentioned; but if they were, God is able to deliver 'you. Believe it or doubt it, this is still a truth-"Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord," Jer. xvii. 7. A man drenched to the skin may have a good fire and warm clothing before him; a man walking in darkness may yet look for the rising of the sun; and a man, while enduring heaviness at night, may yet look for joy in the morning. The hope, the expectation, the belief, the confidence we have that relief is near, brightens the sky, lightens the burden, strengthens the frame, smooths the path, quickens the foot, and animates the heart. Sweet it is, when trudging along a hot and dusty road, to have a prospect of entering the green fields and of walking beside the still waters. What are your prospects for life and for death? for earth and for heaven? These inquiries may set you thinking; they may make you look wider afield ; they may open your eyes to some things you have not noticed, and bring back to your memory others that you may have forgotten; they may throw you upon your resources, they may solemnize your reflections, and lead you to the mercyseat of your heavenly Father. I ask you what are your prospects for two reasons: the one, that if they are good you may gratefully rejoice; the other, that if they are bad you may try to amend them. Who can tell but that you may have fallen into mistakes? You may, even now, be looking in a wrong direction. You may be looking to the freezing north instead of the glowing south; to earth instead of heaven; to man instead of God. You may be regarding your own sins instead of the Saviour's sacrifice, and God's righteous judgments instead of his marvellous mercies. If you are doing this, it is a sad course, a very sad course, robbing God of his glory, and your own soul of hope, peace, and joy. Alter your plan, change your course; look to the rock whence ye are hewn, to the hills whence cometh your help, even to Him who saith, "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest," Matt. xi. 28. What are your prospects? Are they growing darker or getting brighter? Are they worse than they were, or better? Are the black clouds gathering closer around you, or are they gradually dispersing themselves over the distant hills? Do your hopes master your fears, or do your fears gain the ascendancy? I am not speaking of temporal things now, but of eternal things. What are your prospects with regard to that everlasting inheritance prepared for the people of God? Are you going on smoothly, peacefully, pleasantly, hopefully, and confidently? Have you no doubts, and no fears? If this be the case, I have many doubts and fears as to your real, spiritual prosperity. Are you going on doubtingly, tremblingly, and at times almost hopelessly? if so, I have a lively hope of you; for it so often pleases our heavenly Father to try his children, and to draw them to himself through tribulation, that I have more reliance on one who walks softly in his Christian course, taking heed to his steps, and rejoicing with trembling, than I have in one who is ever singing hallelujah. Willingly would I exult with one that rejoices, but still more willingly would I comfort one that mourns. Again I say, What are your prospects? Do you walk more humbly, read God's word more diligently, pray more fervently, and praise God more ardently than in days gone by? Do you see more clearly that you are a sinner, and rely more unreservedly on the atonement for sin, offered up by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ upon the cross? If so, you have a good prospect, and may encourage a good hope of fighting a good fight, finishing your course with joy, and finding the end to be eternal life. All the prospects in the world are nothing when compared to the prospect of heaven. The silver, the gold, and the precious stones, the power, the influence, and the glory of the world are as the dust of the balance, when weighed with the hope of eternal life. With this every prospect is comparatively bright; without it every prospect is beclouded. For the last time, What are your prospects? If they are good, forget not the mercy and goodness that made them so; and if they are bad, and you cannot mend them, away to Him who can. Be in earnest in your application, be urgent with him; for he can give you the desires of your heart, he can improve your prospects: Make plain the rough, the unsightly take away, And turn the darkness to eternal day. THE KINGDOM OF HANOVER. HANOVER, a kingdom of north-west Germany, is situated between lat. 51° 18′ and 53° 52′ north, and long. 6° 43′ and 11° 45' east. It is bounded on the north by the German Ocean and the river Elbe, on the east by Prussia and Brunswick, on the south by Prussia and HesseCassel, and on the west by Holland. Its bounding line is very irregular; a portion on the west is almost divided from the rest of the kingdom by the grand duchy of Oldenburg. It is composed of seven districtsHanover, Hildesheim, Luneburg, Stade, Osnaburg, Aurich, and Clausthal. The most populous of these is Hanover, the capital. The united population of the seven districts, in 1823, according to M'Culloch, amounted to no fewer than 1,434,130; since which date there has been a yearly increase of about 21,000. The kingdom of Hanover occupies a gently-sloping plain from south-east to north-west, which, with the exception of a few eminences, exhibits no elevation higher than two hundred feet above the sea. Its geological formation is granite, covered with grauwacke slate and clay slate; in the latter of which are found valuable minerals. Above these strata lie the floetz and tertiary formations. The great plain of the north, excepting a few limestone hills in Luneburg and Stade, is of diluvial formation, and consists either of immense tracts of sand, whose surface is thickly covered with furze, or of extensive moors and marsh-lands. The heath of Luneburg comprises about a sixth of the kingdom, in which are often found granite boulders of extraordinary size. There are also peat-moors, of which the largest is Bourtangour on the Ems, and Hoch moor, in east Friesland. The lowlands are below the sea level, and similarly to those of Holland and the Bedford level, are kept dry by means of drainage, which involves a large amount of expenditure-several thousand dollars yearly. These lands, however, being the most productive in the kingdom, it is deemed but an inconsiderable sum. Near to the Hartz Mountains, a gigantic figure has, from time immemorial, occasionally appeared in the heavens. It is indistinct, but always resembles the form of a human being. Its appearance has ever been considered a certain indication of approaching misfortune. It is called the Spectre of the Brocken (the name of the hill). It has been seen by many travel·lers. In speaking of it, Mr. Jordan says, "In the course of my repeated tours through the Hartz Mountains, I often, but in vain, ascended the Brocken, that I might see the spectre. At length, on a serene morning, as the sun was just appearing above the horizon, it stood before me, at a great distance, towards the opposite mountain. It seemed to be the gigantic figure of a man. It vanished in a moment.' In September, 1796, the celebrated Abbe Hauy visited this country. He says: "After having ascended the mountain for thirty times, I at last saw the spectre. It was just at sunrise in the middle of the month of May, about four o'clock in the morning. I saw distinctly a human figure of a monstrous size. The atmosphere was quite serene towards the east. In the south-west a high wind carried before it some light vapours which were scarcely condensed into clouds, and hung round the mountain upon which the figure stood. I bowed: the colossal figure repeated it. I paid my respects a second time, which was returned with the same civility. I then called the landlord of the inn, and having taken the same position which I had occupied before, we looked towards the mountain, when we clearly saw two such colossal figures, which, after having repeated our compliment, by bending their bodies vanished." All these phenomena proceed from one common cause. When the atmospheric fluid is throughout of equal density, the rays of light pass without obstruction or alteration in their shape or direction: but when they enter from a rarer into a denser medium, they are refracted or bent out of their course; and this with greater or less effect, according to the different degrees of density in the media, or the deviation of the ray from the perpendicular. If the second medium be very dense in proportion to the first, the ray will be both refracted and reflected; and the object from which it proceeds will assume a variety of grotesque and extraordinary shapes, and it will sometimes appear as in a reflection from a concave mirror, dilated in size and changed in situation. The kingdom of Hanover might with propriety be called the country of rivers, a well-watered garden "like the garden of the Lord." The magnificent Elbe, which rises in the plateau of Bohemia, and enters Hanover at Schnakenburg, forming, with a slight exception, its whole north boundary, as far as its mouth; its affluents, within Hanover, the Jetze, Ilmenau, Este, and Oste, on the south bank. The Weser, formed by the junction of the Werra and Fulda at Munden, which flows north-west as far as the junction of the Aller; its tributary the Leine, and thence north, past Bremen into the German ocean: the Ems, which rises in Westphalia, and flows north through the moorlands of Mappen and East Friesland to Emden, at its mouth and throughout the flats of north Germany there are innumerable lakes and pools, which in winter and spring extensively cover the country. Steinlindermeer in Hanover is five miles long and two and a half broad, beside Dummer-see and Seeburgee. The subterranean lake of Jordan in East Friesland is so thickly covered with vegetation that it supports the weight of large wagons passing over it. There is also the mountain lake Oderteich, in the Hartz, which is 2,200 feet above the level of the sea. Surely there is water enough to irrigate any country; but of districts unsusceptible of agricultural improvement it might be said as of mental culture: "Tilling the brain is useless toil, Certain it is, whatever may be the high quality of that portion of the kingdom which is cultivated, there is much waste land wholly unavailable for tillage; vast sandy tracts, which extend like a band across the kingdom, giving rise to the term "the Arabia of Germany." These tracts for the most part are covered with heath, which, especially when in blossom, presents a wild and beautiful appearance, spotted over as they are with a multitude of small but hardy breed of sheep, called, “Staidschnucken," which seem to enjoy their pleasant, though scanty fare. The flesh of these little creatures is considered of very excellent flavour; the pureness of the air, and the freshness of the vegetation making up for their smallness. Their wool is of the very coarsest description. The richest land of the kingdom is the alluvial soil and weald-clay of the Hadelnland, at the mouth of the Elbe, and of East Friesland at the mouth of the Weser. It is taxed as belonging to the first class. The secondary classes are those of the limestone districts of Hildesheim, Göttingen, Grubenhagen, Bremen, and Werden. The lowest class is that of the duchy of Aremberg Meppen. Much of this, however, is laid out in meadow land, especially the rich soil of East Friesland. The climate in the low country about the coast is very unhealthy, but the winter is less severe than in the interior, where it usually sets in so early as September, and continues with but little mitigation till May. The spring, on account of the prevalence of easterly and north-easterly winds, is deemed the dullest part of the year. What of summer is known is blest with the balmy south-west wind. The rain that falls in Hanover during the year is said to average 23·5 inches; but it is very unequal in different parts of the kingdom. Fogs are prevalent in the dyke-lands, and violent storms frequently occur in winter, which cause great damage to the embankment and drainage. On account of the quality of the greater portion of the soil, much labour is requisite to make it even moderately profitable to the proprietor. This, however, is but rarely met with, owing to the smallness of the estates into which the land is divided. It has been calculated that at least three-fifths of it is possessed by small proprietors, whose average property is only twelve acres; and that one-fifth only belongs to those whose capital is adequate to scientific cultivation. The crown and nobility hold the best cultivated lands, and on them is bestowed all that art, labour, and science can effect for their improvement. The best farms of the small proprietors are in the marsh lands, and these yield rich and abundant crops, and supply sustenance to a multitude of cattle. Next in order as respects tillage, are the freeholds in the principalities of Hildesheim, Göttingen, Grubenhagen, part of Halemberg, and those near the large towns. There is a singular custom in this country of parcelling the land out into a certain number of fields, in proportion to the number of the owner's cattle, and his consequent power of keeping the land properly dressed. The small proprietors of sandy districts, and the stewards of the nobles' estates and crown lands adhere to the old plan of three courses,-fallow winter corn, chiefly rye ; summer corn, barley or oats, with clover on the fallow, when the land will bear it. Rye is generally used for bread, the quantity of wheat being insufficient, on account of the scarcity of rich soil. Of barley and oats there is usually an abundance, and when in demand, is largely exported to England. Clover and lucern are prolific articles on good farms. nips, flax, hemp, tobacco, and hops are also very generally cultivated. Potatoes are universally grown, and form the principal sustenance of the poorer classes. Tur The most remarkable feature of the country is its forests of beech and oak trees. The forest lands are said to equal in amount 1,400,000 English acres, and to yield annually 51,848,000 cubic feet of timber, exclusive of inferior wood. In the Hartz districts the timber is of fir; and in Kalenberg, the duchy of Bremen, and the Upper Weser, large beech and oak forests are found; they are, however, notwithstanding their abundance, even those which are private property, always entrusted to the care of men regularly educated for their management, and are moreover licensed for the purpose. How vividly is brought before the mind that beautiful passage in the Psalms: "Every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills." The more prominent branches of industry among the Hanoverians are cattlebreeding and mining; the former is assiduously followed in almost every province of the kingdom. But industry, valuable and indispensable as it may be, in order to success, is of comparatively little use alone; there must be a knowledge also of the work we undertake, in order to achieve the object desired. It is thus in the case before us; grazing being but imperfectly understood, the efforts of these men prove unavailable to the produce which their industry deserves. horses of East Friesland are the most The |