The Master said to Jan Yu': "Canst thou not stop this?” He answered: "I cannot."

"Alas!" said the Master; "dost thou set Mount T'ai below Lin Fang?"

[7] The Master said: "A gentleman has no rivalriesexcept perhaps in archery; and then, as bowing he joins the winners, or steps down to see the loser drink, throughout the struggle he is still the gentleman."

[8] Tzu-hsia asked: "What is the meaning of:

'Her cunning smiles,

Her dimples light,
Her lovely eyes,
So clear and bright,
The ground, not yet

With colours dight'?

The Master said: "Colouring follows groundwork." "Then does courtesy follow after?" said Tzu-hsia. "Shang," said the Master, "thou hast hit my meaning! Now I can talk of poetry to thee."

[9] The Master said: "I can speak of the manners of Hsia; but for Chi witnesses fail. I can speak of the manners of Yin; but for Sung witnesses fail. This is due to their dearth of books and great men. Were there enough of these, they would witness for me."

[10] The Master said: "After the drink offering at the Great Sacrifice, I have no wish to see more."

[11] One asked about the words of the Great Sacrifice. The Master said: “I do not understand them. Could one understand them, he would overlook the world as I this "— and he pointed to his palm.

[12] Worship as though those ye worship stood before you; worship the spirits, as though they stood before you. The Master said: "If I take no part in the sacrifice, it is none to me."

[13] Wang-sun Chia said: "What is the meaning of 'it is better to court the Kitchen God than the God of the Home'?"

Tzu-hsia.

A disciple, in the service of the Chi. Wang-sun Chia was minister of Wei, and more influential than his master. The Kitchen God is less honourable than the God of the Home (the Roman lares), but since he sees all that goes on in the house, and ascends to Heaven at the end of the year to report what has happened, it is well to be on good terms with him.

"Not at all," said the Master. "A sin against Heaven is past praying for."

[14] The Master said: "Two lines of kings have passed beneath the ken of Chou. How rich in art is Chou! It is Chou I follow."

[15] On entering the Great Temple, the Master asked how each thing was done.

One said: "Who says that the man of Tsou's son has a knowledge of ceremony? On entering the Great Temple, he asked how each thing was done!

On hearing this, the Master said: "Such is the ceremony."

[16] The Master said: "To pierce through the target does not score in archery; because men differ in strength, This was the old rule."

[17] Tzu-kung wished to do away with the sheep offering at the new moon.

The Master said: "Thou lovest the sheep, Tz'u: I love the rite."

[18] The Master said: "Treat the king with all courtesy, men call it fawning."

[19] Duke Ting asked how a king should behave to his ministers; how ministers should serve their king?

Confucius answered: "A king should behave with courtesy to his ministers; ministers should serve their king faithfully."

[20] The Master said: "The poem 'The Osprey' is glad, but not wanton; it is sad, but not morbid."

[21] Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo' about the shrines of the guardian spirits.

Tsai Wo answered: "The Hsia Emperors grew firs round them; the men of Yin grew cypress; the men of Chou grew chestnut, meaning 'jest not over holy matters.'"'

On hearing this, the Master said: "I do not speak of what is ended, chide what is settled, or find fault with what is past."

A disciple of Confucius.

Literally" to cause the people to be in awe." The commentators are more than usually learned over the Master's anger. I attribute it to the foolishness of the pun, and translate accordingly.

66

[22] The Master said: "How shallow was Kuan Chung!" 66 But," said one, was not Kuan Chung thrifty?" "Kuan owned San Kuei, and in his household none doubled offices," said the Master; "was that thrift?"

At least Kuan Chung was versed in courtesy."

The Master said: "Kings screen their gates with trees; Kuan, too, had trees to screen his gate. When two kings make merry together, they have a stand for the turned-down cups; Kuan had a turned-down cup-stand too! If Kuan were versed in courtesy, who is not versed in courtesy?"

[23] The Master said to the chief musician of Lu: "How to play music may be known. At first each part in unison; then, a swell of harmony, each part distinct, rolling on to the finish."

[24] The warden of Yi asked to see Confucius, saying: "No gentleman has ever come here, whom I have failed to see."

The followers presented him.

On leaving he said: "My lads, why lament your fall? The world has long been astray. Heaven will make of the Master a warning bell."

[25] The Master said: "All beautiful and noble is the music of Shao! The music of Wu is as beautiful, but less noble."

[26] The Master said: "Rank without bounty; ritual without reverence; mourning without grief, why should I cast them a glance?"

IV

[1] THE Master said: "Love makes a spot beautiful: who chooses not to dwell in love, has he got wisdom?"

[2] The Master said: "Loveless men cannot bear need long, they cannot bear fortune long. Loving hearts find peace in love; clever heads find profit in it."

[3] The Master said: "Love can alone love others, or hate others."

Kuan Chung (+B.C. 645), a famous man in his day, was chief minister to the Duke of Ch'i, whom he raised to such wealth and power, that he became the leading prince of the empire. His chief merit lay in crushing the barbarous frontier tribes. The rest of his work, being founded in the sand, died with him.

[4] The Master said: "A heart set on love will do no wrong."

[5] The Master said: "Wealth and honours are what men desire; but abide not in them by help of wrong. Lowliness and want are hated of men; but forsake them not by help of wrong.

"Shorn of love, is a gentleman worthy the name? Not for one moment may a gentleman sin against love; not in flurry and haste, nor yet in utter overthrow."

[6] The Master said: "A friend to love, a foe to evil, I have yet to meet. A friend to love will set nothing higher. In love's service, a foe to evil will let no evil touch him. Were a man to give himself to love, but for one day, I have seen no one whose strength would fail him. Such men there may be, but I have not seen one."

[7] The Master said: "A man and his faults are of a piece. By watching his faults we learn whether love be his." [8] The Master said: "To learn the truth at daybreak and die at eve were enough."

[9] The Master said: "A scholar in search of truth who is ashamed of poor clothes and poor food it is idle talking to."

[10] The Master said: "A gentleman has no likes and no dislikes below heaven. He follows right."

[11] The Master said: "Gentlemen cherish worth; the vulgar cherish dirt. Gentlemen trust in justice; the vulgar trust in favour."

[12] The Master said: "The chase of gain is rich in hate." [13] The Master said: "What is it to sway a kingdom by courteous yielding? Who cannot by courteous yielding sway a kingdom, what can he know of courtesy?"

[14] The Master said: "Be not concerned at want of place; be concerned that thou stand thyself. Sorrow not at being unknown, but seek to be worthy of note."

[15] The Master said: "One thread, Shen,' runs through all my teaching."

"Yes," said Tseng-tzu.

After the Master had left, the disciples asked what was

meant.

1 The disciple Tseng-tzu.

Tseng-tzu said: "The Master's teaching all hangs on faithfulness and fellow-feeling."

[16] The Master said: "A gentleman considers what is right; the vulgar consider what will pay."

[17] The Master said: "At sight of worth, think to grow like it. When evil meets thee, search thine own heart."

[18] The Master said: "A father or mother may be gently chidden. If they will not bend, be the more lowly, but persevere; nor murmur if trouble follow."

[19] The Master said: "Whilst thy father and mother live, do not wander afar. If thou must travel, hold a set course."

[20] The Master said: "If for three years a son do not forsake his father's ways, he may be called dutiful."

[21] The Master said: "A father's and a mother's age must be borne in mind; with joy on the one hand, fear on the other."

[22] The Master said: "Men of old were loth to speak; lest a word that they could not make good should shame them."

[23] The Master said: "Who contains himself goes seldom wrong."

[24] The Master said: "A gentleman wishes to be slow to speak and quick to act."

[25] The Master said: "Good is no hermit. It has ever neighbours."

[26] Tzu-yu said: "Preaching to princes brings disgrace, nagging at friends estrangement."

V

[1] Or Kung-yeh Ch'ang the Master said: "A girl might marry him. In him was no crime, though he has been in bonds."

He gave him his daughter to wife.

Of Nan Jung the Master said: "When right prevails, he will not be neglected: when wrong prevails, he will escape law and punishment."

He gave him his brother's daughter to wife.