545 New South Wales.-Compressibility of Water. certain the nature of his disorder, and cause of his death. I therefore requested the surgeon to open the body; which he kindly did. On opening it, the surgeon found the right lobe of the lungs decayed, and the heart very much enlarged. It was this gentleman's opinion, that the enlargement of his heart was the cause of his death." Mayree learned to write while he continued in England, which was only about six months. The following is a copy of a short Letter he sent to a friend, a day or two before the ship sailed.— "To my friends, "All very kind-Mr. Cowell very kind—Mrs. Cowell very kind indeed. Little John very good; Mayree very sorry; me too much cry. Mr. Cowell make a preach last night, and go to bed and no cry. Mr. Cowell come this morning, and say, Mayree, how be you? Mayree say, Very well, and no cry. Mayree make a write to Mrs. Cowell's brother. Poor Mayree much like John-he make a pray for me. Good by me. See you no more. "MAYREE.' MR. EDITOR. SIR, I here send you an extract of a letter from Sydney, New South Wales, addressed to myself, dated Aug. 31, 1820. SAMUEL LEIGH, Missionary. London, Feb. 28, 1821. "Six weeks after you sailed, two Romish priests arrived, with the sanction of government. They have large congregations, and are going to build a chapel. They meet in the courtroom. May 19, Mr. and Mrs. Carvosso arrived, and were sorry that affliction had compelled you to leave the colony before they came. Mrs. Carvosso is a person of deep piety, and much devoted to the mission work. They are gone to Windsor to live. We are sorry for it; but as they are willing to be any where or any thing, if the Lord will bless their labours, we did not think it our duty to interfere. They are much loved and respected. "May 28, a meeting was held in our chapel for the formation of a Bible Association. July 5, a meeting was held for the formation of a Wesleyan Missionary Society. Surely these are the beginning of good days. The seed which you have sown is growing up: 546 I trust we shall have a fruitful harvest. I am happy to inform you, that our congregations, Sunday schools, and societies, are on the increase. Mr. Lowry will give you a particular account of the work of God in this place. "Last month there were twelve men under sentence of death. Mr. and Mrs. Carvosso visited them, and gave them bibles and tracts; but when the priest went to see the six which were Roman Catholics, he took the bibles and tracts, and threw them out of the cell, and said, if they read such books he would not hear their confessions. Three of the other went to the Dervent to suffer. We have no hopes of their salvation: but the three who suffered here, we have reason to believe, repented and found mercy. The morning in which they suffered, they went into every cell, and exhorted the people to repent, and believe in Christ. At the place of execution, each man delivered a very affecting speech, and begged the thousands who surrounded them, to attend to the missionaries, to whom they owed under God the salvation of their souls. After they had sung a verse of a hymn, the drop fell, and they were launched into eternity." ON THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF WATER. IN the first volume of the Imperial Magazine, col. 1009, an article appeared, describing various experiments on the pressure of the ocean. Similar experiments have since been made, by Mr. Jacob Perkin, on his passage from America to this country, and published in the last number of the Philosophical Transactions, in a paper entitled the "Compressibility of Water." This article has been handed to us by a correspondent who calls himself Selector. "A strong empty porter bottle was sunk to the depth of 150 fathoms, having first lightly corked and sealed it in the following manner. Six coverings of cotton cloth, saturated with a composition of sealing wax and tar, were strongly fastened over the cork by a cord wound round them, directly under the projection at the neck of the bottle. After the bottle had been suffered to remain at the depth above mentioned a few ninutes, it was drawn up. No water was found to have been forced into it, 547 Compressibility of Water.-Mutual Affection. 548 neither was there any visible change | expansion of the water, upon being at the mouth. drawn towards the surface, as was the case in the former experiment. It is worthy of remark, that when the water from this bottle was poured into a tumbler, it effervesced like mineral water. 'The same bottle was again sunk at the increased depth of 220 fathoms: when drawn in, it was found to contain about a gill of water, but not the slightest visible change had taken place in the sealing. "The same bottle was now sunk, for the third time, to the still greater depth of 300 fathoms; and when drawn up, only a small part of the neck was found attached to the line. Its appearance was truly interesting. The bottle was not broken by external pressure, but evidently by the expansion of the condensed sea-water, which had found its way through the scaling. Upon examination, it was found the cork had been compressed into half its length, making folds of about one-eighth of an inch; and that the coverings, consisting of six layers of cloth and cement, had been torn up on one side before the bottle burst. The effect produced upon the cork cannot, we imagine, be accounted for but in one way, viz. that the water, divided into very minute particles, must, by the surrounding pressure of the water, have been forced through the coverings, and filled the bottle; that the water thus forced in, and condensed to a great degree, expanded as the pressure was removed by drawing towards the surface, not only so as to press the cork back into the neck, and, owing to the resistance of the coverings, compress it half its size, but to separate the neck from the body of the bottle. 66 "Experiment 5. In this experiment two strong bottles were sunk to the depth of 500 fathoms; one of them was stopped with a ground glass stopper, and well cemented, then placed in a strong canvass bag: when the bag was drawn in, it was found that the bottle had been crushed into many thousand pieces. The other bottle was very tightly corked, but not having been left down a sufficient length of time, it came up whole, filled to within one and a half inch: the cork had been driven in and remained so; but the cementation was unaltered, excepting at the surface, where it had become a little concave." MR. EDITOR. SIR,-With your permission, I again intrude on the notice of your readers, for the purpose of defending that which I have asserted in" An Answer to a Query on Mutual Affections," from the criticism of a correspondent signing M. number 27. col. 462. I am accused by him, not only of asserting improbabilities in the abovementioned answer, but of implying an absolute contradiction in one part, to a proposition which I have endeavoured to substantiate in another.— I now request the candid and impartial reader to be my judge; should he also consider my opinion as a mass of absurdity, I must rest content, though every feeling of contempt should be roused against the ignorance which prompted me to a defence of a train of inconsistencies. Experiment 4. An empty porter bottle, the shortest that could be found, was stopped in the following manner. A cork with a large head was firmly driven into the neck; it was then covered with six layers of fine linen, saturated with a composition of tar and wax, over them was applied a covering of leather, and all perfectly secured by being well bound at the neck. The bottle thus prepared was sunk 270 fathoms. When drawn in, it was found perfectly sound, and the sealing unchanged; but filled with M. after a recital of my remarks, water to within an inch of the cork. (number 26. col. 350.) adds;-" Such The coverings were taken off, layer an opinion, I am persuaded, will, upon after layer, but no signs of moisture investigation, be as absolutely refuted were visible. Had the bottle remain- as decidedly insisted upon," meaning ed down a sufficient length of time to (as I should suppose) to say, that have completely filled, it would un-after excluding mutual affection from doubtedly have been broken by the eternity, I contradictorily assert, as 549 Mutual Affection.― Education. 550 my opinion, that the joys of futurity | mental perception is evident; yet my will have an intimate dependence on argument is in no danger of suffering it. That my concise remarks will ad- by it. He says, "If individual affecmit of a construction being put on tion merges for ever after death, all them, sufficiently different to obviate perception must die with it." I anthe objections he has raised, it is my swer, Certainly it must: instead, howintention in the next place to prove; ever, of consigning the noble faculty in order to which it will be necessary of perception to the shades of oblifor me to return to the words of our vion, I would rather consider it as querist, (number 23. col. 100.) which the embryo of that exalted perception, inquire; whether it be probable, which, when eternity shall burst upon that mutual affections particularly esta- our view, will enable us to perceive blished between kindred spirits in time, amidst the myriads of the blest, no will be perpetuated in eternity?" It spirit that will not be equally entitled is almost unnecessary for me to re- to our heavenly love-that perception mark, that affections established in which will prove to us we have but time, must be the affections of time; "one Father, which is in heaven;" the affections mentioned in the query, which will prove all those to be our are the affections of time, and I can- brethren, who, during their trial here, not reconcile the idea of their being “with the spirit of understanding, the affections of eternity. In my an- heard the word of God and kept it.” swer, I assert, that "mutual affections, and the kindred affinity of spirits, are mere relative modes," &c. | consistent only with time:" and conclude by saying, that," that affection therefore which subsisted in time, will not be perpetuated in eternity.' It is evident, that my meaning is not to exclude all mutual affections from immortality, but only those established in time; for of the affections to which I have denied an existence hereafter, I have given a definition, and have asserted with what they are consistent; but can this definition, and this assertion of consistency, apply to “an infinitely enlarged system of reciprocal love," or mutual affection? Surely not; though I may be able to circumscribe the bounds of a temporary affection; the like task, when such an affection shall have been infinitely enlarged, would defy every effort of human intellect, and finite reason. Infinity cannot be conceived; how then can it be defined? I consider a contradictory argument to consist in the assertion and denial of the same thing. Mutual affection, and "an infinitely enlarged system of reciprocal love," are not synonymous terms. Consequently, though the same argument should contain a denial of the one, and equally insist on the existence of the other, no contradiction could possibly be implied. This dissipated mist is the unsubstantial foundation, upon which your correspondent M. has raised the structure of his reason. The justice of his observation on And now, after apologizing for the trespass which I have committed on those pages which are ever wont to be better adorned; and expressing my determination to controvert no longer a subject which must inevitably terminate in mere conjecture, I shall conclude, with the most perfect good-will towards your correspondent M. this feeble effort of my pen; presuming, however, to add, that what I have advanced is my firm opinion; and, until arguments be adduced, as far superior in force to those which have already appeared against me, as the blaze of day is superior to the taper flame of night, I shall consider such opinion consistent with the justice of the Deity; capable of silencing the cavils of the pedant: and I shall look forward to the consummation of things, as the period when angels will attest it with their lips, as the rising blest, reclining on the ambient air, enter the mansions of eternal joy. May 6th, 1821, Priestgate, Peterborough. ON EDUCATION. T. R. THERE are few subjects upon which more treatises have been written than on Education, and to some of which the greatest deference is due; but yet when I consider the great importance of education, I think it will be a sufficient apology for my offering a few thoughts upon that interesting subject. The persons to whom I particularly address myself, are those who we may 551 Education.-Church of St. Botolph. 552 suppose are capable of affording what | rose to great eminence, and became is called a liberal education. Education is the improving and cultivating of our minds, and the polishing and refining of our manners by learning. I do not pretend to give a routine of studies. I leave this to some more competent head; but the following studies I think I may safely recommend as steps towards the Temple of Knowledge. Nothing is more practically useful than English Grammar; for without it we can neither speak nor write our own language with any degree of propriety. I have known a public speaker, from being ignorant of this, however original his ideas might have been, or what argument soever he might have used to support his ideas, who was scarcely noticed by the intelligent part of his congregation; and the good which might otherwise have been very extensive, was confined within a very narrow compass.-Next to this I may recommend Geography, which is necessary both in private and active life. A knowledge of the Classics, at least Latin, if not Greek. Though these are not absolutely necessary, they improve and strengthen the mind; and as this is of importance, I strongly recommend the study of them to every one who wishes to acquire a liberal education. A thorough acquaintance both with ancient and modern History, I deem indispensable; for here we have not only the simple history of the actions of men, but all their different passions delineated; in short, we have man copied; and it will enable us to form our own judgments upon the different transactions of our own time. To be well acquainted with these things will certainly require some trouble and pains, but by plentifully implanting in our minds the seeds of knowledge, what an ample harvest shall we reap! It will qualify us to fill any station in life in which we may be placed; it will enable us to become valuable members of society, and to enjoy all the pleasures and happiness of a rational and cultivated mind. Sapiens and Stultus were brothers, -apparently with the same advantages. Sapiens applied himself to learning, and well improved every moment of his time: Stultus wasted his time in trifles and folly.-Sapiens of importance to his country: Stultus remained in his first station, unnoticed, and almost unknown. I shall conclude with a saying of Socrates,— "Learning is an ornament in prosperity, and refuge in adversity; those who give their children a good education, furnish them with the means of making them both virtuous and happy." J. K. MR. EDITOR. SIR,-By the request of 36 Housekeepers of Bishopsgate parish, I send you an account of the parish church. I should be much obliged to you to place it in the Imperial Magazine as soon as convenient; the above being subscribers to this work. I am, &c. April 14, 1821. I. BURGESS. A. M. Account of the Parish Church of Saint Botolph, Bishopsgate. The church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, is situated on the west side of Bishopsgate-street, a little beyond the spot where the gate formerly stood. The ancient church of this parish, was a mean building of brick and stone, with a square tower and a turret. It escaped the ravages of the great fire in 1666, but was soon after found to be so much dilapidated, that in the year 1723 it was declared by the parishioners to be in a state beyond reparation, and they accordingly applied a third time to parliament on the subject of a bill to rebuild it. The An act being obtained for this purpose the following year, the present handsome structure was erected, from a design by Mr. J. Gold, and it was consecrated in the year 1728. The body of the church is of red brick upon a stone basement, and is strengthened and ornamented with stone coignes, cornices, and window frames. interior is handsome and well arranged; the roof is supported by pillars, which rise from the floor, and sustain the gallery. Contrary to the old absurd rule, of placing the steeple at the west end of the church, however disadvantageously from the situation of the building, that ornament rises at the east end of the church, which is next the street, and here it is seen in a very favourable point of view. The church has a stone frontispiece of the Doric order, with a pedi 553 Death of Mr. Thomas Treffry.-Poetry. ment and balustrade, from which rises the steeple, which is in a very good taste; the tower of which is ornamented at the angles with cherubim, at the top with vases, and at the sides with pilasters of the Ionic order. Over this is a circular gallery, from within which, the steeple rises, in a round form, ornamented with composite pillars, and bearing vases. Here the upper gradation takes place, which has oval perforations, and is crowned at the subend with an urn. Over the stairs at the north-east corner of the church is a large painting, which was removed from the old church, being the picture of King Charles the First, in his royal robes, at his devotions, with his right hand on his breast, and his left holding a crown of thorns. The pious monarch has an open book before him, in which is written In verbo tuo spes mea. Among the monuments in this church is one to the memory of Sir Paul Pinder, knight, one to that of the Rev. Dr. Grigman, another to that of Dr. Conybear, and one to J. G. Rose. In April 1815, the Rev. William Conybear, D. D. rector, died, and was succeeded by the Right Rev. Dr. Mant, now Lord Bishop of Killala. In January 1821, the church underwent a thorough repair; the lights were placed in the ceiling, and the building was lighted with gas. The present rector is the Rev. C. J. Blomfield, D.D. F. R. S. Among the Charities in this parish, the following are very beneficial :the Charity Schools;-the National Schools; the Benevolent Society;the Bible Association; the Tract Society;—and, the Association for the Poor. DEATH OF MR. THOMAS TREFFRY, OF We have lately received an account No. 28.-VOL. III. 554 Truro, April 23, 1821. "MR. EDITOR. SIR,-I am sorry to inform you, that this morning I had the painful opportunity of attending the funeral of that learned and amiable young man, Mr. Thomas Treffry, who is called, in the Imperial Magazine, "The Moralizer." He is the eldest son of the Rev. Mr. R. Treffry, of the Methodist connection, superintendent preacher of the Truro circuit. "A few months ago, the Rev. Mr. Hart, Independent minister, who kept a classical school at Falmouth, removing from that town to another, Mr. Thomas Treffry became his successor; and, no doubt, he was perfectly competent to his arduous task. Prior to this, he had become acquainted with the Rev. C. Cardew, D. D. of the parish of St. Erme in Cornwall. By this learned church minister he was highly recommended, as possessing much classical knowledge, and as being every way qualified for his undertak ing. He was a most agreeable young man; unaffected in his manners, and of an amiable disposition. By all to whom he was known, he was highly esteemed and respected. This valuable youth was seized with an inflammation in his bowels; and in a very few days it pleased the great Author of our existence to take him from time into eternity, before he arrived at the age of nineteen. "But in the midst of their afflictions, it affords one great consolation both to his parents and friends, to reflect that he was brought to the knowledge of the truth as it is in Jesus Christ, and was therefore prepared for the awful event which has taken place. We need not entertain a doubt that he is safely admitted into eternal glory. I am, Sir, your's, &c. 66 Poetry. ADDRESS J. STEPHENS," Composed by a Teacher, and spoken by a Boy of Orange-street Sunday School, London, at an annual public examination. TO THE FRIENDS OF THE INSTITUTION. So much, kind Friends! indebted as we are And, thus instructed, bids us honour you. |