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begehrt mit Geistern zu streiten ein neuer Frevel gegen die heilige Scheu. Eine einzige Berührung des Geistes lähmt sie. Mehr wollt' ich dadurch nicht ausdrücken noch motiviren. Am Ende ist doch der ganze Handel mit dieser Verliebung, woran sich so viele ärgern, nur eine Prüfung. Nur die geprüfte Tugend man erkundige sich nach jenem päpstlichen Process von einer Heiligsprechung erhält die kanonisirende Palme.'

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BRAUT VON MESSINA.-Letter to Körner, March 28th, 1803.

'Vor neun Tagen ist die Braut von Messina hier zum ersten Mal gegeben und vorgestern wiederholt worden. Der Eindruck war bedeutend und ungewöhnlich stark; auch imponirte es dem jüngern Theil des Publikums so sehr, dass man mir nach dem Stück am Schauspielhaus ein Vivat brachte, welches man sich sonst hier noch niemals herausnahm. Ueber den Chor und das vorwaltend Lyrische sind die Stimmen natürlich sehr getheilt, da noch ein grosser Theil des ganzen deutschen Publikums seine prosaischen Begriffe von dem Natürlichen in einem Dichterwerk nicht ablegen kann. Was mich selbst betrifft, so kann ich wohl sagen, dass ich in der Vorstellung der Braut von Messina zum ersten Mal den Eindruck einer wahren Tragödie bekam. Der Chor hielt das Ganze trefflich zusammen, und ein hoher, furchtbarer Ernst waltete durch die ganze Handlung. Göthe ist es auch so ergangen; er meint, der theatralische Boden wäre durch diese Erscheinung zu etwas Höherem eingeweiht worden.'

WILHELM TELL.-Letter to Humboldt.

'18. August 1803-Wilhelm Tell ist jetzt, was mich beschäftigt, aber dieser Stoff ist sehr widerstrebend und kostet mir grosse Mühe; da er aber sonst grossen Reiz hat und sich durch seine Volksmässigkeit so sehr zum Theater empfiehlt, so lasse ich mir die Arbeit nicht verdriessen, ihn endlich noch zu überwältigen.' ‘An Körner, 12. Sept.-Dass meine Arbeit es ist, die mich am Schreiben gehindert, hast du wohl errathen, aber deswegen ist noch nicht viel zu Tage gefördert worden, weil ich leider mit einem verwünschten Stoff zu kämpfen habe, der mich bald anzieht, bald abstösst. Es ist der Tell, an dem ich arbeite, und ich bitte dich, wenn du mir einige gute Schriften über die Schweiz weisst, sie mir zu nennen. Ich bin genöthigt viel darüber zu lesen, weil das Lokale an diesem Stoff so viel bedeutet, und ich möchte gerne so viel möglich örtliche Motive nehmen. Wenn mir die Götter günstig sind, das auszuführen, was ich im Kopf habe, so soll es ein mächtiges Ding werden, und die Bühnen von Deutschland erschüttern.'-'7. Nov.-Ich bin jetzt ziemlich in meinem Stück und weiss darum von der übrigen Welt wenig. Es ist von der Idee zur Erfüllung ein solcher Hyatus, dass man wie eine arme Seele im Fegefeuer leidet, bis man den Berg überstiegen hat.' —‘4. Januar 1808.—Mein Stück nimmt mir den ganzen Kopf ein, und nun führt mir der Dämon noch die französische Philosophie (Fr. v. Staël) hierher, die unter allen lebendigen Wesen, die mir noch vorgekommen, das beweglichste, streitfertigste und redseligste ist.'

CONCLUDING REMARKS.

Ar the very time when Germany's most gifted sons, of whose genius I have been endeavouring to give a few sketches, were laying the foundations of their own imperishable monuments, great political events had taken place in France. Germany heard the raging thunder, and saw the lurid flash from the distance; the reverberation startled at first even our Professors; but they soon resumed that placid, prosy equilibrium, apparently so congenial to our Teutonic nature.

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We again began to cultivate philosophy, the Veilchen,' music, and singing; for though of a somewhat tearful disposition, we always, under any circumstances, manage to sing. But, to be just, we did something; we created the theories, by which other nations profited practically; and that is some consolation to a disinterested people like ourselves.

Kant's new tenets, enthusiastically interpreted by that first-rate critical periodical, the 'Jena Literary Gazette,' had reacted on many a kindred mind throughout Germany. But there is no finality in mental affairs. Ideas generate ideas, and metaphysics are, above all, imbued with an antidotal character. It should be so, the mind should remain unfettered; and, if abandoning its sphere, if soaring beyond the finite, it is sure to be arrested by that eternal boundary which Providence has wisely placed between himself and the presumption of Man.

Kant, in his tenets, had aimed at producing a union between philosophy and science. His followers endeavoured to invest metaphysics with a poetical garb, and give it an ideal, romantic form. They pointed out a figure standing on a lofty pedestal, erected on a foreign soil, a halo encircling its mighty brow, but darkness and gloom surrounding it. Here is the sphere,' they exclaimed, 'associated with everything lofty, hallowed by time, and impressed

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by tradition into the human heart!' They set to work, resuscitated chivalry, that beautiful age of heroism, love, devotion, and made us again behold the steel-clad knights of the past on their prancing chargers, and the graceful figures of lovely dames inciting their swains to the accomplishing of lofty deeds. We were led to the solitude of primeval, sacred forests, where among dark green leaves, we discovered by the tinted twilight, beautiful goldenhaired fairies, issuing from the wild-flowers of their solitary abode. We saw:

"Die zarten Blüthen keimen,

Und wie aus sich selbst erwachen
So wie Kinder aus den Träumen
Uns entgegen lieblich lachen."

Of all those scenes, so well depicted by the writers of the school, called Romantic, of their followers and antagonists, of that host of classical and contemporaneous writers, whatever be the branch of literature in which they distinguished themselves, I shall, if spared, speak in the second and last portion of my 'Survey.'

Meanwhile I recommend the present to the reader's kind indulgence. May it prove useful to them.

LONDON:

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