by Newcastle, 301; made Secretary of State, 301; defends Admiral Byng, 304: coalesces with the Duke of Newcastle, 302; success of his administration, 302-309; his appreciation of Clive, 525, 537; breach be- tween him and the great Whig connection, 637; review of his Correspondence, 775; in the zenith of prosperity and glory, 775; his coalition with Newcastle, 777; his strength in Parliament, 780; jealousies in his cabinet, 785; his defects, 786; proposes to declare war against Spain on account of the family compact, 787; rejection of his counsel, 787; his resignation, 787; the king's gracious behaviour to him, 787; public enthusiasm towards him, 788; his conduct in opposition, 789-795; his speech against peace with France and Spain, 795; his unsuccessful andiences with George III. to form an administration, 799; Sir William Pynsent bequeaths his whole property to him, 801; bad state of his health, 802; is twice visited by the Duke of Cumberland with propositions from the King, 804, 805; his condemnation of the American Stamp Act, 807, 808; is induced by the King to assist in ousting Rockingham, 811; morbid state of his mind, 811, 812, 815; under- takes to form an administration, 812, 813; is created Earl of Chatham, 813; failure of his ministerial arrangements, 813-817; loss of his popularity, and of his foreign in- finence, 813-817; nis despotic manners, 812, 814; lays an embargo on the exporta- tion of corn, 815; his first speech in the House of Lords, 815; his supercilious con- duct towards the Peers, 815; his retire- ment from office, 815; his policy violated, 816-818; resigns the privy seal, 817; state of parties and of public affairs on his re- covery, 817, 818; his political relations, 819; his eloquence not suited to the House of Lords, 819; opposed the recognition of the independence of the United States, 821; his last appearance in the House of Lords, 820; his death, 821; reflections on his fall, 821; his funeral in Westminster Abbey, 821
Cherbourg, guns taken from, 307 Chesterfield, Lord, his dismissal by Walpole,
Cheyte Sing, a vassal of the government of Bengal, 627; his large revenue and sus- pected treasure, 629; Hastings' policy in desiring to punish him, 629-631; his treat- ment made the successful charge against Hastings, 644
Chillingworth, his opinion on apostolical succession, 488; became a Catholic from conviction, 545
Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, 512; its siege by the English and capitula- tion, 525
Chivalry, its form in Languedoc in the 12th century, 545, 546 Cholmondely, Mrs., 710
Christchurch College, Oxford, its repute after the Revolution, 460; issues a new edition of the Letters of Phalaris, 461 Christianity, its alliance with the ancient phi- losophy, 392; light in which it was regarded by the Italians at the Reformation, 548 Church (the), in the time of James II., 88
Church (the), Southey's book of, 100 Church, the English, persecutions in her name, 55, 56; High and Low Church parties, 749
Church of England, its origin, and connection with the state, 59; its condition in the time of Charles I., 113; endeavour of the leading Whigs at the Revolution to alter its Liturgy and Articles, 340, 490; its con- test with the Scotch nation, 341; Mr. Glad- stone's work in defence of it, 466, 467; his arguments for its being the pure Catholic Church of Christ, 483, 4×5; its claims to apostolical succession discussed, 485-491; views respecting its alliance with the state, 491-496; contrast of its operations during the two generations succeeding the Refor. mation, with those of the Church of Rome, 551, 556
Church of Rome, its alliance with ancient phi- losophy, 392; causes of its success and vi tality, 542, 543; sketch of its history, 544- 563
Churchill, Charles, 87, 792 Cicero, partiality of Dr. Middleton towards, 348; the most eloquent and skilful of ad- vocates, 348; his epistles in his banishment, 357; his opinion of the study of rhetoric, 405
Cider, proposal of a tax on, by the Bute ad- ministration, 796
Civilisation, England's progress in, due to the people, 121
Civil privileges and political power identical,
Civil war, its evils the price of our liberty, 18; conduct of the Long Parliament in reference to it, 66, 77
Clarendon, Lord, his character, 88, 89; his testimony in favour of Hampden, 199, 208, 209, 217, 219; his literary merit, 347; his position at the head of affairs, 13, 14-17; his faulty style, 22; his opposition to the growing power of the Commons, 31; his temper, 32
Clarke, Dr. Samuel, 543 Clarkson, Thomas, 726
Classical learning, love of, in Italy in the 14th century, 33
Clavering, General, 610; his opposition to Hastings, 612, 615; his appointment as Go- vernor-General, 617; his defeat, 619; his death, 619
Cleveland, Duchess of, her favour to Wy- cherley and Churchill, 572, 573 Clifford, Lord, his character, 434; his retire- ment, 439; his talent for debate, 445 Clive, Lord, review of Sir John Malcolm's Life of, 497-541; his family and boyhood, 498, 499; his shipment to India, 498; his arrival at Madras, and position there, 499; obtains an ensign's commission in the Company's service, 501; his attack, capture, and defence of Arcot, 505-508; his subse- quent proceedings, 509, 510; his marriage and return to England, 510; his reception, 510; enters Parliament, 510; returns to India, 511; his subsequent proceedings, 511-520; his conduct towards Omichund, 519; his pecuniary acquisitions, 621, 522; his transactions with Meer Jaffir, 521, 522 : appointed Governor of the Company's pos sessions in Bengal, 523; his dispersion of
Shah Alam's army, 524; responsibility of his position, 521; his return to England, 625; his reception, 525, 526; his proceedings at the India House, 526, 529; nominated Governor of the British possessions in Bengal, 529; his arrival at Calcutta, 529; suppresses a conspiracy, 529-531; success of his foreign policy, 532; his return to Eng- land, 533; his unpopularity, and its causes, 534-538; invested with the Grand Cross of the Bath, 538; his speech in his defence, and its consequence, 539; his life in re- tirement, 540; reflections on his career, 540; failing of his mind, and death by his own hand, 540
Clizia, Machiavelli's, 41
Clodius, extensive bribery at the trial of, 382 Club room, Johnson's, 190
Coalition of Chatham and Newcastle, 302, 788
Cobham, Lord, his malignity towards Essex,
Coke, Sir E., his conduct towards Bacon, 355, 376; his opposition to Bacon in Peacham's case, 369, 370; his experience in conducting state prosecutions, 370; his removal from the Bench, 876; his reconciliation with Buckingham, and agreement to marry his daughter to Buckingham's brother, 376; his reconciliation with Bacon, 377; his be- haviour to Bacon at his trial, 385 Coleridge, relative "correctness"
of his poetry, 153; Byron's opinion of him, 159 Coligni, Gaspar de, reference to, 803 Collier, Jeremy, sketch of his life, 581, 584; his publication on the profaneness of the English stage, 583, 586; his controversy with Congreve, 584 et seq.
Colloquies on Society, Southey's, 98; plan of the work, 102, 103
Colonies, 239; question of the competency of Parliament to tax them, 807, 808 Comedy (the) of England, effect of the writings of Congreve and Sheridan upon,
Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, 563- 589; have exercised a great influence on the human mind, 564
Comines, his testimony to the good govern- ment of England, 193 Commerce and manufacture, their extent in Italy in the 14th century, 32, 33; condition of, during the war at the latter part of the reign of George II., 309
Commons, House of, increase of its power, 93, 94; increase of its power by and since the Revolution, 342 Commonwealth, 571 Comus, Milton's, 6, 8
Condé, Marshal, compared with Clive, 541 Conflans, Admiral, his defeat by Hawke, 307 Congreve, sketch of his career at the Temple, 579, 580; success of his "Love for Love," 581; his "Mourning Bride," 581; his con- troversy with Collier, 583, 586; his "Way of the World," 586; his position among men of letters, 587; his attachment to Mrs. Bracegirdle, 588; his friendship with the Duchess of Marlborough, 588; his death and capricious will, 588; his funeral in Westminster Abbey, 588; cenotaph to his memory at Stowe, 589; analogy between him and Wycherley, 589, 590
Congreve and Sheridan, effect of their works upon the comedy of England, 40; con- trasted with Shakespeare, 40
Conquest of the British arms in 1758-60, 307,
Constance, council of, put an end to the Wick- liffe schism, 548
Constitution (the) of England, in the 15th and 18th centuries, compared with those of other European states, 69; the argument that it would be destroyed by admitting the Jews to power, 140; its theory in respect to the three branches of the legislature, 772 Constitutional government, decline of, on the Continent early in the 17th century, 71, 72 Constitutional History of England, review of Hallam's, 51-98
Constitutional Royalists in the reign of Charles I., 210, 214
Conway, Henry, 801; Secretary of State under Lord Rockingham, 806; returns to his position under Chatham, 813-816; sank into insignificance, 817
Conway, Marshal, his character, 525 Ccoke, Sir Anthony, his learning, 352 Co-operation, advantages of, 471 Coote, Sir Eyre, 621; his character and con- duct in council, 621, 622; his great victory of Porto Novo, 626
Corah, ceded to the Mogul, 606 "Correctness" in the fine arts and in the sciences, 153-155; in painting, 155; what is meant by it in poetry, 153-155 Corruption, parliamentary, not necessary to the Tudors, 275; its extent in the reigns of George I. and II., 784, 785 Corsica given up to France, 817 Cossimbazar, its situation and importance, 598 Council of York, its abolition, 205 Country Wife of Wycherley, its character and merits, 474; whence borrowed, 478 Courtenay, Rt. Hon. T. P., review of his Me- moirs of Sir William Temple, 415-464; his concessions to Dr. Lingard in regard to the Triple Alliance, 433; his opinion of Temple's proposed new council, 442, 443; his error as to Temple's residence, 456 Cousin hood, nickname of the official members of the Temple family, 420 Covenant, the Scotch, 204 Covenanters (the), their conclusion of a treaty with Charles I., 205 Coventry, Lady, 706 Cowley, dictum of Denham concerning him, 2; deficient in imagination, 5; his wit, 272, 755; his admiration of Bacon, 413 Cowper, Earl, Keeper of the Great Seal, 749 Cowper, William, 158; his praise of Pope, 159; his friendship with Warren Hastings, 597
Cox, Archdeacon, his enlogium on Sir Robert Walpole, 277
Coyer, Abbé, his imitation of Voltaire, 756 Craggs, Secretary, 300; succeeds Addison, 772; Addison dedicates his works to him, 773
Cranmer, Archbishop, estimate of his charac ter, 57
Crebillon, the younger, 269 Crisis, Steele's, 766
Crisp, Samuel, his early career, 705; his tra- gedy of Virginia, 705; his retirement and seclusion, 707, 708; his friendship with the
Burneys, 708: his gratification at the suc- cess of Miss Burney's first work, 709; his advice to her upon her comedy, 711; his applause of her "Cecilia," 712 Criticism, remarks on Johnson's code of, 186 Critics, professional, their influence over the reading public, 125
Croker, Mr., his edition of Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson, reviewed, 165–190 Cromwell, Oliver, his elevation to power, 80; his character as a legislator, 81; as a gen eral, 82; his administration and its results, 83, 84; embarked with Hampden for Ame- rica, but not suffered to proceed, 204; his qualities, 220; his administration, 325, 328; treatment of his remains, 327; his abilities displayed in Ireland, 425, 426; anecdote of his sitting for his portrait, 595
Cromwell and Charles, choice between, 78 Cromwell and Napoleon, remarks on Mr. Hal- lam's parallel between, 81-84 Cromwell, Henry, description of, 421 Cromwell, Richard, 781
Crown (the), veto by, on Acts of Parliament, 74; its control over the army, 74; its power in the 16th century, 226; curtailment of its prerogatives, 275, 276; its power predomi- nant at the beginning of the 17th century, 444; decline of its power during the Pen- sionary Parliament, 444, 445; its long con- test with the Parliament put an end to by the Revolution, 448. See also Prerogative Crusades (the), their beneficial effect upon Italy, 32
Cumberland, the dramatist, his manner of ac- knowledging literary merit, 710 Cumberland, Duke of, 525; the confidential friend of Henry Fox, 793; confided in by George III., 803; his character, 803; me- diated between the king and the Whigs, 804
Dacier, Madame, 739 D'Alembert, Horace Walpole's opinion of him,
Dallas, Chief Justice, one of the counsel for Hastings on his trial, 649 Danby, Earl, 275; his connection with Temple, abilities, and character, 439, 440; impeached and sent to the Tower, 441; owed his office and dukedom to his talent in debating, 445
Danger, public, a certain amount of, will war- rant a retrospective law, 209 Dante, his Divine Comedy, 9, 33; comparison of him with Milton, 9, et seq.; "correct- ness" of his poetry, 153; story from, illus. trative of the two great parties in England after the accession of the House of Hanover, 776
D'Arblay, Madame, review of her Diary and Letters, 700-731; wide celebrity of her name, 701; her Diary, 701, 702; her family, 701; her birth and education, 703, 704; ber father's social position, 705; her first lite. rary efforts, 705; her friendship with Mr. Crisp, 705, 708; publication of her "Eve- lina," 708, 709; her comedy "The Witlings," 711; her second novel, "Cecilia," 712;
death of her friends Crisp and Johnson, 712; her regard for Mrs. Delany, 712; her inter- view with the king and queen, 713, 714; accepts the situation of keeper of the robes, 714; sketch of her life in this position, 715- 717; attends at Warren Hastings' trial, 717; her espousal of the cause of Hastings, 718; her incivility to Windham and Burke, 718; her sufferings during her keepership, 718, 721-723; her marriage, and close of the Diary, 723; publication of "Camilla," 723; subsequent events in her life, 723; her death, 724; character of her writings, 724- 729; change in her style, 728-729; speci- mens of her three styles, 729, 730; failure of her later works, 730; service she rendered to the English novel, 731
Dashwood, Sir Francis, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer under Bute, 790; his inefficiency, 796
Davila, one of Hampden's favourite authors, 200 Daylesford, site of the estate of the Hastings family, 596; its purchase and adornment by Hastings, 655, 656
De Augmentis Scientiarum, by Bacon, 368-388 Debates in Parliament, effects of their publi. cation, 95
Debt, the national, effect of its abrogation, 107; England's capabilities in respect to it, 121
Declaration of Right, 338, 339 "Declaration of the Practices and Treasons
attempted and committed by Robert Earl of Essex," by Lord Bacon, 362 Dedications, literary, more honest than for- merly, 123
Devonshire, Duchess of, 649 Devonshire, Duke of, forms an administration after the resignation of Newcastle, 803; Lord Chamberlain under Bute, 791; dis- missed from his lord-lieutenancy, 794; his son invited to court by the king, 805 Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay, re- viewed, 700-731
Dionysius, his inconsistency of character, 656 Disenssion, free, its tendency, 113 Dissent, cause of, in England, 556; avoidance of in the Church of Rome, 557; its extent in the time of Charles L., 113. See also Church of England
Dissenters (the), examination of the reasoning of Mr. Gladstone for their exclusion from civil offices, 476–480 -
Disturbances, public, during Grenville's admi- nistration, 804
Division of labour, its necessity, 467; illus trations of the effects of disregarding it, 467 Dodington, Bubb, 780
Donne, John, comparison of his wit with Ho. race Walpole's, 272
Dorset, the Earl of, the patron of literature in the reign of Charles II., 179 Double Dealer, by Congreve, its reception, 580; his defence of its profaneness, 585 Dover, Lord, review of his edition of Horace Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann, 264- 285. See Walpole, Sir Horace Dowdeswell, Mr., Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Rockingham, 806
Drama (the), its origin in Greece, 7; causes of its dissolute character soon after the Restoration, 570
Dramas, Greek, compared with the English plays of the age of Elizabeth, 154 Dramatic art, the unities violated in all the great master-pieces of, 154
Dramatic literature shows the state of con- temporary religious opinion, 232 Dramatic Works (the) of Wycherley, Con- greve, Vanbrugh, and Farquhar, review of Leigh Hunt's edition of, 563-589 Dramatists of the Elizabethan age, manner in which they treat religious subjects, 232 Drogheda, Countess of, her character, ac- quaintance with Wycherley, and marriage, 575; its consequences, 575 Drummond, Mr., 545
Dryden, the original of his Father Dominic, 41; his merits not adequately appreciated in his day, 123; alleged improvement in English poetry since his time, 157; the connecting link of the literary schools of James I. and Anne, 160; his poetical genins, 563; his excuse for the indecency and im. morality of his writings, 565; his generous admiration for the talents of others, 580; censure on him by Collier for his language regarding heathen divinities, 584; compli- mentary verses to him by Addison, 736; obtained from Addison a critical preface to the Georgics, 737
Dublin, Archbishop of, his work on Logic, 406 Dumont, M., his opinion that Burke's work
on the Revolution had saved Europe, 316; the interpreter of Bentham, 268 Dundas, Mr., his character, and hostility to Hastings, 641
Dupleix, governor of Pondicherry, his gigantic schemes for establishing French influence in India, 500, 503, 504, 508, 511
ceded to it, 627; its financial embarrass- ments, 629
Ecclesiastical commission (the), 226 Ecclesiastics, fondness of the old dramatists for the character of, 232
Eden, pictures of, in old Bibles, 155; painting of, by a gifted master, 155
dinburgh, comparison of with Florence, 559 Education in England in the 16th century, 354; duty of the government in promoting it, 493
Education in Italy in the 14th century, 32 Egerton, his charge of corruption against Bacon, 379; Bacon's decision against him after receiving his present, 386 Egotism, why so unpopular in conversation, and so popular in writing, 164 Elephants, use of, in war in India, 507 Eliot, Sir John, 199, 200; his treatise on Go- vernment, 200; died a martyr to liberty, 200 Elizabeth (Queen), fallacy entertained re- specting the persecutions under her, 53, 54; her penal laws, 54; condition of the work- ing classes in her reign, 116, 195; her rapid advance of Cecil, 223; character of her government, 227, 228, 230, 234; a persecutor, though herself indifferent, 233, 234; her early notice of Bacon, 353; her favour towards Essex, 357; factions at the close of her reign, 352, 353, 366; her pride and temper, 361; and death, 366; progress in know- ledge since her days, 543; her Protestant- ism, 554
Ellenborough, Lord, counsel for Hastings, 649
Elphinstone, Lord, 541 Elwes, 726
Elwood, Milton's friend, allusion to, 28 Emigration of Puritans to America, 204 Emigration to Ireland under Cromwell, 426 Empires, extensive, often more flourishing after a little pruning, 239
England, her progress in civilisation due to the people, 121; her physical and moral condition in the 15th century, 193, 194; never so rich and powerful as since the loss of her American colonies, 239; conduct of, in reference to the Spanish succession, 247, 248; successive steps of her progress, 322, 323; influence of her revolution on the human race, 323, 340; her situation at the Restoration compared with France at the restoration of Louis XVIII., 324, 325; her situation in 1678, 327, 329, 331; character of her public men at the latter part of the 17th century, 418, 419; difference in her situation under Charles II. and under the Protectorate, 428; her fertility in heroes and statesmen, 497; her language, 545 English (the), in the 16th century a free people, 227, 228; their character, 328, 331 English plays of the age of Elizabeth, 154 "Englishman," Steele's, 766 Enlightenment, its increase not necessarily unfavourable to Catholicism, 542 Enthusiasts, dealings of the Churches of Rome and of England with them, 555-557 Epicureans, their peculiar doctrines, 392 Epicurus, the lines on his pedestal, 392 Epitaphs, Latin, 186
Ercilla, Alonzo de, a soldier poet, 238 Essay on Government. Sir W. Temple's, 436 Essays, Lord Bacon's, 359, 368, 388, 408, 418
Essex, Earl of, 235; his character, popularity, and favour with Elizabeth, 357, 36, 372; his political conduct, 358, 359; his friend- ship for Bacon, 358, 359, 362, 372; his con- versation with Robert Cecil, 359; pleads for Bacon's marriage with Lady Hatton, 360, 376; his expedition to Spain, 359; his faults, 360, 361, 372; decline of his fortunes, 361; his administration in Ireland, 360; Bacon's faithlessness to him, 361; his trial and execution, 362; ingratitude of Bacon towards him, 360–365, 373; feeling of King James towards him, 367; his resemblance to Buckingham, 372, 373
Essex, Earl of (temp. Ch. I.), 217, 218 Etherege, Sir George, 564 Euripides, Milton's admiration of him, 7; emendation of a passage of, 171, note Europe, state of, at the peace of Utrecht, 262; want of union in, to arrest the de- signs of Louis XIV., 459; the distractions of, suspended by the treaty of Nimeguen, 440; its progress during the last seven cen- turies, 725
Evelina, Madame D'Arblay's, specimens of her style from, 729, 730
Evils, natural and national, 109
Exchequer, fraud of the Cabal ministry in closing it, 437
Fable (a) of Pilpay, 122
Fairfax, reserved for him and Cromwell to terminate the civil war, 217
Falkland, Lord, his conduct in respect to the bill of attainder against Stratford, 65; his character as a politician, 72; at the head of the Constitutional Royalists, 211 Family Compact (the) between France and Spain, 262, 789
Favourites, royal, always odious, 791 Female Quixote (the), 731
Fénelon, his morality in Telemachus, 567 Ferdinand II., devoted to Catholicism, 554 Ferdinand VII., resemblance between him and Charles 1. of England, 216 Fictious, literary, 28
Fidelity of the sepoys towards Clive, 506 Fielding, his contempt for Richardson, 706; case from his "Amelia," analogous to Ad- dison's treatment of Steele, 753 Filicaja, Vincenzio, 748
Finance, Southey's theory of, 106-108 Finch, Chief Justice, 203; flies to Holland, 208
Fine arts (the), in Italy in the 14th century, 33; decline in England after the civil war, 270; government should promote them,
Fletcher, the dramatist, 566, 571
Florence, state of, in the 14th century, 32, 33;
its History, by Machiavelli, 50; compared with Edinburgh, 559
Foote, Charles, his stage character of an Anglo-Indian grandee, 534; his mimicry, 725; his inferiority to Garrick, 725
Forde, Colonel, 523, 525
Forms of government, 184, 185 Fox, the House of. See Holland, Lord Fox, Charles James, comparison of his His-
tory of James II. with Mackintosh's His tory of the Revolution, 310; his style, 311; characteristic of his oratory, 312; his bodily and mental constitution, 591, 592 ; his championship of arbitrary measures, and defiance of public opinion. 592; his change after the death of his father, 593; clamour raised against his India Bill, and his defence of it, 641; his alliance with Burke, and call for peace with the Ameri. can republic, 642; his powerful party, 644: his conflicts with Pitt, 644; his motion on the charge against Hastings, 645; his ap- pearance on the trial, 649; his rupture with Burke, 653
Fox, Henry, sketch of his political character, 294, 300; accepts office, 302, 303; directed to form an administration in concert with Chatham, 303, 306; applied to by Bute to manage the House of Commons, 793, 794; his private and public qualities, 793; be- comes leader of the House of Commons, 794; obtains his promised peerage, 797 France, illustration from the history of, since the Revolution, 85; her condition in 1712 and in 1832, 260; her state at the restora- tion of Louis XVIII., 324; enters into a compact with Spain against England, 373; recognises the independence of the United States, 405
Francis, Sir Philip, councillor under the Re- gulating Act for India, 610; his character, 610; probability of his being the author of the Letters of Junius, 610, 611; opposes Hastings, 612, 619; his patriotic feeling, and reconciliation to Hastings, 621; op- poses the arrangement with Impey, 624; renews his quarrel with Hastings, 624; duel with Hastings, 625; returns to England, 626; his entrance into the House of Com- mons and character there, 642, 645; his speech relating to Cheyte Sing, 645; ex- cluded from the impeachment committee,
Francis, the Emperor, 781
Franklin, Benjamin, 543; his admiration for Miss Burney, 711
Franks, rapid fall of their dominion after the death of Charlemagne, 502 Frederic I., 658
Frederic the Great, review of his Life and Times, by Thomas Campbell, 658-700; notice of the House of Brandenburgh, 658; birth of Frederic, 660; his father's conduct to him, 660; his taste for music, 660; his desertion and imprisonment, 661; his re- lease, 661; his favourite abode and amuse- ments, 661; his education, 661; his exclusive admiration for French writers, 662; his veneration for the genius of Voltaire, 663; his correspondence with him, 663; his ac- cession, 664; his character little understood, 665; his true character, 666; he determines to invade Silesia, 666; prepares for war, 666; commences hostilities, 667; his per- fidy, 667; occupies Silesia, 667; his first battle, 668; his change of policy, 669; gains the battle of Chotusitz, 669; Silesia ceded to him, 669; his whimsical conferences with Voltaire, 670; recommences hostilities, 670; his retreat from Bohemia, 670; his victory at Hohenfriedberg, 671; his part
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