Ab55 and abbot, difference between, 236 Academy, character of its doctrines, 391 Adam, Robert, court architect to George III., 792
tercourse with Pope, 763, 764; his concern for Steele, 763; begins a new series of the Spectator, 764; appointed Secretary to the Lords Justices of the Council on the death of Queen Anne, 764; again appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, 765; his relations with Swift and Tickell, 765, 766; removed to the Board of Trade, 766; production of his Drummer, 766; his Freeholder, 766; his estrangement from Pope, 767, 768; his long courtship of the Countess Dowager of Warwick and union with her, 770; takes up his abode at Holland House, 771; appointed Secretary of State by Sunderland, 771; failure of his health, 771, 773; resigns his post, 771; receives a pension, 771; his estrangement from Steele and other friends, 772; advocates the bill for limiting the number of Peers, 772; refutation of a ca- lumny upon him, 773; entrusts his works to Tickell, and dedicates them to Craggs, 773; sends for Gay on his death-bed to ask his forgiveness, 773; his death and funeral, 774; Tickell's elegy on his death, 774; su- perb edition of his works, 774: his monu- ment in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey,
Addison, Dr. Lancelot, sketch of his life, 733 Adiaphorists, a sect of German Protestants, 223, 233
Addison, Joseph, review of Miss Aikin's life of, 731-775; his character, 732, 733; sketch of his father's life, 733; his birth and early life, 733, 734; appointed to a scholar- ship in Magdalene College, Oxford, 734; his classical attainments, 734, 735; his Essay on the Evidences of Christianity, 735, 771; con- tributes a preface to Dryden's Georgics, 737; his intention to take orders frustrated, 738, 739; sent by the Government to the Continent, 740; his introduction to Boileau, 738; leaves Paris and proceeds to Venice, 742; his residence in Italy, 742-744; com- poses his Epistle to Montague (then Lord Halifax), 744; his prospects clouded by the death of William III., 744; becomes tutor to a young English traveller, 744; writes his Treatise on Medals, 744; repairs to Hol- land, 744; returns to England, 744; his cor- dial reception and introduction into the Kit Cat Club, 744; his pecuniary difficulties, 745; engaged by Godolphin to write a poem in honour of Marlborough's exploits, 746; is appointed to a Commissionership, 746; merits of his " Campaign," 746; criticism of his Travels in Italy, 735, 748; his opera of Rosamond, 748; is made Under-Secretary of State, and accompanies the Earl of Hali- fax to Hanover, 749; his election to the House of Commons, 749; his failure as a speaker, 749; his popularity and talents for conversation, 750, 751; his timidity and constraint among strangers, 751; his fa- vourite associates, 751-753; becomes Chief Secretary for Ireland under Wharton, 753; origination of the Tatler, 754, 755; his characteristics as a writer, 754, 756; com- pared with Swift and Voltaire as a master of the art of ridicule. 755, 756; his pecuniary losses, 757; loss of his Secretaryship, 758; resignation of his Fellowship, 758; en-Aix, its capture, 307 couragement and disappointment of his ad- vances towards a great lady, 758; returned to Parliament without a contest, 758; tris Whig Examiner, 758; intercedes with the Tories on behalf of Ambrose Phillipps and Steele, 758; his discontinuance of the Tat- ler and commencement of the Spectator, 759; his part in the Spectator, 759; his commencement and discontinuance of the Guardian, 761; his Cato, 742, 761; his in-
Adultery, how represented by the dramatists of the Restoration, 606 Advancement of Learning, by Bacon, its pub- lication, 369
Eschylus and the Greek drama, 7-12 Afghanistan, the monarchy of, analogous to that of England in the 16th century, 228; bravery of its inhabitants, 608, 609; the English the only army in India which could compete with them, 608; their devastations in India, 502
Agricultural and manufacturing labourers, comparison of their condition, 103, 104 Agujari, the singer, 704 Aikin, Miss, review of her Life of Addison,
Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, 281 Albigenses, 546, 547 Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, Alfieri and Cowper, comparison between them, 158
Allegories of Johnson and Addison, 133 Allegory, difficulty of making it interesting, 133
Allegro and Penseroso, 6 Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, 396; comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 396, 397 America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in, 542; its capabilities, 542 American colonies, British war with them, 619; act for imposing stamp duties upon them, 802; their disaffection, 807; revival of the dispute with them, 817; progress of their resistance, 819 Anabaptists, their origin, 221
Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, 390
Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, 504, 505
Angria, his fortress of Gheriah reduced by Clive, 511
Anne, Queen, her political and religious incli- nations, 259; changes in her government in 1710, 259; relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 260–262, 264; state of parties at her accession, 745, 746; dismisses the Whigs, 757; change in the conduct of public affairs consequent on her death, 765
Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, 542 Anytus, 382
Apostolical succession, Mr. Gladstone claims it for the Church of England, 485, 496 Aquinas, Thomas, 407
Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, 562 Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, 756
Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inven- tions, 395
Archytas, rebuked by Plato, 395
Arcot, Nabob of, bis relations with England, 505-508, 540; his claims recognised by the English, 505
Areopagitica, Milton's allusion to, 27 Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's ad- ministration, 290
Ariosto, compared with Tasso, 552 Aristodemus, 543
Aristophanes, 564
Aristotle, his authority impaired by the Re- formation, 393
Arithmetic, comparative estimate of by Plato and by Bacon, 394, 395
Arlington, Lord, his character, 427; his cold- ness for the Triple Alliance, 430; his im- peachment, 488
Armies in the middle ages, how constitnted,
35, 70; a powerful restraint on the regal power, 70; subsequent change in this re- spect, 71
Arms, British, successes of, against the French in 1758, 807-309
Army (the), control of by Charles I. or by the Parliament, 74; its triumph over both, 77; danger of a standing army becoming an instrument of despotism, 216
Arne. Dr., set to music Addison's opera of Rosamond, 749
Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favourable to public liberty, 240
Art of War. Machiavelli's, 45
Arundel. Earl of, 388
Asia, Central, its people, 607
Asiatic Society, commencement of its career under Warren Hastings, 637
Assemblies, dellberative, 306
Association See Catholic Association
Astronomy, comparative estimate of by Soc. rates and by Bacon, 396 Athenian comedies, their impurity, 564; re- printed at the two Universities, 564 Athenians (the), Johnson's opinion of them,
Attainder, an act of, warrantable, 209 Atterbury, Bishop, his reply to Bentley to prove the genuineness of the Letters of Pha- laris, 461; reads the funeral service over the body of Addison, 774 Attila, 542
Attributes of God, subtle speculations touch- ing them imply no high degree of intellec tual culture, 543, 544
Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Ba- con, 879; Bacon's decision against him after his present, 386 Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Swe- den, 555
Augustine, St., 542 Aurangzebe, his policy, 502 Austen, Jane, notice of, 726 Austin, Sarah, her character as a translator, 541, 563
Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause, 551
Authors, their present position, 1^2-125 Avignon, the Papal Court transferred from Rome to, 547
Baber, founder of the Mogul empire, 501 Bacon, Lady, mother of Lord Bacon, 352 Bacon, Lord, review of Basil Montagu's new edition of the works of, 346-414; his mother distinguished as a linguist, 352; his early years, 353, 354; his services refused by go- vernment, 355, 356; his admission at Gray's Inn, 355; his legal attainments, 355; sat in Parliament in 1593, 356; part he took in politics, 356; his friendship with the Earl of Essex, 359-363; examination of his con- dnct to Essex, 362-368; influence of King James on his fortunes, 366; his servility to Lord Southampton, 367; influence his ta- lents had with the public, 367; his distinc- tion in Parliament and in the courts of law, 368; his literary and philosophical works, 368; his "Novum Organum," and the ad- miration it excited, 368; his work of reduc- ing and recompiling the laws of England, 369; his tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 369-372; attaches himself to Buckingham, 372; his appointment as Lord Keeper, 373; his share in the vices of the administration, 374; his animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 376, 377; his town and country residences, 376; his titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 377; report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 379; nature of the charges, 879, 380; overwhelming evidence to them, 380, 381; his admission of his guilt, 881; his sentence, 381; examination of Mr. Montagu's arguments in his defence, 381- 387; mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 388, 389; chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 389-394; his views compared with those of Plato, 394-399; to what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 400;
Bell, Peter, Byron's spleen against, 159 Bellasys, the English general, 249 Bellingham, his malevolence, 726 Belphegor (the) of Machiavelli, 42 Benares, its grandeur, 627; its annexation to the British dominions, 631 "Benefits of the Death of Christ," 552 Benevolence, Oliver St. John's opposition to, and Bacon's support of, 369 Bengal, its resources, 511, et seq. Bentham, his language on the French revo- lution, 316
his frequent treatment of moral subjects, | Belgium, its contest between Protestantism 402; his views as a theologian, 403; vulgar and Catholicism, 553, 557 notion of him as inventor of e inductive Belial, 572 method, 404; estimate of his analysis of that method, 404-408; union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 408; his amplitude of comprehension, 468, 409; his freedom from the spirit of controversy, 409; his eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 410; his disciplined imagination, 411; his boldness and originality, 411; unusual development in the order of his faculties, 412; his resem- blance to the mind of Burke. 412; specimens of his two styles, 412, 413; value of his Essays, 413; his greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 413; contemplation of his life, 413, 414 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, his character, 349-351 Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, 389; its essential spirit, 390; its method and objet differed from the ancient, 394; com- parative views of Bacon and Plato, 394- 399; its beneficent spirit, 397, 398, 401; its value compared with ancient philosophy, 399-404
Baillie, Gen., destruction of his detachment by Hyder Ali, 756
Balance of power, interest of the Popes in pre- serving it, 558
Banim, Mr., his defence of James II. as a sup- porter of toleration, 333
Banking operations of Italy in the 14th cen- tnry, 32
Bar (the), its degraded condition in the time of James II., 88
Barbary, work on, by Rev. Dr. Addison, 733 Barcelona, capture of, by Peterborough, 253 Baretti, his admiration for Miss Burney, 710 Barillon, M., his pithy words on the new coun- cil proposed by Temple, 443 Barlow, Bishop, 572 Barrington, Lord, 780
Barwell, Mr., 610; his support of Hastings, 612, 618, 619, 621
Bastille, Burke's declamations on its capture, 643
Battle of the Cranes and Pygmies, Addison's,
Bavaria, its contest between Protestantism and Catholicism, 553, 558
Baxter's testimony to Hampden's excellence,
Beaumarchais, his suit before the parliament of Paris, 387
Beckford, Alderman, 815
Bedford, Duke of, 779; his views of the po-
licy of Chatham, 786, 792; presents remon- strance to George III., 805 Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an administration, 209 Bedfords (the), 779; their opposition to the Rockingham ministry on the Stamp Act, 808; their willingness to break with Gren- villeon Chatham's accession to office. 813; de- serted Grenville and admitted to office, 817; parallel between them and the Rocking- hams, 802
Bedford House assailed by a rabble, 804 Begums of Oude, their domains and treasures, 632; disturbances in Oude imputed to them, 632; their prote-tations, 633; their spolia- tion charged against Hastings, 647
Bentham and Dumont, 268 Bentinck, Lord William, his memory che- rished by the Hindoos, 541 Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the 16th century, 230 Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, 461; his edition of Milton, 462, 731; his notes on Horace, 462; his recon- ciliation with Boyle and Atterbury, 463 Berar, occupied by the Bonslas, 620 Berwick, Duke of, held the Allies in check, 250; his retreat before Galway, 254 Bickerstaff, Isaac, astrologer, 754 Biographia Britannica, refutation of a ca- lumny on Addison in, 773
Biography, tenure by which a writer of is bound to his subject, 459 Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolic succession, 485, 489 Black Hole of Calcutta described, 513, 514; retribution of the English for its horrors, 514, 515,517, 518
Blackmore, Sir Richard, his attainments in the ancient languages, 736 Blackstone, 346
Blasphemous publications, policy of govern- ment in respect to, 115
Blenheim, battle of, 748; Addison employed to write a poem in its honour, 746 Blois, Addison's retirement to, 739 "Bloomsbury gang," the denomination of the Bedfords, 779
Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of the Bodleian library, 369, 388
Bohemia, influence of the doctrines of Wick- liffe in, 547, 548
Boileau, Addison's intercourse with, 740, 741; his opinion of modern Latin, 740, 741; his literary qualities, 741
Bokngbroke, Lord, the liberal patron of lite- rature, 179; proposed to strengthen the royal prerogative, 276; his pretence of philosophy in his exile, 402; his jest on oc- casion of the first representation of Cato, 762; Pope's perfidy towards him, 768; his remedy for the diseases of the state, 784, 785
Bombay, its affairs thrown into confusion by the new council at Calcutta, 613 Book of the Church, Southey's, 100 Books, puffing of, 123-126
Booth, played the hero in Addison's Cato on its first representation, 761 Borgia, Cæsar, 43
Boroughs, rotten, the abolition of, a necessary reform in the time of George I., 280 Boswell, James, his character, 175-177
Boswell's Life of Johnson, by Croker, review of, 165-190; character of the work, 175 Boswellism, 28
Bourbon, the House of, their vicissitudes in Spain, 248-258
Bourne, Vincent, 827; his Latin verses in celebration of Addison's restoration to health, 357
Boyle, Charles, his nominal editorship of the Letters of Phalaris, 461; his book on Greek history and philology, 736 Boyle, Rt. Hon. Henry, 746
"Boys" (the), in opposition to Sir R. Wal- pole, 278
Bracegirdle, Mrs., her celebrity as an actress, 588; her intimacy with Congreve, 588, 589 Brahmins, 544
Bribery, foreign, in the time of Charles I., 90 Brihuega, siege of, 258
"Broad Bottom Administration" (the), 297 Brothers, his prophecies as a test of faith,
Brown Launcelot, 535
Brown's Estimate, 302
Bruce, Lord, his appearance at Dr. Burney's concerts, 704
Brunswick, the House of, 781
Brussels, its importance as the seat of a vice- regal Court, 429 Brydges, Sir Egerton, 726
Buchanan, character of his writings, 394 Buckhurst, 564, 565
Buckingham, Duke of, the "Steenie" of James I., 197, 198; Bacon's early discern- ment of his influence, 372, 373; his expedi- tion to Spain, 373; his return for Bacon's patronage, 373; his corruption, 374; his character and position, 374-377; his mar- riage, 378; his visit to Bacon, and report of his condition, 380 Buckingham, Duke of, one of the Cabal ministry, 573; his fondness for Wycherley, 573; anecdote of his versatility, 574 Budgell, Eustace, one of Addison's friends, 752, 753
Bunyan, John, his history and character, 136- 138; his style, 139; his religious enthusiasm and imagery, 556
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, review of Southey's edition of, 132; peculiarity of the work, 133, 136, 138, 139; not a perfect alle- gory, 135, 136
Buonaparte, 81, 304, 747. See also Napoleon Burgoyne, Gen., chairman of the committee of inquiry on Lord Clive, 539
Burke, Edmund, his characteristics, 98; his opinion of the war with Spain on the ques- tion of maritime right, 295; resembles Bacon, 412; effect of his speeches on the House of Commons, 464; not the author of the Letters of Junius, 611; his charges against Hastings, 640, 754; his kindness to Miss Burney, 718; her incivility to him at Hastings' trial, 718; his early political career, 806-809; his first speech in the House of Commons, 809; his opposition to Chatham's measures relating to India, 815; his defence of his party against Grenville's attacks, 818; his feeling towards Chatham, Burleigh and his Times, review of Rev. Dr. Nares's, 220; his early life and character,
221-224; his death, 224; importance of the times in which he lived, 224; the great stain on his character, 233; character of the class of statesmen he belonged to, 352; classical acquirements of his wife, 352; his conduct towards Bacon, 354, 355, 359; his apology for having resorted to torture, 370; Bacon's letter to him upon the department of knowledge he had chosen, 409 Burnet, Bishop, 463
Burney, Dr., his social position, 702, 704; his conduct relative to his daughter's first pub- lication, 709; his daughter's engagement at Court, 714
Burney, Frances. See D'Arblay, Madame Bussey, his eminent merit and conduct in India, 509
Bute, Earl of, his character and education, 782; appointed Secretary of State, 785; op- poses the proposal of war with Spain on account of the family compact, 787; his unpopularity on Chatham's resignation, 788; becomes Prime Minister, 788; his first speech in the House of Lords, 788; induces the retirement of the Duke of Newcastle, 789; becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 790; his foreign and domestic policy, 791, 796; his resignation, 797; continues to ad- vise the king privately, 799, 804, 808 Butler, Addison not inferior to him in wit,
Byng, Admiral, his failure at Minorca, 302; his trial, 304; opinion of his conduct, 304; Chatham's defence of him, 304
Byron, Lord, his epistolary style, 147; his character, 148; his early life, 148; his quar rel with and separation from his wife, 149- 150; his expatriation, 151; decline of his intellectual powers, 151; his attachment to Italy and Greece, 152; his sickness and death, 152; general grief for his fate, 152; remarks on his poetry, 153; his admiration of the Pope school of poetry, 159; his opinion of Wordsworth and Coleridge, 159; of Peter Bell, 159; his estimate of the poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries, 169; his sensitiveness to criticism, 160; the in- terpreter between Wordsworth and the multitude, 160; the founder of an exoteric Lake school, 161; remarks on his dramatic works, 161-163; his egotism, 163; cause of his influence, 163-165
Cabal (the), their proceedings and designs, 434, 436, 438
Cabinets, in modern times, 442 Cadiz, exploit of Essex at the siege of, 249, 360; its pillage by the English expedition in 1702, 249 Caesar Borgia, 43
Cæsar, Claudius, resemblance of James I. to,
Cæsar, Julius, compared with Cromwell, 81 Cæsars (the), parallel between them and the Tudors, not applicable, 229 Calcutta, its position on the Hoogley, 512; scene of the Black Hole of, 513, 514; re- sentment of the English at its fall, 514; again threatened by Surajah Dowlah, 5i6;
Canning, Mr., 725
Cape Breton, reduction of, 307
Caraffa, Gian Pietro, afterwards Pope Paul IV., his zeal and devotion, 549, 552 Carlisle, Lady, 212
Carnatic (the), its resources, 504-510; its in- vasion by Hyder Ali, 625, 626
Carteret, Lord, his ascendancy after the fall of Walpole, 281, 282; Sir Horace Walpole's stories about him, 283; his defection from Sir Robert Walpole, 292; succeeds Walpole, 297; his character as a statesman, 297, 298; created Earl Granville, 297
Carthagena, surrender of the arsenal and ships of, to the Allies, 254 Casina (the), of Plautus, 41 Castile, Admiral of, 250
Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favourable to public liberty, 240 Castilians, their character in the 16th century, 238; their conduct in the War of the Suc- cession, 255; their attachment to the faith of their ancestors, 549
Castracani, Castruccio, Life of, by Machiavelli,
Chalmers, Dr., Mr. Gladstone's opinion of his defence of the Church, 466 Champion, Colonel, commander of the Bengal army, 608
Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley, 512; captured by the English,
Charlemagne, imbecility of his successors, Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown, 241; takes the field in support of it, 250; accompanies Peterborough in his expedition, 251; his success in the north- east of Spain, 253; is proclaimed king at Madrid, 254; his reverses and retre t, 256; his re-entry into Madrid, 257; his unpopu- larity, 257; concludes a peace, 259; forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 262 Charles I., lawfulness of the resistance to, 15, 18; Milton's defence of his execution, 20, 21; his treatment of the Parliament of 1640, 61; his treatment of Strafford, 66; estimate of his character, 66, 79, 80, 197; his fall, 78; his condemnation and its con- sequences, 78-81; Hampden's opposition to him, and its consequences, 197-204; resist- ance of the Scots to him, 204, 205; his in- creasing difficulties, 205; his conduct to- wards the House of Commons, 212-214; his flight, 214; review of his conduct and treatment, 215, 217; reaction in his favour during the Long Parliament, 331; cause of his political blunders, 378; effect of the vic- tory over him on the national character, 418 Charles I. and Cromwell, choice between, 78 Charles II., character of his reign, 22; his
foreign subsidies, 89; his situation in 1660 contrasted with that of Louis XVIII., 324; his character, 327, 423; his position towards the king of France, 329; consequences of his levity and apathy, 331, 332; his court compared with that of his father, 427; his extravagance, 429; his subserviency to France, 430-440; his renunciation of the dispensing power, 438; his relations with Temple, 439, 441,456; his system of bribery of the Commons, 445; his dislike of Halifax, 453; his dismissal of Temple, 456; his social disposition, 573
Charles II. of Spain, his unhappy condition, 241, 243-246; his difficulties in respect to the succession, 241-246
Charles III. of Spain, his hatred of England, 787
Charles V., 549 Charles VIII., 409
Charles XII., compared with Clive, 541 Charlotte, Queen, obtains the attendance of Miss Burney, 714; her partizanship for Hastings, 719; her treatment of Miss Burney, 720-723
Chatham, Earl of, character of his public life, 286, 287; his early life, 287; his travels, 288; enters the army, 288; obtains a seat in Par- liament, 288; attaches himself to the Whigs in Opposition, 291; his qualities as an orator, 293, 294; is made Groom of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 295; declaims against the ministers, 296; his opposition to Car- teret, 297; legacy left him by the Duchess of Marlborough, 297; supports the Pelham ministry, 297; appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 297, 298; overtures made to him
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