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THE SANKHAYANA ARANYAKA.

Adhyāya I.

PRAJAPATI is the year; the Mahāvrata is his body; therefore one should not recite it for another, lest one place in that other the body of all beings. Again, the Mahavrata is the body of Indra; therefore one should not recite it for another, lest one place in that other the body of Indra. Again, the Mahāvrata is the body 2 of the man, composed of Ṛc, Yajus, and Saman verses, whom they make ready; therefore one should not recite it for another, lest one place in that other the body of all the metres. One may, however, recite it (for another) as Hotṛ priest of Sattrins or for one's father or teacher. For in that case the recitation is really for himself, and by his own self he perfects the sacrifice. The Stoma of the Mahavrata is of twenty-five parts. Twenty-four, indeed, are the half-months of the year, so that the year is made up. Again, Prajapati, the year, is of twenty-five parts. Twenty-four parts are placed at the beginning, and the end is the twenty-fifth. A bull is to be offered to Indra and a goat to Prajāpati. That day, indeed, is Indra's; Indra is Prajapati. (The goat) is the symbol of Prajapati. Again, among animals the bull is the symbol of Indra. (1.)

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The Ajya Sastra of the Mahāvrata is the twelve-verse hymn,6 'The guest of every man.' Twelve, indeed, are the months

1 See Eggeling, S.B.E., xliii, p. xxiii.

2 This confirms the view of the comm. on Śānkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xviii, 2, 1, that in this school the litany is regarded as of human shape. For the idea, cf. iv, 6, and note.

3 In the two latter cases the Mahāvrata must be part, not of a Sattra, but of an Āhina or Ekāha, see note on Aitareya Aranyaka, v, 3, 3; i, 8, infra, rather contradicts this by recognising a friend also.

Samardhayati approaches the sense 'unites' here, and in some passages of the Maitrayani Samhita. The translation adopted is Prof. Eggeling's. 5 A reference to the Caturvimśa, which is de facto the first day of the Gavamayana, Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa, xix, 8. For the Atman as 25, see Weber, Ind. Stud., v, 375, n.; Garbe, Samkhya Philosophie, p. 16.

6 RV., viii, 74, 1–12 (vv. 13–15 are a Dānastuti and so not used).

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in the year; so the year is made up. In this hymn there are two metres, Gayatri and Anustubh. In the recitation one adds the twenty-five-verse hymn, Agni, from fire-sticks, men with devotion.' For the Stoma is of twenty-five parts, and the Sastra is perfect in form when it corresponds with the Stoma. In this hymn there are two metres, Virāj and Triṣṭubh. These make up four (metres). This all, indeed, is fourfold, so that all this is made up. The Praüga Sastra is in Triṣṭubh. The Triṣṭubh is the metre of Indra, and so he is united with his own metre. The (Trca 3), 'Were not they, who were magnified by praise,' is addressed to Vāyu, and contains the words 'great' and 'magnify.' It contains the word 'great,' for this day is described as 'great' (Mahā-vrata). The following Trca, As far as the strength of the body, as far as might,' is addressed to Indra and Vayu, because (of the expression) As far as men perceiving with vision.' The fair eye of you two, Varuņa,' is (the Trca 5) addressed to Mitra and Varuna, because (of the expression) The sun goes extending (the light) of the two gods.' 'Who will hear, who of those who merit worship,' is (the Trca 6) addressed to the Asvins, because (of the expression) 'Whom the daughter of the sun chose.' 'How, what priest's (sacrifice) has the great one magnified,' is (the Tṛca 7) addressed to Indra, and contains the words 'great' and 'magnify.' It contains the word' great,' for this day is described as 'great.' 'Who is of you a protector, Vasus, who of you a guardian,' is (the Tṛca 3) addressed to the All-gods, because of the expression 'Varuņa, Mitra, from the stronger mortal.'

1 RV., vii, 1.

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2 Cf. Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇa, ii, 1; xix, 4; xxviii, 7.

"May this

3 RV., vii, 91, 1-3. The statement that the words 'great' and 'magnified' are contained is not correct as regards the former, but the correctness of the version seems clear from ii, 7; 8, though but for the parallels one might render 'has the word "great," having the word "magnified" = having the word "great.”

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4 R.V., vii, 91, 4-6. The reasons given are only, I think, for the attribution to the deities, who correspond to those of the original Praüga, and it is not sought-as Friedländer, p. 32, n. 3, thinks to prove that each verse has an equivalent of 'great.'

5 RV., vii, 61, 1–3.

6 RV., iv, 43, 1–3.

RV., iv, 23, 1-3. Cf. for the Prauga, Aitareya Aranyaka, i, 1, 1.

* RV., iv, 55, 1-3.

Sarasvati, glad,' is (the Tṛca 1) addressed to Sarasvati, because of the expression 'He has opened the doors of Ṛta, O happy one.' This is the Praüga Sastra of Vamadeva, arranged in Trcas in Tristubhs, and containing the word 'Ka.'2 Prajapati, indeed, is Vāmadeva; in Prajāpati so do they obtain all desires. Others say the (Sastra of the) morning pressing should not be in Triṣṭubhs. Otherwise it confuses the (parts of the service) which have fixed metres. (The Sastra) should be that of the one-day rite. The one-day rite is Brahman; this day is Brahman; so Brahman is perfected by Brahman. (2.)

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Thee as a car for help' is the strophe of the Marutvatiya Sastra. This juice pressed, Vasu,' is the antistrophe." This is the regular scheme for the one-day rite. The Brāhmaṇa as to it has already been set forth. After reciting first the (hymn of) Vasukra, 'Fair has been the singer's onset,' he inserts a Nivid in the Triṣṭubh (hymn 9), Great, hero-like, controlling men, is Indra.' Now (the reason) that he recites the Vasukra hymn first is that Indra is Vasukra, and (the reason for reciting) Great, hero-like, controlling men, is Indra,' is that it contains the word 'great,' for this day is described as 'great.' (3.)

Then he offers the oblations of ghee. Thus he wins success for the calming of the sacrifice and the healing of the sacrificers. There are eight (oblations). By these, indeed, the gods obtained 10 all success; thus also do sacrificers by means of them obtain all success. Then he mutters the mutterings

1 RV., vii, 95, 4-6.

2 As only three Trcas are from RV., iv, this is curious, but the comm. on Śrauta Sūtra, xvii, 8, 10, explains that the three new Trcas give the name to the whole to distinguish it from the Vasistha Praüga, Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa, xxv, 2, of the Vișuvant.

3 Cf. Kauşitaki Brāhmaṇa, xxv, 3.

4 RV., viii, 68, 1-3.

5 RV., viii, 2, 1–3.

6 This must be the sense here, not 'addition' as taken by Sayaṇa on Aitareya Aranyaka, v, 1, 1; cf. Friedländer, p. 34, n. 4.

7 Cf. Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇa, xv, 2.

8 RV., x, 27.

9 RV., vi, 19.

10 An untranslatable play on aşți and aṣṭau, as in Kaușītaki, Brāhmaṇa, xvii, 3; xix, 5. For the Mantras of the eight oblations, see Sankhāyana

Śrauta Sūtra, xvii, 12, 1-4, and note on Aitareya Aranyaka, v, 1, 1.

accompanying the Parimads. They are Parimads (those which boil around). The waters indeed are Parimāds, for by the waters all this is boiled around, and so they are the Parimads. Now the hymn is food. The waters indeed come first before the coming of food, and the waters are the Parimads. Again, the Parimads are the nails, teeth, body, and hair. Therefore

are they to be employed, for they are bringers of good fortune. There are twenty-five and the conclusion.1 The Angirasa (Saman) serves as a support; of that it is a symbol. (Then comes the) Bhutechad (Saman); (in reciting it he feels) I have reached Indra's dear abode.' Then the Krośa and Anukrosa (they use)-(thereby) have they won; then the Payas (Saman)—(thereby) have they won; then the Arka and Arkapuspa (Sāmans). Arka is Agni here; Arkapuspa is Aditya. If the Saman singers sing a round according to these (Samans), then they say to the Hotṛ priest, Mutter after us.' If they sing, he should mutter after them; if they sing thus, or even if they do not sing, he should mutter all the same.

(4.)

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These are the seven divine metres; therefore he should mutter after the (Saman singers). Again, Indra's indeed is this day, for Indra are the mutterings; therefore he should mutter after them. Then standing there he adores the fire in each of its members, saying 'Honour, Honour.' For the gods are not above receiving honour. He should honour the parts of the fire when it is kindled, if it is on the high altar.5 Then

For the Parimads (connected with mad, 'be glad,' by Sāyaṇa on Satapatha Brahmana, x, 1, 2, 8, but see Weber, Ind. Stud., ix, 235), see especially Eggeling,, S.B.E., xliii, 288, n. 2. The seven, names are given here, not in the Satapatha. It is clear that the Satapatha follows a similar rite to the Sankhayana, while Tandya Mahābrāhmaṇa, v, 4, 1–13, and Latyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, iii, 9, recognise thirteen Parimads with

diverse names.

2 The following passage is so brief as to be of doubtful interpretation, but I follow Friedländer in regarding the remarks as Arthavāda. It would probably be more natural and perhaps better to take priyam Indrasya dhamopajagama as a description of the Krosa and Anukrosa, for jagāma in early texts is usually third person, Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, p. 283. 3 For the anujapa, see Sankhāyana Srauta Sūtra, xvii, 12, 5. 4i.e. the seven Samans. Cf. Satapatha Brāhmaṇa, vii, 3, 1, 41.

5 See note on Aitareya Aranyaka, v, 1, 2, and cf. Sankhayana Srauta Sūtra, xvii, 13, 6.

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