ORIGIN OF THE DIFFERENT NATIONS, THEIR POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS, THE WHOLE COMPRISING ALL THAT IS IMPORTANT IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE GLOBE. AND THE HISTORY OF MANKIND. BY JOHN BIGLAND, Author of "Letters on Ancient and Modern History," "Essays on various WITH NOTES, CORRECTING AND IMPROVING THE PART WHICH RELATES TO THE BY JEDIDIAH MORSE, D.D. A.A.S. S.H.S. Author of the American Universal Geography, &c. IN FIVE VOLUMES. VOL. V. BOSTON: PRINTED BY THOMAS B. WAIT And Co. SOLD BY THEM, AND BY MATHEW CAREY, PHILADELPHIA, AND DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT: BE it remembered, That on the twentieth day of July, A. D. 1811, and in the thirtysixth year of the Independence of the United States of America, THOMAS B WAIT, CO. of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: A Geographical and Historical View of the World: exhibiting a complete delineation of the natural and artificial features of each country; and a succinct narrative of the origin of the different nations, their political revolutions, and progress in arts. sciences, literature, commerce, etc. The whole comprising all that is important in the geography of the globe, and the history of mankind. By John Bigland, author of " Letters on Ancient and Modern History," "Essays on various subjects," etc. etc. With Notes, correcting and improving the part which relates to the American Continent and Islands. By Jedidiah Morse, D.D. A.A.S. S.H.S. author of the American Universal Geography, etc. In five volumes. In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, intitled, "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps. Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned;" and also to an act intitled, " An act supplementary to an act, intitled, an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprie. tors of such copies during the times therein mentioned; and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Engraving, and Etching Historical, and other Prints." WILLIAM S. SHAW, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts, BEM AOBK GENERAL DIVISION OF THE TERRAQUEOUS GLOBE. VOLUME I. EUROPE.-GENERAL DESCRIPTION. ENGLAND. CHAP. I.-Names given to the whole island and to its southern part; geographical position of the island of Great Britain; England, including Wales; situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, canals, lakes, mineralogy, mineral waters, soil, climate, vegetable productions, zoology, natural curiosities, artificial curiosities, and antiquities. Vol. I. p. 8 to 38. CHAP. II.-Chief cities and towns, edifices, islands.-London, its situation; its origin; its ancient state under the Romans; description of modern London; advantages and defects; consequences of the conflagration in 1666; principal structures; bridges; squares; population in in the reign of Henry 11; of Edward III; of Queen Elizabeth, at the commencement of the eighteenth century; in the middle of the eighteenth century; present population; annual consumption; immense commerce; numerous and extensive manufactures; breweries; places of public worship; distinguishing characteristics of London; description of the environs. British Ports.-Liverpool, Newcastle, Hull, Whitehaven, Sunderland, Bristol, Whitby, Portsmouth, Plymouth, description of those places, their shipping and commerce.—Inland cities.— Bath, York, Norwich, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, description of those towns, their trade and manufactures; other towns of the next importance.-Islands.—Wight, Guernsey, Jersey, Anglesey, Man, islands of Scilly.-Vol. I. p. 39 to 79. CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, of arts and sciences, literature and commerce.-State of society among the ancient Britons; C VOL. I. conquest of England by the Romans; state of the country under the Ro CHAP. IV. Present state of Britain, political and moral, religion, go- CHAP. L.-Situation, extent, face of the country, &c.—Vol. II. p. 3 to 14. CHAP. II.—Principal cities and towns, edifices, islands.—Herring fishe ries; description of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, Dundėė, and other remarkable towns of Scotland, their trade, manufactures, &c.—Scottish islands.-Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetland islands, their physi- cal and moral circumstances; remarks; herring fisheries, their impor- CHAP. III-Historical view, progress of society, &c.-Frequent wars with England; feudal system; dependence of the crown on the nobi- lity; power of the feudal lords; reformation of religion; singular dis- posal of the church lands; union of Scotland with England; happy consequences of that union; general remarks on the events of Scottish history; views of the state of society, commerce, &c. at different peri- CHAP. IV-Present state, political and moral, commerce, manufactures, literature and science, education, population, with some remarks rela- tive to that subject at different periods, manners, customs, national IRELAND. CHAP. II.-Principal cities and towns.-Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Wa- terford, Galway, Belfast, description; commerce, manufactures, &c.— CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, &c.-Obscurity of the ancient history of Ireland; introduction of Christianity; Irish monks famed for their learning; reflections on the state of literature at an early period in Ireland; rudeness of the Irish architecture previous to the English conquest, indicative of no great degree of civilization; con- quest of part of Ireland by the Danes; conquest by the English in the reign of Henry II.; transactions since that period; various revolts, but happily subdued; union with England.—Vol. II. p. 116 to 134. CHAP. IV.-Present state, political and moral, agriculture, commerce, FRANCE. CHAP. I. Situation, extent, boundaries, old and new divisions, face of the country, mountains, rivers, canals, lakes, mineralogy, mineral waters, soil, climate, vegetable productions, zoology, natural curiosities, anti- quities and artificial curiosities.—Vol. II. p. 145 to 162. CHAP. II.—Principal cities and towns, edifices, islands.-Paris.—Situa tion of Paris; description of the city; its extent; supposed popula tion; crowded streets; numerous carriages; publick edifices ; national museum; public libraries; commerce; first historical notice of Paris by Cæsar; its ancient state; progressive improvement; enlargement in the reign of Philip Agustus; embellished by succeeding monarchs; improvements in the reign of Louis XIV; effects of the revolution on the state of the French metropolis; environs of Paris; St. Cloud; Versailles; melancholy reflections on human affairs; Trianon; Belle- vue; Montmartre; St. Germaine; Vincennes; comparison of the en- virons of Paris with those of London; Lyons, Thoulouse, Rouen, Lisle, Valenciennes, Metz, Nancy, Strasburg, Orleans, Bourdeaux, Marseilles, Nantes, L'Orient, Calais, Dunkirk, Brest, Toulon, descriptions of those cities and ports, their commerce, &c. Edifices of France, gothic cathe- drals, chateaux, bridges.-French islands.-Oleron, Belleisle, Isle de Rhê, Herras, Corsica.-Vol. II. p. 163 to 184. CHAP. III.—Historical view, progress of society, of arts and sciences, of literature and commerce.-State of the ancient Gauls; conquest of the country by Julius Cæsar; France remains a Roman province almost 500 years; conquest of the country by the Franks; establishment of the French monarchy; state of France under the kings of the first race; rise of the Maires du Palais; establishment of the second race; reign |