perusal of ye deplorable news of the death of our late noble Presidt. Multiplicity of words may multiply ye sense of our loss, but cannot depaint its greatness." Forty years after Aungier's death, Hamilton wrote: "The name of Mr. Aungier is much reverenced by the ancient People of Surat and Bombay to this day. His Justice and Dexterity in managing Affairs got him such Esteem that the Natives. of these Places made him the Common Arbitrator of the Differences in Point of Traffick. Nor was it ever known that any Party receded ever from his Award." Three centuries have passed since Gerald Aungier threw up the bastions between Bombay Castle and the sea, and the “old square house" which we took over from the Portuguese, and in which he lived and did his great work, still stands. Here should be placed a tablet to the memory of the man who was the first-and not the least noble-of the long and illustrious line of administrators who have made our Indian Empire. On his foundation they have built. He "brought the face of Justice to be unveiled."

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Facing Bombay Castle, on the land side, in the days long done, there was a wide tract of common land, about fifty acres in extent. James Forbes, in his Oriental Memoirs, one of the most charming works ever written about the East, has given us a view of Bombay Green as it was in the year (1763) when Lord Bute resigned and proceedings were begun against Wilkes for No. 45 of the North Briton. company of soldiers is drawn up before the church. gentleman with cocked hat, knee-breeches, and a long stick, with a native servant holding an umbrella over his head, is gazing at them. A coach, drawn by four horses, preceded by a company of sepoys, is being driven by the church. It may be the coach of His Excellency the Governor. A humble factor is being carried in an open palanquin, with two sepoys with drawn swords preceding him. There is a gentleman riding in a chaise and pair, as a native bullock

carriage was then styled. When Admiral Watson, the brave old sailor whose name is so closely linked with that of Robert Clive, came to Bombay in 1774 with his squadron, “palanquins," writes the surgeon of the ship, "were placed at the disposal of his sick by Government, whilst the Admiral had a chaise and pair of these oxen allowed him also by the Company. They are commonly white, have a large pair of perpendicular horns, and black noses. The Admiral oftentimes went in the chaise for an afternoon outing to Malabar Hill, and to the end of Old Woman's Island, to Marmulia and many other places. In England, if these creatures are forced out of their usual pace, it is too well known that they will faint or lie under their burthen; but at Bombay they trot and gallop as naturally as horses, and are equally serviceable in every respect-except that they sometimes incommode by the filth thrown upon you by their tails." An admiral in uniform driving about in a small bullock-cart, with his knees close to his chin, must have been a quaint and interesting sight.

Twelve years after the visit of Admiral Watson, James Forbes reached Bombay as a writer in the Company's service, and he gives us a graphic account of the daily life in the settlement, at the beginning of the last century. Early rising prevailed throughout the Presidency. "The morning was then dedicated to business; everybody dined at one o'clock; on breaking up, the Company went to their respective houses to enjoy a siesta, and return after a walk or ride in the country to pass the remainder of the evening and sup where they had dined." Forbes pays a handsome tribute to the character of his countrymen in exile. "In private life they are generous, kind, and hospitable; in their public situations, when called forth to arduous enterprise, they conduct themselves with skill and management; and whether presiding at the helm of the political and commercial department, or spreading the glory of the British arms.

with courage, moderation, and clemency, the annals of Hindustan will transmit to future ages names dear to fame and deserving the applause of Europe." When Forbes landed at Bombay, "comfort, hospitality, and urbanity," he states, characterized the settlement; and all who have had the privilege of visiting the island will bear willing testimony that in one respect Bombay has not altered.

A commanding feature in the view of Bombay Green presented in the Oriental Memoirs is the church. On the arrival of Richard Cobbe as chaplain to the island, he found that services were held in a room in the fort; and, in a sermon preached on the First Sunday after Trinity, he impressed on his congregation the necessity of a suitable church.

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"Well, Doctor," said the Governor after the service, you have been very zealous for the church this morning." Please, yr Honour," he replied, "I think there was occasion for it, and I hope without offence."

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"Well, then," said the Governor, "if we must have a church, we must have a church. Do you see and get a book made, and see what every one will contribute towards it, and I will do first."

Cobbe himself gave Rs. 1,427; Cornelius Toddington gave "For my wife when I have her," Rs. 20; and Mr. Richard Walters, Rs. 11, paid him for doing the service in absence of the chaplain. A commutation from penance corporal at Surat was Rs. 150. A substantial sum was collected, and on November 18, 1718, the foundation stone of the church was laid. Three years after, on Christmas Day, it was opened. The Governor went in procession, and was met at the entrance by the chaplain in his canonical dress. During the service a child was baptized, the Governor, Mrs. Parker (the Deputy-Governor's wife) and Mrs. Crommelin standing Gossips." When the service was concluded the Governor, his Council, and the ladies repaired to the vestry, where

they drank success to the new church in a glass of sack. The church was prosperous under the vigorous ministration of Cobbe, but the man whose strong will and inflexible purpose established it, could not move in the regular official routine and keep the waters smooth. Mr. Braddyll, Member of Council, complained that Mr. Cobbe had "affronted him at the Communion Table, when he was going to receive the Holy Sacrament, and he had likewise affronted him publicly several times before." From the letter which Mr. Braddyll wrote to the President and Governor of Bombay and Council it can be gathered that Mr. Cobbe had frequently complained about his employing workmen on Sunday, and that the Member of Council had advanced the plea of necessity. The quarrel culminated in the following occurrence :

"After the congregation, of which I happened to be one, had placed themselves at the altar in a posture for receiving the Communion, Mr. Cobbe having consecrated the elements, turned himself towards me and spoke with a loud voice, and said, 'Mr. Braddyll'; to which I made no answer, thinking him to be out of his senses; but he repeated it a second time, and said, 'Mr. Braddyll, have you done working on Sundays? unless yt, I cannot administer you this Sacrament.' To the best of my remembrance I told him I had. He went still further, and said he would not give me Communion unless I would promise him and the congregation then present that I would work no more on Sundays. I told him I would not unless necessity obliged me, upon which he condescended to treat me like ye rest of the community." The Board demanded an explanation of his conduct from the Chaplain, and he replied "that he was sorry to find that a person in Mr. Braddyll's station should, instead of being ashamed, make it a matter of complaint for a reproof of a sin so exceeding sinfull, but is God Almighty less in India than He is in England? Or has He given any man license to sin? Is the violation of this holy day become the less enormous, because it is so frequently and irreligiously profaned, or must it out of good manners be past by unobserved, connived and winked at, especially when it comes from so eminent a quarter?" The Board came to the conclusion "that the