62. Defiling a damfel, ufury, want of perfect chastity in a student, felling a holy pool or garden, a wife, or a child,

63. Omitting the facred inveftiture, abandoning a kinsman, teach

ing the Véda for hire, learning it from a hired teacher, selling commodities, that ought not to be fold,

64. Working in mines of any fort, engaging in dykes, bridges, or • other great mechanical works, spoiling medicinal plants repeatedly, fubfifting by the harlotry of a wife, offering facrifices and preparing ⚫ charms to destroy the innocent,

65. Cutting down green trees for firewood, performing holy rites ' with a selfish view merely, and eating prohibited food once without a previous defign,

66. Neglecting to keep up the confecrated fire, ftealing any valua•ble thing befides gold, nonpayment of the three debts, application to the books of a false religion, and exceffive attention to musick or dancing,

6

67. Stealing grain, base metals, or cattle, familiarity by the twice• born with women, who have drunk inebriating liquor, killing without • malice a woman, a Súdra, a Vaifya, or a Chatriya, and denying a • future state of rewards and punishments, are all crimes in the third degree, but higher or lower according to circumstances.

68. GIVING pain to a Bráhmen, smelling at any spirituous liquor or any thing extremely fetid and unfit to be smelt, cheating, and un

⚫ natural practices with a male, are confidered as caufing a lofs of ⚫ clafs.

69. To kill an afs, a horfe, a camel, a deer, an elephant, a goat,

‹ a sheep, a fish, a snake, or a buffalo, is declared an offence, which degrades the killer to a mixed tribe.

70. ACCEPTING prefents from defpicable men, illegal traffick, at• tendance on a Súdra master, and speaking falfehood, must be confi'dered as caufes of exclusion from social repasts.

71 KILLING, an infect, fmall or large, a worm, or a bird, eating • what has been brought in the same basket with spirituous liquor, fteal❝ing fruit, wood, or flowers, and great perturbation of mind on trifling ' occafions, are offences which caufe defilement.

72. You shall now be completely inftructed in those penances, by which all the fins juft mentioned are expiable.

73. If a Bráhmen have killed a man of the facerdotal clafs, without • malice prepenfe, the flayer being far fuperior to the flain in good qualities, • he must himself make a hut in a foreft and dwell in it twelve whole

years, fubfifting on alms for the purification of his foul, placing near

him, as a token of his crime, the skull of the flain, if he can procure it, or,

if not, any human skull. The time of penance for the three lower claffes

must be twenty four, thirty fix, and forty eight, years.

74. Or, if the flayer be of the military class, he may voluntarily ex

pose himself as a mark to archers, who know his intention; or, ac

cording to circumstances, may caft himself headlong thrice, or even till he die, into blazing fire.

75. 'Or, if he be a king, and flew a priest without malice or knowledge of his class, he may perform, with presents of great wealth, one of the following

following facrifices; an Afwamédha, or a Swerjit, or a Gósava, or an • Abhijit, or a Vifwajit, or a Trivrit, or an Agnifhtut.

76. Or, to expiate the guilt of killing a priest without knowing him

• and without defign, the killer may walk on a pilgrimage a hundred

yojanas, repeating any one of the Védas, eating barely enough to fuf⚫tain life, and keeping his organs in perfect subjection;

77. Or, if in that cafe the flayer be unlearned but rich, he may give all his property to fome Bráhmen learned in the Véda, or a fufficiency of wealth for his life, or a house and furniture to hold while he lives:

78. Or, eating only fuch wild grains as are offered to the gods, he may walk to the head of the river Sarafwatì against the course of the 'ftream; or, fubfifting on very little food, he may thrice repeat the • whole collection of Védas, or the Rich, Yajush, and Sáman.

79. Or, his hair being fhorn, he may dwell near a town, or on pastureground for cows, or in fome holy place, or at the root of a • facred tree, taking pleasure in doing good to cows and to Bráh

mens;

80. There, for the preservation of a cow or a Bráhmen, let him instantly abandon life; fince the preferver of a cow or a Bráhmen • atones for the crime of killing a priest:

81. Or, by attempting at least three times forcibly to recover from • robbers the property of a Bráhmen, or by recovering it in one of his

' attacks, or even by lofing his life in the attempt, he atones for his • crime.

82. Thus,

82. Thus, continually firm in religious aufterity, chafte as a student in the first order, with his mind intent on virtue, he may expiate

⚫ the guilt of undefignedly killing a Bráhmen, after the twelfth year has

expired.

83. Or, if a virtuous Bráhmen unintentionally kill another, who had

no good quality, he may atone for his guilt by proclaiming it in an af

sembly of priests and military men, at the facrifice of a horfe, and by bathing with other Bráhmens at the close of the sacrifice:

84. Bráhmens are declared to be the bafis, and Chatriyas the fummit, ' of the legal system: he, therefore, expiates his offence by fully proclaiming it in fuch an affembly.

85. From his high birth alone, a Bráhmen is an object of veneration even to deities: his declarations to mankind are decifive evidence; and the Véda itself confers on him that character.

86. Three at least, who are learned in the Véda, fhould be af• fembled to declare the proper expiation for the fin of a priest, but, for the three other claffes, the number must be doubled, tripled, and quadrupled: what they declare shall be an atonement for finners; fince the • words of the learned give purity.

87. Thus a Bráhmen, who has performed one of the preceding expiations, according to the circumftances of the homicide and the characters of the perfons killed and killing, with his whole mind fixed on God, purifies his foul, and removes the guilt of flaying a man of his own class:

88. He must perform the fame penance for killing an embryo, the Sex of which was unknown, but whose parents were facerdotal, or a military

military or a commercial man employed in a facrifice, or a Bráhmenì woman, who has bathed after temporary uncleannefs;

89. And the fame for giving falfe evidence in a caufe concerning land or gold or precious commodities, and for accufing his preceptor unjustly, and for appropriating a deposit, and for killing the wife of a priest, who keeps a confecrated fire, or for flaying a friend.

90. Such is the atonement ordained for killing a prieft without • malice; but for killing a Bráhmen with malice prepense, this is no expiation: the term of twelve years must be doubled, or, if the cafe was atrocious, the murderer must actually die in flames or in battle.

91. ANY twiceborn man, who has intentionally drunk fpirit of rice, through perverse delufion of mind, may drink more spirit in flame, • and atone for his offence by severely burning his body;

92.

• Or he may drink boiling hot, until he die, the urine of a cow, or pure water, or milk, or clarified butter, or juice expreffed from • cowdung:

93. Or, if he tasted it unknowingly, he may expiate the fin of drinking fpirituous liquor, by eating only some broken rice or grains of tila, from which oil has been extracted, once every night for a whole year, wrapped in coarse vesture of hairs from a cow's tail, or fitting • unclothed in his houfe, wearing his locks and beard uncut, and putting out the flag of a tavern-keeper.

94.

Since the spirit of rice is distilled from the Mala, or filthy • refuse, of the grain, and fince Mala is also a name for fin, let no • Bráhmen, Chhatriya, or Vaisya drink that spirit.

95. Inebriating