by individual honour and general interest to start up like the dead at the last trumpet, and demand the execution of justice and the restoration of nations? What right has Austria to Italy; and what was any treaty by which former ministers acceded to the cession, but a bargain with one plunderer, for the interest of another? The people of England were the parties really made war upon, from the first junction of English ministers with the Holy Allies in 1792 to the termination in 1815. It is we who were the down-trodden; and it is we who now intend to be up. Give us Poland; our sufferings began with Poland, and with Poland they shall end. The beggar in the streets, the man who is to be hanged for rickburning,-is son and heir to the spoliation of Poland, and would not have been where he is, but for the principles which enabled a British ministry to join twice in that act of baseness. And exactly as that is undone, will our recovery move hand in hand. If the Russians are driven over the Niemen, we shall have the Ballot; if they cross the Dnieper, we shall be rid of the Corn Laws; and if the Poles can get Smolensko, we too in our taxes shall get back to the ground of 1686. The world looks to France; she shall be the great nation for ever and for ever, if she will but proclaim the restoration of the Europe of 1772, and send each of the robbers a tri-coloured flag as a notice to quit. Have not they insulted her, have not they trampled on her, have not they ridden over her with Cossacks and all manner of wild beasts, for no earthly reason but because she had driven back their Duke of Brunswick in 1792, and answered the invasion in each and every of their capitals; and why and for what reason, should any honest man in France or elsewhere, not wish, hope, and ardently aspire after seeing her the instrument of the world's retribution? Some will call this 'sounding the tocsin of war.' The tocsin of war is to have two tongues; one of brass, when the despots and the barbarians are to be gathered together, and another of felt, when the civilized races are to take measures for their mutual support. The civilized people are to sit down and see themselves conquered in detail; while barbarity is to have a free-masonry of fellowship all over the earth, and constitute one agency with a single end. There never was so large a demand made on human folly at one swoop before; mankind may have been feeble enough, but there is no precedent for expecting such debility as this.

But to the English individually, there is a reason closer than political,- -a reason which comes home to every man's basket and to his store, and which should engage his liveliest exertions, as it will the keenest opposition of his domestic enemies.

Poland is God Almighty's granary; it is the place where ought to be grown the millions of quarters of corn, and thousands of millions of quartern loaves, which should be dropping into the mouths of the children who are starving for want of them, and which do not drop, because the landholders stand by with a six-pounder, to fire on the fathers of those children if they attempt to procure them by the exchange of their manufacturing industry. All Poland might be covered with English cottons, and all England fattened with Polish corn; but one selfish and overbearing order jumps upon the cross-road, and swears with cocked pistols that not a bit shall take place of either. It was for this purpose that wars have been carried on since 1792, We have been buried with debt, as a preliminary to being starved. That you-and you-and you might die in holes and corners, and somebody else ride thereby on fat horses, has been the object, end, and conclusion, of the long turmoil of war and warlike energies. At last, however, we have come to a point. We have got a ministry which avows that all is not right, and something shall be mended. What it will do, is matter of much doubt. Among other symptoms, it has taken to its prayers. Not that respectable kind of prayer, in which an honest man calls upon God and Saint Frappe-fort, while he is taking all earthly means to compass his deliverance; but that by which a man should put off the correction of his accounts from month's end to month's end, and set somebody to pray that in the mean time they might be going right. The precedent is a most alarming one; past ministers never prayed, but when the people were to be led into some suffering; and the ministry that promises reform has directed the process, without considering that there is no previous ground on which to attach a hope. How will the form run? Will it begin O Lord, who hast permitted the landholders-' And will it go on, Pour into their hearts such a sense of the error of their ways'-' that they may consider their latter end'-' or ever they are swallowed up quick and we thy servants and sheep of thy pasture in all godly quietness, for ever and ever, Amen." This is not the composition of a professional person; but it is great odds if the professional men compose a better. The probability is that the ministry wish to direct the thoughts of all hearers into this channel, though they could not exactly dictate words to the ecclesiastical authorities. A member of the legislature has come forward contemporaneously, with a proposal for a General Fast; it would have been more germane to the matter if he had offered the people a day's keep. What can a General Fast have to do with the removal of the Corn Laws; unless

the higher classes are going to make the experiment of how they like it? The landholders have proclaimed a general fast for the industrious orders these fifteen years; and now they are going to give them a form for Grace after Meat. But the industrious orders have set their imaginations upon bread; they think on the crust and on the crumb, and will not be deterred from taking it where it can honestly be had. If they have common sense they will write on their banners when they make a pageant, Free Poland and Free Bread.' The writer of this remembers, when he thought there was some blunder in the connection constantly maintained between the cries for political reform and bread. But time has taught him better; he has found out and penetrated, that the spirit of political corruption is only another name for the love of a neighbour's goods, and that as the goods of a poor man are his children's bread, it is on this that the dishonesty of the rich always falls. The connection is as real and as intimate, as the connection between the angle and the versed sine. The plot of the monopolists in all quarters is, that they shall live sumptuously upon the bread of the poor; and they think to get over it, by giving back twopence in the pound in flannel petticoats. This is the truth; and because it is the truth, it ought to be said in all corners, sung in all highways, and painted at the bottom of all vessels to honour or to dishonour, where it may have a chance to catch the eye and impress the mind. Poland has its liberation to win, and so have we. We have both of us fallen among thieves; and we cannot do better than carry on the contest in concert.

ART. XVIII-Doctrina Copularum Linguæ Latina: sive de vi atque usu elegantiori particularum, Ac, Atque, Et, Que, deque earum formulis, commentarius. Conscripsit Henricus E. Allen, A.B.12mo. Cadell.

HOULD a Knight, accoutred in all the habiliments of ancient chivalry, start up before our eyes, we could scarcely be more surprised, than we have been by the inspection of this truly classical work. It seems almost incredible, that it is the production of the present day, and of a very young author, who has but just taken his first degree at the University.

Mr. Allen has indeed imbibed the spirit of the first classical scholars of the olden time; and combines much critical acumen, and indefatigable industry, with an ardent attachment to the writers of ancient Greece and Rome. He is evidently one of those, whom he himself describes in his preface as studio

atque impetu quodam animi ad literas humaniores raptos. His work, though small, and professedly discussing the force and elegant usage of only four Latin copulatives, embraces a large body of critical remark and the copiousness of his examples, well arranged and judiciously selected, is eminently adapted to lead the student to an intimate acquaintance with the language, and to a facility of composing in a style of Ciceronian latinity.

If the present volume be compared with that of Tursellinus de particulis Latinæ orationis, in any of the topics which they treat in common, the vast superiority of our author will be manifest. We open the book nearly at random; and extract the following section as a specimen.-p. 140.

Que, et
-Que, et

~~~, pro que geminato.

66

-ut

21;

pro que vel et geminato, Græcorum formulam exprimit illam elegantem, ——7¤, kai- --: estque optimis historicis usitatissimum, àpoëtis quoque saepe adhibitum, ab oratoribus non item. Illud autem monuerim, hanc formulam tum esse elegantissimam, cùm inter binas copulas nihil sit interjectum.—— "Obportunitas suaeque, et liberorum, aetatis." Sall. Jug. 6. Adherbali suadent, uti seque, et oppidum, Jugurthae tradat." Ib. 26. "Interim Romae gaudium ingens ortum, cognitis Metelli rebus seque, et exercitum, more majorum gereret ; etc." Ib. 55. "Id ibique, et in omni Africâ,"—Ib. 89. 66 Aquâ modò seque, et jumenta, onerare.' Ib. 91. 66 Marius...illosque, et Sullam, venire jubet." Ib. 104. " Illique, et inde ad nostram memoriam Romani, sic habuêre:" Ib. 114. "Sed diique, et homines, prohibuêre redemtos vivere Romanos." Liv. V. 49. "Equidem Pol in eam partem accipioque, et volo." Terent. Eun. V. 2. 37. Adde Liv. IX, 6; X, 30; XXII, 44; XXIV, 39; 47; XXV, 14; 16; 37; XXVI, 48; XXVII, XXVIII, 17; 44; XXIX, 22; 25. Tacit. Ann. I, 71; II, 6; XII, 51; 60. Propert. II, 16, 11-12. Virg. Aen. VIII, 361; 731. Plaut. Capt. II, 2, 63. Terent. Adel. I, 1, 39: et Phorm. V, 8, 62.- -Omnino frigidiùs autem à Livio adhibita est haec formula, ut saepe alibi, sic in illo, XXV. 37:-" Inde in castra avidos adhuc caedisque, et sanguinis, reduxit." Nimirùm, conjunctio rerum tam facilè coalescentium, quàm caedes ac sanguis, talem emphasin parùm commodè fert et quidem, ex hisce nominibus si unum modò esset adhibitum, haud scio, an nihil esset futurum, cur alterum lector magnoperè desideraret. Plura exempla, qui volet, inter loca reperiet suprà citata. -In illo Virgilii quoque, Aen. V. 467, ad sensum quod attinet, supervacuum est que:· Dixitque, et proelia voce diremit."- Huc referatur-que, et——, et- "Nullâ in praesens formidine, dum Augustus aetate validus seque, et domum, et pacem, sustentavit." Tacit. Ann. I. 4. "Ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique, et conjugi, et fratribus, tribuit." Ib. XII. 37. Adde Sall. Jug. 76: et Terent. Hecyr. III. 5. 38.

Of this construction que-et, for et-et, Tursellinus does adduce

a few instances, but pronounces this judgment-non licet imitari: how rashly and unwarrantably, is evinced by the mass of authorities brought forward by Mr. Allen from the purest Latin writers. But we must restrain the classical feelings, which this piece has revived in us. A secret monitor suggests -" quis leget hæc? vel duo, vel nemo.'

We heartily wish our young author all the success and encouragement which he merits; but he must be prepared to find his classical productions and himself treated with utter indifference and neglect. Our great Schools and Universities have so long and sadly failed to execute their literary trusts, that the revival of classical learning in this country seems beyond hope. The extinction of it will re-act wofully upon those, whose unfaithfulness has caused it to pass into general disesteem. Yet meliora speremus. Who knows whether better days may not be approaching in the literary world, as well as in the political. Could we see a few more scholars of Mr. Allen's zeal and acquirements, we should not despair of the republic of classical letters.